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Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing

Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 223-230页

作者： Robert Kammel Roland Ackermann Jens Thomas jorg Gotte Stefan Skupin Andreas Tunnermann Stefan Nolte Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena07743 JenaGermany Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems 01187 DresdenGermany Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena07743 JenaGermany Universitede Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsUMR 510733405 TalenceFrance Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering 07745 JenaGermany

In recent years,femtosecond(fs)-lasers have evolved into a versatile tool for high precision micromachining of transparent materials because nonlinear absorption in the focus can result in refractive index modifications or material ***,when high pulse energies or low numerical apertures are required,nonlinear side effects such as self-focusing,filamentation or white light generation can decrease the modification *** this paper,we apply simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing(SSTF)to overcome these *** main advantage of SSTF is that the ultrashort pulse is only formed at the focal plane,thereby confining the intensity distribution strongly to the focal volume and suppressing detrimental nonlinear side ***,we investigate the optical breakdown within a water cell by pump-probe shadowgraphy,comparing conventional focusing and SSTF under equivalent focusing *** plasma formation is well confined for low pulse energies,2 mJ,but higher pulse energies lead to the filamentation and break-up of the disruptions for conventional focusing,thereby decreasing the modification *** contrast,plasma induced by SSTF stays well confined to the focal plane,even for high pulse energies up to 8 mJ,preventing extended filaments,side branches or break-up of the ***,while conventional focusing leads to broadband supercontinuum generation,only marginal spectral broadening is observed using *** experimental findings are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the nonlinear pulse propagation and interaction ***,SSTF appears to be a powerful tool to control the processing of transparent materials,e.g.,for precise ophthalmic fs-surgery.

关键词： filamentation fs-laser surgery laser-induced optical breakdown materials processing plasma shadowgraphy

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Comparison of Granules for Prescription and Classical Decoctions by High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography-fingerprint Analysis

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Katharina Schiller jorg Heilmann Detlef Manns Gerhard Franz Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Federal Institute for Drugs and Medicinal Devices(BfArM)

Objective: The so?called granules for prescription have been developed about 20 years ago as a new form of modernizing and simplification of the classical decoction common in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice. Due to actual problems in Germany/Europe, which are caused by the lack of quality monographs and judicial classification of granules for prescription, the aim of the study was a comparison of the chemical composition of commercial granules versus decoctions. Taking an example, decoctions, commercial granules, and organic extracts of two well?established TCM herbal drugs, Scrophulariae Radix and Xanthii Fructus, were examined in their specific composition. Methods: Using high?performance thin?layer chromatography (HPTLC) for fingerprint analysis of different batches of herbal drugs and samples from various suppliers of Xanthii Fructus and Scrophulariae Radix were critically examined. The decoctions were prepared according to traditional rules, while the granules were dissolved in water in accordance with actual regulations. Furthermore, organic extracts of the plant material were examined and compared with aqueous extracts. Results: It could be demonstrated, that in some cases, there are remarkable differences in the specific composition between granules from different suppliers, the classical aqueous decoction and the organic extract used for the HPTLC fingerprinting. On the other hand, few examples exist for good comparability of decoctions and commercial granules. Conclusion: After critical evaluation of the above results, it can be questioned, if there is a so?called phytoequivalence between decoctions and commercial granules for prescription used in TCM practice.

关键词： Granules for prescription phytoequivalence quality control quality monographs Scrophulariae Radix Xanthii Fructus

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Impact of photocatalytic remediation of pollutants on urban air quality

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 37-47页

作者： Christian GEORGE Anne BEELDENS Fotios BARMPAS Jean-Francois DOUSSIN Giuseppe MANGANELLI Hartmut HERRMANN jorg KLEFFMANN Abdelwahid MELLOUKI Universite Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon Villeurbanne F-69626 France Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) Woluwedal 42-1200 Brussels Belgium Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Box 483 GR 54124 Thessaloniki Greece LISA UMR CNRS 7583 Universite Paris Est Creteil et Universite Paris Diderot Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Crrteil 94010 France 5 CTG Italcementi Group Via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy CTG Italcementi Group Via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie / School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universitat Wuppertal (BUW) 42119 Wuppertal Germany Leibniz-Institut fur Troposphairenforschunge.V. (TROPOS) Atmospheric Chemistry Department 04318 Leipzig Germany Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement (ICARE) CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC IC Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique Orleans 457071 France

