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Intervertebral disc degeneration is rescued by TGFβ/BMP signaling modulation in an ex vivo flamin B mouse model

Bone Research 2022年第3期10卷 524-535页

作者： Jennifer Zieba Kimberly N.Forlenza Kelly heard jorge h.martin Michaela Bosakova Daniel h.Cohn Stephen P.Robertson Pavel Krejci Deborah Krakow Department of Orthopedic Surgery Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biology Faculty of MedicineMasaryk University62500 BrnoCzech Republic International Clinical Research Center St.Anne’s University Hospital65691 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of Sciences60200 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Women’s and Children’s health Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand Department of human Genetics Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Spondylocarpotarsal syndrome(SCT) is a rare musculoskeletal disorder characterized by short stature and vertebral, carpal, and tarsal fusions resulting from biallelic nonsense mutations in the gene encoding filamin B(FLNB). Utilizing a FLNB knockout mouse,we showed that the vertebral fusions in SCT evolved from intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration and ossification of the annulus fibrosus(AF), eventually leading to full trabecular bone formation. This resulted from alterations in the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway that included increased canonical TGFβ and noncanonical BMP signaling. In this study, the role of FLNB in the TGFβ/BMP pathway was elucidated using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo treatment methodologies. The data demonstrated that FLNB interacts with inhibitory Smads 6 and 7(i-Smads) to regulate TGFβ/BMP signaling and that loss of FLNB produces increased TGFβ receptor activity and decreased Smad 1 ubiquitination. Through the use of small molecule inhibitors in an ex vivo spine model, TGFβ/BMP signaling was modulated to design a targeted treatment for SCT and disc degeneration. Inhibition of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ/BMP pathway activity restored Flnb-/-IVD morphology. These most effective improvements resulted from specific inhibition of TGFβand p38 signaling activation. FLNB acts as a bridge for TGFβ/BMP signaling crosstalk through i-Smads and is key for the critical balance in TGFβ/BMP signaling that maintains the IVD. These findings further our understanding of IVD biology and reveal new molecular targets for disc degeneration as well as congenital vertebral fusion disorders.

关键词： TGFβ vivo BMP treatment

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Is sympatric speciation in nature only possible with micro-parapatry? A new case study of glacial lake cyprinid fishes

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 21-23页

作者： Christopher h.martin Department of Integrative Biology University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California

Although numerous theoretical models of the feasibility and necessary conditions for sympatric speciation abound in the literature,clear-cut examples in nature remain ***,as always in speciation research,this statement strongly depends on your definition of sympatric speciation [1-3].If using the biogeographic definition of sympatric speciation as divergence between individuals in a population within’cruising range’of each other [4],

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Boosting corticospinal system synaptic plasticity to recover motor functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2182-2183页

作者： Weiguo Song John h.martin Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research ManhassetNYUSA Department of Molecular Cellularand Biomedical SciencesCenter for Discovery and Innovation Neuroscience Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

An importa nt strategy to promote voluntary movements after motor system injury is to strengthen the connections between the motor cortex and muscles by taking advantage of the plasticity of the corticospinal motor *** neuromodulation approaches are directed to activate the spinal cord and peripheral axons to strengthen muscle *** discuss in this perspective that,the cortex and spinal cord should be ta rgeted together to enhance cortex-to-musclefunction(Amer and martin,2022).

关键词： plasticity system activation

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Weak correlation of flower color and nectar-tube depth in temperate grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 397-405页

作者： Julia Binkenstein martina Stang Julien P.Renoult h.martin Schaefer Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Straße 479106 FreiburgGermany Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Institute of Arts Creation Theory and Aesthetics UMR 8218-CNRS47 r.des bergers75015 ParisFrance Fundacion Jocotoco Lizardo GarcíaE9-104 y Andrés XauraP.O.Box 17-16-337QuitoEcuador

Aims Nectar is one of the most common floral rewards offered to pol-linators by *** on the plant species,nectar is offered openly or in tubes of various lengths restricting accessibility of this resource for flower visitors with short *** attract-ing pollinators that match floral morphology increases pollination efficiency,flowers could profit from signaling nectar-tube depth to *** flower colors are important signals in plant-pol-linator communication,we investigated whether and which differ-ent chromatic or achromatic aspects of flower color might indicate nectar-tube depth or whether flower colors facilitate the differen-tiation between flowers with long nectar tubes by means of high chromatic *** To this end,we collected flower reflectance spectra of 135 grassland plant *** analyzed flower colors as raw reflectance spectra in principal component analysis(PCA)and in the color space of *** Findings The correlation between flower colors and tube depths was *** the bee’s point of view,blue flowers had on average deeper tubes than green,blue-green and UV-green flowers potentially allow-ing insects to predict tube depths based on blue *** purity did not correlate with nectar-tube depth,nor did the chromatic uniqueness of flower colors in the honeybee color *** wavelength showed a significant but very weak correlation with tube *** achromatic green contrast decreased with increasing tube depth as did brightness;thus deep tubes were less conspicuous than shallow *** components resulting from PCA did not or only slightly correlate with tube *** results illustrate that flower colors may have a certain potential to indicate tube depth,*** accessibility,from a bee’s perspective.

