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高冲击下的保护:清除西墨西哥岛屿外来哺乳动物

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第2期37卷 97-103页

作者： Alfonso Aguirre-Muoz Donald A.Croll C.Josh Donlan R.William Henry Ⅲ Miguel Angel Hermosillo Gregg R.Howald Bradford S.Keitt Luciana Luna-Mendoza Marlenne Rodríguez-Malagón Luz María Salas-Flores Araceli Samaniego-Herrera Jose Angel Sanchez-Pacheco Jacob Sheppard Bernie R.Tershy jorge toro-benito Shaye Wolf Bill Wood 寒江 Grupo de Ecologíay Conservación de Islas 岛屿保护组织(IC) 高级保护战略(Advanced Conservation Strategies) 加州大学圣克鲁兹分校 IC-Canada IC Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas 墨西哥联邦政府内务部

岛屿蕴含着与其面积不成比例的地球生物多样性,但是,岛屿生物多样性有很大一部分丧失了,这很大程度上是由于外来哺乳动物的冲击。幸运的是,倘若有强有力的手段防止生物灭绝、重建生态系统,那么,可以例行地清除岛屿上的外来哺乳动物。鉴... 详细信息

岛屿蕴含着与其面积不成比例的地球生物多样性,但是,岛屿生物多样性有很大一部分丧失了,这很大程度上是由于外来哺乳动物的冲击。幸运的是,倘若有强有力的手段防止生物灭绝、重建生态系统,那么,可以例行地清除岛屿上的外来哺乳动物。鉴于目前超过80%的世界主要岛群存在外来哺乳动物并且它们构成了对地球生物多样性的首要威胁,推广可重现的、可依比例缩放的行动模式以清除岛屿外来哺乳动物便十分重要了。这里我们报告过去10年来应用于西墨西哥群岛的一种成功的行动模式。非政府组织、理论生物学家、墨西哥政府机构,以及当地个人在3个群岛海进行了通力合作,产生了重大的重建成效。从26个岛屿清除了42个外来哺乳动物种群。对于每一生物群体(colony)花费21 615美元,每一分类(taxon)花费49 370美元,分别有201个海鸟群体、88个陆地特有分类得到了保护。这些保护行动的成功要归功于一种可操作的行动模式,它有3个主要的构成部分:1)将研究、重点设定、资助、公众教育、政策制定、能力建设、保护行动、监测及评估结合在一起的三国通力协作;2)主动的、专门的自然资源管理机构;3)墨西哥和美国学术研究人员的有效参与。现在需要的是:一份将所需的额外资助、能力、技术进步及政策问题综合起来的,本地区其余岛屿清除外来哺乳动物的详细计划。西墨西哥的岛屿保护提供了一种有效的方法,这种方法可以很容易地应用于其它保护努力十分有限的多岛海区域。

关键词：哺乳动物墨西哥岛屿保护清除高冲击生物多样性比例缩放

Targeting harmful effects of non-excitatory amino acids as an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2454-2463页

作者： Victoria Jiménez Carretero IrisÁlvarez-Merz jorge Hernández-Campano Sergei A.Kirov Jesús M.Hernández-Guijo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic School of MedicineUniv.Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research(IRYCIS) Neurobiology-Research ServiceHospital Ramón y CajalMadridSpain Institute of Neurobiology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine&Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is ***,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely *** release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the *** findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma *** amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during *** is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ***,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain *** these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.

关键词： cell swelling N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor non-excitatory amino acids stroke synaptic transmission

Endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 1-7页

作者： Sahib Singh Saurabh Chandan Rakesh Vinayek Jahnvi Dhar Jayanta Samanta Gabriele Capurso Ivo Boskoski Cristiano Spada jorge D Machicado Stefano Francesco Crinò Antonio Facciorusso Department of Internal Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States Department of Gastroenterology Sinai Hospital of BaltimoreBaltimoreMD 21215United States Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Division of Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilano 20132Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore di RomaCenter for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and TrainingRoma 00168Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Catholic UniversityRoma 00168Italy Department of Gastroenterology University of Michigan HealthAnn ArborMI 48107United States Department of Endoscopy University of VeronaVerona 37121VenetoItaly Gastroenterology Unit Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy

Pancreatic cysts are mostly incidental findings on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans,with few patients presenting with abdominal pain or other *** accurate diagnosis of cysts is important as management depends on the type(neoplastic or non-neoplastic).Cross-sectional imaging is fast being replaced with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)and various techniques based on that such as EUS-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-guided needle confocal laser endomicroscopy,EUS-through-the-needle biopsy,and contrast-enhanced *** studies have reported varying diagnostic and adverse event rates with these *** addition,American,European,and Kyoto guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts have provided different *** this editorial,we elaborate on the clinical guidelines,recent studies,and comparison of different endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Fine needle aspiration Needle confocal laser endomicroscopy Through-the-needle biopsy Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound

Natural variation of ncHLAII molecules:challenges and perspectives

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第12期19卷 1432-1434页

作者： MiguelÁlvaro-benito Protein Biochemistry Institute for BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany

Identifying causal genetic variants for a given phenotype improves diagnosis and provides insights for designing ***,defining the link and/or contribution to a phenotype of rare variants or those with an indirect cont... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis insight designing