In the recent years, photocatalytic self-cleaning and ＂depolluting＂ materials have been suggested as a remediation technology mainly for NOx and aromatic VOCs in urban areas. A number of products incorporating the aforementioned technology have been made commercially available with the aim to improve urban air quality. These commercial products are based on the photocatalytic properties of a thin layer of TiO2 at the surface of the material （such as glass, pavement, etc.） or embedded in paints or concrete. The use of TiO2 photocatalysts as an emerging air pollution control technology has been reported in many locations worldwide. However, up to now, the effectiveness measured in situ and theexpected positive impact on air quality of this relatively new technology has only been demonstrated in a limited manner. Assessing and demonstrating the effectiveness of these depolluting techniques in real scale applications aims to create a real added value, in terms of policy making （i.e., implementing air quality strategies） and economics （by providing a demonstration of the actual performance of a new technique）.

关键词： Photocatalysis Air pollution Depollution efficiency NOx VOC Air quality abatement and management

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Responses of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Composition to Moisture Regimes in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Fertilization Practices

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 323-331页

作者： LI Weitao WU Meng LIU Ming JIANG Chunyu CHEN Xiaofen Yakov KUZYAKOV jorg RINKLEBE LI Zhongpei State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of Gottingen 37073Gottingen (Germany) Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal University 420049 Kazan (Russia) Agro-Technology Institute RUDN University 117198 Moscow (Russia) University of Wuppertal School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute of Foundation Engineering Water- and Waste- Management Soil- and Groundwater-Management Pauluskirchstrafle 7 42285t Wuppertal (Germany) Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University Seoul 05006 (Korea)

The effects of fertilization on activity and composition of soil microbial community depend on nutrient and water availability;however,the combination of these factors on the response of microorganisms was seldom *** study investigated the responses of soil microbial community and enzyme activities to changes in moisture along a gradient of soil fertility formed within a long-term(24 years)field ***(0–20 cm)were sampled from the plots under four fertilizer treatments:i)unfertilized control(CK),ii)organic manure(M),iii)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK),and iv)NPK plus M(NPK+M).The soils were incubated at three moisture levels:constant submergence,five submerging-draining cycles(S-D cycles),and constant moisture content at 40%water-holding capacity(low moisture).Compared with CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon(SOC) by 30.1%–36.3%,total N by 27.3%–38.4%,available N by 35.9%–56.4%,available P by 61.4%–440.9%,and total P by 28.6%–102.9%.Soil fertility buffered the negative effects of moisture on enzyme activities and microbial community *** activities decreased in response to submergence and S-D cycles versus low *** with low moisture,S-D cycles increased total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)and actinomycete,fungal,and bacterial *** increased level of PLFAs in the unfertilized soil after five S-D cycles was greater than that in the fertilized *** in soil microbial properties responding to moisture separated CK from the long-term fertilization *** coefficients of variation of microbial properties were negatively correlated with SOC,total P,and available *** with higher fertility maintained the original microbial properties more stable in response to changes in moisture compared to low-fertility soil.

关键词： microbial property phospholipid fatty acids soil fertility submergence submerging-draining cycle

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无机粘结剂体系领域的进步

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铸造 2016年第5期65卷 431-435页

作者： JENS muller HEINZ Deters MARTIN Oberleiter HENNING Zupan HANNES Lincke RONJA Resch jorg Korschgen AXEL Kasperowski 亚世科化学有限公司德国希尔登

INOTEC的诸多优点已经得到充分的证实——制芯无气味,浇注过程中气味小,显著减少设备和模具清洁工作因而提高产量和生产率,冷却凝固快因而提高铸件质量。尽管如此,无机粘结剂体系将始终面对以现有技术如冷芯盒法为标准的评价。因为过去... 详细信息