关键词： vision pollination efficiency plant-animal interaction nectar tube depth

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Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： martin-Paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

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harnessing neural activity to promote repair of the damaged corticospinal system after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1389-1391页

作者： John h.martin Department of Physiology Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCity University of New York School of Medicine

As most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） are incomplete, an important target for promoting neural repair and recovery of lost motor function is to promote the connections of spared descending spinal pathways with spinal motor circuits. Among the pathways, the corticospinal tract （CST） is most associated with skilled voluntary functions in humans and many animals. CST loss, whether at its origin in the motor cortex or in the white matter tracts subcortically and in the spinal cord, leads to movement impairments and paraly- sis. To restore motor function after injury will require repair of the damaged CST. In this review, I discuss how knowledge of activity-dependent development of the CST--which establishes connectional speci- ficity through axon pruning, axon outgrowth, and synaptic competition among CST terminals--informed a novel activity-based therapy for promoting sprouting of spared CST axons after injur in mature animals. This therapy, which comprises motor cortex electrical stimulation with and without concurrent trans-spi- nal direct current stimulation, leads to an increase in the gray matter axon length of spared CST axons in the rat spinal cord and, after a pyramidal tract lesion, restoration of skilled locomotor movements. I discuss how this approach is now being applied to a C4 contusion rat model.

关键词： corticospinal tract motor cortex electrical stimulation spinal direct current stimulation spinalcord injury brain injury

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Mate-recognition and species boundaries in the ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 1-12页

作者： Simon h.martin Emma T.Steenkamp Michael J.Wingfield Brenda D.Wingfield Department of Genetics Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa

Reproductive gene evolution is commonly invoked as a source of reproductive isolation during *** possibility has not been adequately explored in the Ascomycota,the most species-rich fungal *** mechanisms of mate-recognition in this group are relatively simple:a“mating type”locus determines reproductive mode and sexual compatibility,and two pheromone/receptor pairs control sexual ***,ascomycete reproductive genes can experience unique and interesting evolutionary forces,which could lead to rapid *** this review,we examine the mechanisms of sexual interaction in ascomycetes and explore current evidence as to whether these mechanisms allow for species-specificity in *** discuss the evolutionary forces that can drive reproductive gene divergence,how these may apply in the world of ascomycetes,and their possible consequences for speciation.

关键词： Ascomycota Speciation Mating type Pheromone Receptor

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Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： Sajid Rauf Muhammad Bilal hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf Shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity heterostructure electrolyte

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Elutriation, attrition and segregation in a conical spouted bed with a fountain confiner

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Particuology 2020年第4期18卷 35-44页

作者： Aitor Pablos Roberto Aguado jorge Vicente Mikel Tellabide Javier Bilbao martin Olazar Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUP.O.Box 644E48080 BilbaoSpain Novattia Desarrollos Ltd.Scientific and Technologic Park of BizkaiaAstondo BideaBuilding 612E48160 DerioSpain

This study examined elutriation,attrition,and segregation in a conical spouted bed with a fountain confiner and incorporating an open sided draft *** silica sand with a wide particle size distribution was employed as a model material,operating in both the batch and continuous *** use of a fountain confiner is crucial when operating with fine particles,because otherwise the bed rapidly exhibits significant *** extent of attrition was quantified using a tracing technique based on differently-coloured sand fractions as well as monitoring size distributions by *** breakage was found to be the primary attrition mechanism,and the fountain confiner was determined to limit the elutriation of fine particles resulting from ***,only a small fraction of the finest particles were entrained from the *** incorporation of a confiner increased operational stability while reducing segregation,especially in the upper half of the bed where the majority of segregation typically ***,the bed was perfectly mixed apart from very minimal segregation close to the wall and at the bottom of the *** results provide a basis for the design and operation of larger scale equipment for the continuous drying of materials.

关键词： Spouted bed Fine sand Elutriation Attrition Segregation Fountain confinement device

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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome:prevalence and outcomes in gender affirming surgery-a single institution experience

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 605-613页

作者： Alireza Najafian Isabel Cylinder Breanna Jedrzejewski Craig Sineath Zbigniew Sikora Leigh h.martin Daniel Dugi Geolani W.Dy Jens Urs Berli Division of Plastic Surgery Department of General SurgeryOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239USA Department of Urology Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239USA

Aim:Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome(EDS)are considered to have an increased risk for wound healing *** may therefore be hesitant to offer elective surgeries,including gender-affirming surgeries(GAS),to EDS *** our center,we frequently encountered patients presenting for GAS evaluation with the co-existing diagnosis of *** study aims to establish the prevalence of EDS diagnosis in our GAS patients and compare their post-operative complications to patients without EDS ***:This is a single-institution retrospective case-control study on all patients who underwent GAS from *** include EDS diagnosis,demographics,operation,and complications(including minor wound healing issues).Results:Of 1363 patients presenting for GAS,36(2.6%)had EDS diagnoses and were matched with 108 control *** complications requiring surgical intervention in the OR occurred in 6 patients(4.2%),(2.8% EDS vs.5.4%controls;P=0.63),while 8.3% of EDS and 14% of controls required minor interventions(P=0.38).The rate of wound healing issues of any severity was 28% in EDS vs.47% in control groups(P=0.04).Conclusion:The prevalence of EDS diagnosis in our patient population is 132 times the highest reported prevalence in the general *** healing issues and the need for additional post-operative interventions in the group with EDS diagnosis were not significantly different from the control *** findings suggest that patients with a diagnosis of EDS undergoing GAS have comparable outcomes to patients without *** for post-operative complications should not be a barrier to offering GAS to patients presenting with an EDS diagnosis.

关键词： Ehlers-Danlos gender transgender gender affirmation surgery outcomes

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