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Sexual dimorphism in immune response： Testing the hypothesis in an insect species with two male morphs

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 620-628页

作者： Gloria Ruiz-Guzman jorge Canales-Lazcano Jesus Guillermo Jimenez-Cortes jorge Contreras-Garduno Centro de Investigacion Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica Av. Universidad No. 655 C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos departamento de Biologia Divisi6n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato departamento de Ecologia Evolufiva Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Apdo. Postal 70-275 04510 Mexico D. F. Mexico

It has been proposed that given that males should invest in sexual traits at the expense of their investment in immune response, females are better immunocompetent than males. Typically, this idea has been tested in monomorphic species, but rarely has been evaluated in polymorphic male species. We used Paraphlebia zoe, a damselfly with two male morphs： the black-winged morph （Black-W） develop black spots as sexual traits and the hyaline-winged morph （Hyaline-W） resembles a female in size and wings color. We predicted that Black-W should have a lower immune response than Hyaline-W, but that the latter males should not differ from females in this respect. Nitric oxide （NO） and phenoloxidase （PO） production, as well as hemolymph protein content, were used as immune markers. Body size （wing length） was used as an indicator of the male condition. The results show that, as we predicted, females and Hyaline-W had higher values of NO than Black-W, corresponding to differences in size. However, the opposite was found in relation to PO production. Females had the highest levels of hemolymph protein content, whereas no differences were found between Black-W and Hyaline-W. These results partially support the sexual selection hypothesis and are discussed in the context of the life history of this species. Black-W, Hyaline-W, and females could express the immune markers that are prioritized by their particular condition, and probably neither of them could express all immune markers in an elevated manner, as this would result in an excessive accumulation of free radicals.

关键词： immune response male morphs Paraphlebia zoe polymorphic species,territoriality trade-off

Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 385-390页

作者： Iris K.Salgado Aranza I.Torrado Jose M.Santiago jorge d.Miranda department of Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus Department of Natural Sciences

Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the life- style of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI： an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents （tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2） that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective （increase cell survival） and/or regenerative （axonal outgrowth） actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat （N250 g） with a moderate contusion （12.5 mm） to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet （Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA） or by intraperitoneal injections （1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days）, respectively, to produce a long-term effect （28 days）. Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regen- erative activity in vertebrates with SCI.

关键词： tamoxifen Src kinase PP2 trauma regeneration neuroprotection

Chemokine ligand 2 and paraoxonase-1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:The search for alternative causative factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第10期21卷 2875-2882页

作者： Jordi Camps jorge Joven Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili

The incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLd)is constantly *** this is apparently associated with the growing increase in obesity,insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic disturbances their presence is not a necessary or sufficient condition to explain the accumulation of fatin the ***,NAFLd is a predictor of other metabolic *** is currently the most frequent chronic liver disease but should not be considered benign or anecdotic because a considerable proportion of patients with NAFLd progress to cirrhosis and endstage liver ***,the search for alternative molecular mechanisms with therapeutic implications in NAFLd and associated disorders deserves a careful *** are possible targets as these organelles generate energy from nutrient *** findings,generated in patients with extreme obesity and in murine models,support the notion that NAFLd could be a mitochondrial *** is plausible because mitochondrial dysfunction affects the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and promotes lipid peroxidation,the production of reactive oxygen species,the release of cytokines causing inflammation and cell *** we discuss basic research and mechanistic studies targeting the role of chemokine ligand 2 in liver inflammation and that of the paraoxonases in the oxidative *** combination and association with mitochondrial dysfunction may uncover mechanisms underlying the progression of NAFLd and may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.

关键词： Biomarkers Cytokines Inflammation Metabolism Mitoc

OPTIMAL WINdOW GEOMETRY FACTORS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BUILdINGS IN PORTUGAL

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第1期13卷 185-197页

作者： jorge S.Carlos Centre of Materials and Building Technologies(CMAdE-UBI) Universidade da Beira InteriorRua Marquês D’Ávila e Bolama6200-001CovilhãPortugal