INOTEC的诸多优点已经得到充分的证实——制芯无气味,浇注过程中气味小,显著减少设备和模具清洁工作因而提高产量和生产率,冷却凝固快因而提高铸件质量。尽管如此,无机粘结剂体系将始终面对以现有技术如冷芯盒法为标准的评价。因为过去有人批评使用无机粘结剂的铸件表面光洁度不如使用有机粘结剂,而且浇注后溃散性较差。但是,近期的发展证明无机粘结剂已有了明显的改善,在某些应用中甚至表现出了额外的优化潜力。利用新开发的新一代INOTEC技术,即使在极易粘砂的区域如浇道区,也能实现工艺稳定,并且不需要额外的砂芯涂料。该体系为100%无机,且不会在芯盒中留下任何附着沉积。此外,浇注过程中不会产生烟气。相比之下,使用传统方法如冷芯盒法制造的铸件表现出明显相对较差的表面,这也表明INOTECTM不仅仅只是一种替代品。过去,使用无机粘结剂时水套芯的落砂往往是个挑战,尤其是当落砂设备的自由度很小时。INOTECTM WJ4000促进剂有助于明显改善落砂性能,现在,即便是复杂精细的水套芯也能在浇注后安全地从铸件上去除。其他进一步的改进包括如增强了抗湿性,以及可用于轻金属铸造以外的领域,这些都在缩小无机粘结剂体系与传统有机粘结剂体系的差距。与以往相比,用于研究体系性能的最新技术设备和对运行工艺日益加深的理解催生了更高效的新粘结剂配方,并且更快地克服技术局限。虽然未来对于无机和有机粘结剂还存在着各种挑战,但有一点是确定无疑的:无机粘结剂比有机粘结剂体系更加环保。T譈V德国莱茵对在冷芯盒法和INOTEC进行了生命周期对比评价后明确了这一点。

关键词：无机粘结剂落砂有机粘结剂冷芯盒

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Effects of Exposure to GSM Mobile Phone Base Station Signals on Salivary Cortisol,Alpha-Amylase,and Immunoglobulin A

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期23卷 199-207页

作者： CHRISTOPH AUGNER GERHARD W.HACKER GERD OBERFELD MATTHIAS FLORIAN WOLFGANG HITZL jorg HUTTER GERNOT PAUSER IGGMB-Research Institute for Frontier Questions of Medicine and Biotechnology Salzburg Federal Hospital-University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria Public Health Department Salzburg SalzburgAustria Research office Paracelsus Medical Private UniversityComma SalzburgAustria University Clinic of Surgery Salzburg Federal Hospital University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria University Clinic for Anesthesiology Perioperative Medicine and General Intensive CareSalzburg Federal Hospital-University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria

Objective The present study aimed to test whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields （RF-EMF） emitted by mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A （IgA）, and cortisol levels. Methods Fifty seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three different experimental scenarios （22 participants to scenario 1, 26 to scenario 2, and 9 to scenario 3）. Each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions. The main RF-EMF source was a GSM-900-MHz antenna located at the outer wall of the building. In scenarios 1 and 2, the first, third, and fifth sessions were ＂low＂（median power flux density 5.2 μW/m^2） exposure. The second session was ＂high＂（2126.8 μW/m^2）, and the fourth session was ＂medium＂（153.6 μW/m^2） in scenario 1, and vice versa in scenario 2. Scenario 3 had four ＂low＂ exposure conditions, followed by a ＂high＂ exposure condition. Biomedical parameters were collected by saliva samples three times a session. Exposure levels were created by shielding curtains. Results In scenario 3 from session 4 to session 5 （from ＂low＂ to ＂high＂ exposure）, an increase of cortisol was detected, while in scenarios 1 and 2, a higher concentration of alpha-amylase related to the baseline was identified as compared to that in scenario 3. IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure. Conclusions RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP-gnidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.