Study of Soft Quadrupole Excitation in Nucleus ^(11)Li with Test Particle Method

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Chinese Physics Letters 1994年第6期11卷 333-336页

作者： CAI Yanhuang ASmerzi MDi toro Chinese Center of Advanced Science and Technology(World Laboratory) P.O.Box 8730Beijing 100080 Institute of Nuclear Research Academia SinicaShanghai 201800 INFN-Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud and Dipartimento di Fisica CataniaItaly 57Corso Italia95129 CataniaItaly

The quadrupole excitations in nucleus 11Li have been studied within the nuclear Vlasov equation *** classical phase space distribution function is given by the test particle propagation method.A soft mode of quadrupole excitation located around 2MeV is *** total percentage of E2 energy-weighted sum rule exhausted in this soft resonance region is very sensitive to the extension of neutron halo in nucleus *** results compared with other recent calculations are analyzed.

关键词： method excitation equation

Hot corrosion mechanism of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder in the presence of molten Na_(2)SO_(4)+V_(2)O_(5) salts

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Rare Metals 2021年第5期40卷 1307-1316页

作者： Jhonattan De la Roche Juan Manuel Alvarado-Orozco Alejandro toro Tribology and Surfaces Group Universidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellin 050041Colombia Centro de Ingeniena y Desarrollo Industrial-CIDESI Queretaro 76125Mexico Consorcio de Manufactura Aditiva-CONMAD Queretaro 76125Mexico

The hot corrosion behavior of yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)powder specimens exposed to Na_(2)SO_(4)/V_(2)O_(5) salts mixtures at high temperature was *** tests were carried out at 1000℃ for 10 h,the salt concentrations varied from 0.1 wt%to 1.00 wt%,and the Na_(2)SO_(4)/V_(2)O_(5) mass ratios were between 0.20 and 0.44 following a factorial design 22.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses of the tested samples showed with a confidence of95%that the mixture composed of 32 wt%Na_(2)SO_(4)+68 wt%V_(2)O_(5),and 1.00 wt% salt concentration led to high destabilization of the t’-YSZ phase and formation of YVO_(4) products.A second set of experiments were conducted to assess the influence of temperature on the hot corrosion response of the YSZ in the range between 490 and 1100℃.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)experiments and Rietveld adjustments of XRD patterns showed that the mass loss of the samples varied with testing temperature and also that the major destabilization of tetragonal phase occurred at 900℃.

关键词： Hot corrosion Molten salts Yttria-stabilized zirconia Thermal barrier coatings

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

On Universal Osher-Type Schemes for General Nonlinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第8期10卷 635-671页

作者： Michael Dumbser Eleuterio F.toro Laboratory of Applied Mathematics University of TrentoI-38100 TrentoItaly

This paper is concerned with a new version of the Osher-Solomon Riemann solver and is based on a numerical integration of the path-dependent dissipation *** resulting scheme is much simpler than the original one and is applicable to general hyperbolic conservation laws,while retaining the attractive features of the original solver:the method is entropy-satisfying,differentiable and complete in the sense that it attributes a different numerical viscosity to each characteristic field,in particular to the intermediate ones,since the full eigenstructure of the underlying hyperbolic system is *** illustrate the potential of the proposed scheme we show applications to the following hyperbolic conservation laws:Euler equations of compressible gasdynamics with ideal gas and real gas equation of state,classical and relativistic MHD equations as well as the equations of nonlinear *** the knowledge of the authors,apart from the Euler equations with ideal gas,an Osher-type scheme has never been devised before for any of these complicated PDE *** our new general Riemann solver can be directly used as a building block of high order finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin schemes we also show the extension to higher order of accuracy and multiple space dimensions in the new framework of PNPM schemes on unstructured meshes recently proposed in[9].

关键词： Universal Osher-Solomon flux universal Roe flux high resolution shock-capturing finite volume schemes WENO schemes reconstructed discontinuous Galerkin methods PNPM schemes Euler equations gas dynamics ideal gas and real gas equation of state MHD equations relativistic MHD equations nonlinear elasticity

Flow in Collapsible Tubes with Discontinuous Mechanical Properties:Mathematical Model and Exact Solutions

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第2期13卷 361-385页

作者： Eleuterio F.toro Annunziato Siviglia Laboratory of applied Mathematics University of TrentoVia Mesiano 77I-38100 TrentoItaly

We formulate a one-dimensional time-dependent non-linear mathematical model for some types of physiological fluid flow in collapsible tubes with discontinuous material *** resulting 6×6 hyperbolic system is analysed and the associated Riemann problem is solved *** the solution algorithm deals with idealised cases,it is nonetheless uniquely well-suited for assessing the performance of numerical methods intended for simulating more general ***,our model may be a useful starting point for numerical calculations of realistic flows involving rapid and discontinuous material property *** important example in mind is the simulation of blood flow in medium-to-large veins in ***,we also discuss some peculiarities of the model regarding the loss of strict hyperbolicity and *** particular we show an example in which the solution of the Riemann problem is non unique.

关键词： Collapsible tubes physiological flows blood flows Riemann problem