INTROdUCTION With respect to thermal performance, windows are the weakest component of the building envelope, essentially because the U-value is usually higher than the opaque envelope. This would allow the highest heat conductance of the building envelope. However, it also helps buildings to gain useful solar heat during winter. Therefore, it has been generally accepted that passive buildings would have small windows towards the poles and large windows facing the equator (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006). In spite of this guideline, large or fully glazed facades have been used in modern architecture. The intensive use of air conditioning is the result of overheating and high thermal loss problems, which otherwise would lead to thermal discomfort. This extensive use of large windows associated with high energy consumption has motivated researchers to study this building component. Window areas were investigated by Persson et al. (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006) on 20 terraced houses with larger windows facing the equator and built in Gothenburg. The building envelope was well insulated and fitted with energy efficient windows. It was found that energy efficient windows do not have a major influ-ence on the heating demand in the winter, but it is relevant for the cooling need in summer. Therefore, reduced indoor illuminance due to small windows can be solved by enlarging them in order to obtain relevant daylighting conditions. When efficient windows are designed for a warm climate, as in Mexico, reducing heat flux and solar transmittance indoors was the best option for energy savings (Aguilar et al. 2017). However, reducing solar transmittance influences the indoor illuminance, which was not analyzed.

关键词： school building classroom windows solar heat gain daylight

Identification and evaluation of antioxidant activity of bioactive casein-derived peptides during in vitro digestion and transepithelial transport in Caco-2 cells

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Food Bioscience 2023年第3期53卷 2427-2439页

作者： Victor d’Opazo jorge Calpe Laura Escrivá Tiago Melo Nazareth Giuseppe Meca Carlos Luz Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Valencia46100BurjassotSpain

dairy products are important sources of bioactive(antibacterial,antithrombotic,antihypertensive,immuno-modulatory,and antioxidative)peptides,that need to be released from the target *** the present study,bovine milk casein protein was hydrolyzed by pancreatin and trypsin(4 and 24 h)to evaluate the hydrolyses efficiency(ninhydrin reaction);to elucidate the sequence of casein-derived peptides(SdS-PAGE,LC-ESI-TOF-MS);and to assess the peptides antioxidant activity(dPPH and ORAC),bioactivity in silico,bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion,and bioavailablility by transepithelial transport in Caco-2 *** hydrolysis degree increased with the incubation time,with evident degradation of casein-derived proteins into low molecular weight peptides(da)after 4 and 24 h *** showed higher hydrolysis degree(91%)than trypsin(21%).An increase in antioxidant activity was observed with increasing incubation time,with higher antioxidant effect observed for trypsin derived peptides(47%reduction of free radicals;32112μM Trolox equivalents)than pancreatin derived peptides(15%reduction;2862μM Trolox equivalents).A total of 69 ca-seins derived peptides were identified after trypsin(33 peptides)and pancreatin(36 peptides)hydrolysis for 24 h;with 26 peptides released fromβ-casein,21 fromα-s1-casein,15 fromα-s2-casein,and 7 from k-casein *** of these peptides were described as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and *** in vitro digestion 123 peptides were found in gastric(56 peptides),duodenal(43 peptides)and colonic(24 peptides)fraction;while five peptides were bioavailable by crossing the intestinal barrier,with increased peptides’abundance after trypsin hydrolysis treatment.

关键词： Casein Bioactive peptides Antioxidant activity In vitro digestion Bioaccessibility Bioavailability

Topological circuit of a versatile non-Hermitian quantum system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第1期65卷 53-60页

作者： david-Andres Galeano Xiao-Xiao Zhang jorge Mahecha Instituto de F´ısica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedell´ın 050010Colombia Unidad Transacciones T&d Energ´ıa Gerencia Comercial T&D Energ´ıaV.P.T&D Energ´ıaEPMMedell´ın 050015Colombia department of Physics and Astronomy&Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS) Saitama 351-0198Japan department of Chemistry University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada

We propose a resistors,inductors and capacitors(RLC)electrical circuit to theoretically analyze and fully simulate a new type of non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)model with complex *** formulate its construction and investigate its properties by taking advantage of the circuit’s *** physical properties can be identified in this system from the normal modes of oscillation of the RLC circuit,including the highly tunable bulk-edge correspondence between topological winding numbers and edge states and the non-Hermitian skin phenomenon originating from a novel complex energy plane *** present study is able to show the wide and appealing topological physics inherent to electric circuits,which is readily generalizable to a plenty of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian nontrivial systems.

关键词： topolectric circuit SSH model non-Hermitian topology skin effect

Conditionings for Collective Action and the Transformation of the Political Structure in Mexico

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Conditionings for Collective Action and the Transformation o...

作者： Andrea salazar Aguilar 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

The purpose of this research is to identify the main causes that led to the Mexican Revolution in *** event is a complex movement in the political history of that country,which included various factors,among social,political,and economic aspects,important to be reviewed and analyzed,in order to get an objective approach of its origins and *** have been various interpretations of its characteristics,historical motivations,the revolutionary factors,mostly separately from one *** not a few cases,the revolution has been studied as an agrarian and social in its bases,which can be correct due to the major demands and outcomes which resulted from it,in the construction of a new *** other authors,the revolution was merely a political shift caused by the power struggles,but it did not signify a social transformation,not even an agrarian ***,the revolution was a demonstration that affected the socioeconomic and political composition of the whole Mexican territory,but in different degrees,and carried out by a mixture of collectives and entities,that contradicted from each *** this research attempts to find,is a general insight of this movement seen from four dimensions,conditions that set the context before its initiation and analyze the motivations of various social groups involved in the struggle,and the consequences or results that this event brought to those *** does not attempt to cover all the aspects since these are several,but bring up in an objective approach the causes and consequences of this *** complete the research,there have been collected,and compared qualitative secondary sources that provide information measured by the political,social,economic,and external factors,before the insurrection took place in 1857 to 1910 when it started,compared to the circumstances after the revolution from 1910 to *** set the context,that will serve to consider the major characteristics and motivations over the v

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Root Secretion of Phytochemicals in Arabidopsis Is Predominantly Not Influenced by diurnal Rhythms

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 491-498页

作者： dayakar V. Badri Victor M. Loyola-Vargas Corey d. Broeckling jorge M. Vivanco Center for Rhizosphere Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA 30 Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo Merida Yucatan Mexico

Root-secreted phytochemicals mediate multiple interactions in the rhizosphere. The root exudation process can be altered by various biotic factors, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, and abiotic factors like temperature and soil moisture. It has been suggested that root secretion of specific flavonoids is influenced by diurnal rhythms （by light or dark） but a comprehensive analysis of the overall secretion of phytochemicals in response to diurnal rhythms has not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the effect of light/dark cycles on root exudation profiles using Arabidopsis as a model plant. Our results reveal that the root secretion of phytochemicals is partly regulated by the diurnal light cycle and follows two main patterns of secretion：（1） the large majority of phytochemicals in the exudates showed no diurnal pattern in their secretion, and （2） a few compounds showed a diurnal pattern in their secretion： three compounds increased in secretion only under light; two compounds increased in secretion only while it was dark; and two compounds increased in secretion during the transition from dark to light. Root-specific ABC transporters have been implicated in root exudation; an analysis of the gene expression patterns of ABC transporters in the roots of Arabidopsis at specific time points revealed that none of the ABC transporters followed a diurnal expression pattern, suggesting that they are expressed constantly during the day and night. Similarly, we analyzed the expression in roots of genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and found that some of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis （i.e. 4-coumarate-CoA ligases （4CL1 and 4CL2）, flavonol synthases （FSl and FS2）, and CYP79B3） followed distinct diurnal expression patterns. Overall, we have discovered that while root exudation of the majority of phytochemicals is constitutive, the secretion of a few compounds follows a diurnal rhythm, which is in accor

关键词： Arabidopsis diurnal rhythm root exudates ABC transporters secondary metabolite biosynthesis.

Key innovations in ruminant evolution: a paleontological perspective

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 412-433页

作者： daniel deMIGUEL Beatriz AZANZA jorge MORALES Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomus University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain department of Earth Sciences University of ZaragozaUniversity Research Institute in Environmental SciencesZaragozaSpain department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural SciencesMadridSpain

Key innovations are newly acquired structures that permit the performance of a new function and open new adaptive zones,and are,therefore,of paramount significance for understanding the history of the Ruminantia,particularly its diversification through the *** we review and discuss what is known about these evolutionary novelties,with special emphasis on the appearance and evolution of cranial appendages and high-crowned(or hypsodont)*** appendages probably favored the diversification of pecorans by being structures strongly related to sexual selection,whereas the acquisition of hypsodont teeth could have expanded potential dietary breadth and allowed species to extend diets into the grazing range without eliminating browsing as a potential *** analyzed in conjunction with patterns of faunal diversity and in the context of climatic changes,it seems that the overall view that ruminant cranial appendages and hypsodonty may have started responding to increased patterns of seasonality and the opening-up of ecosystems is roughly ***stead,they occurred through several distinct pulses and varied widely among *** review is,to our knowledge,the first to highlight that the evolution of these innovations has been far from constant and uniform through ***,we identify that both a first attempt to increase hypsodonty starting in the early Miocene and a first evolution of antlers and pronghorns were interrupted as a consequence of wide climatic fluctuations in the early-middle Miocene transition.

关键词： Artiodactyla climate change cranial appendages diversity hypsodonty