关键词： GSM base stations Mobile phone Salivary IgA Alpha amylase Cortisol Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)

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Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) expression in maturing testis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2004年第3期6卷 195-203页

作者： Alain Wunsch Kai Strothmann Manuela Simoni jorg Gromoll Eberhard Nieschlag C.Marc Luetjens Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University D-48129 MunsterGermanyInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the UniversityD-48129 MunsterGermanyInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the UniversityD-48129 MunsterGermanyInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the UniversityD-48129 MunsterGermanyInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the UniversityD-48129 MunsterGermanyInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the UniversityD-48129 MunsterGermany

Aim: Although epidermal growth factor receptors are expressed in the testes, whether they signal through epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) is unknown. Here we evaluated the expression pattern of Eps8 in the maturing testis. Methods: The expression of Eps8 was analysed by Northern blotting, immunocy-tochemistry and Western blotting in primary Sertoli cell cultures and in testicular tissue of rodents. Results: Eps8 is specifically expressed in gonocytes, Leydig and Sertoli cells of the neonatal rats and in Leydig and Sertoli cells of the adult rats and mice. Although gonocytes express Eps8, no signal was found in prepubertal or mature spermatogonia and the expression level of Eps8 in Sertoli cells increases with age. No regulation of Eps8 expression in primary immature rat Sertoli cells by Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was detected by Western blotting. Conclusion: Eps8 seems to be involved in the growth factor-controlled regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the seminiferous epithelium. Eps8 is a possible marker for gonocytes and in Sertoli cells it could be involved in crosstalk with other growth factor pathways.

关键词： gene expression isoform Sertoli cell gonocyte

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Acid tolerance of lactate-utilizing bacteria of the order Bacteroidales contributes to prevention of ruminal acidosis in goats adapted to a high-concentrate diet

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 130-140页

作者： Zhongyan Lu Lingmeng Kong Shenhao Ren jorg RAschenbach Hong Shen Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Veterinary Physiology Freie Universitat BerlinBerlinGermany Bioinformatics Center Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

The rapid accumulation of organic acids,particularly lactate,has been suggested as the main cause of ruminal acidosis(RA)for ruminants fed high-concentrate *** research has shown that a gradual shift from low-to high-concentrate diets within 4 to 5 weeks effectively reduces the risk for ***,the mechanisms remain *** this study,20 goats were randomly allocated into four groups(n=5)and fed with a diet containing a weekly increasing concentrate portion of 20%,40%,60%,and 80%over 28 *** d 7,14,21,and 28,one group(named C20,C40,C60,and C80 according to the last concentrate level that they received)was killed and the ruminal microbiome was *** acidosis was not detected in any of the goats during the ***,ruminal pH dropped sharply from 6.2 to 5.7(P<0.05)when dietary concentrate increased from 40%to 60%.A combined metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing approach identified that this was linked to a sharp decrease in the abundance and expression of genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase(nLDH),catalyzing the enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to lactate(P<0.01),whereas the expression of two genes encoding NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase(iLDH),catalyzing lactate oxidation to pyruvate,showed no significant concomitant *** and expression alterations for nLDH-and iLDH-encoding genes were attributable to bacteria from Clostridiales and Bacteroidales,*** analyzing the gene profiles of 9 metagenome bins(MAG)with nLDH-encoding genes and 5 MAG with iLDH-encoding genes,we identified primary and secondary active transporters as being the major types of sugar transporter for lactate-producing bacteria(LPB)and lactate-utilizing bacteria(LUB),***,more adenosine triphosphate was required for the phosphorylation of sugars to initiate their catabolic pathways in LPB compared to ***,the low dependence of sugar transport systems and

关键词： Ruminal microbiome Ruminal acidosis Acid tolerance Lactate metabolism

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Improving the haploidization toolbox:Maternal factors take the stage

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 651-653页

作者： Maria Flores-Tornero Helena Sapeta jorg D.Becker Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.daRepublica2780-157OeirasPortugal

Plant breeders have a great interest in obtaining plants that are genetically homogeneous as quickly as possible,with high efficiency and at low *** approaches,including selfing or backcrossing,cannot provide *** technologies,however,offer a solution and are therefore the subject of intensive research,in particular during the last decade.

关键词： breed homogeneous quickly

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Poplar Extrafloral Nectar Is Protected against Plant and Human Pathogenic Fungus

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1157-1159页

作者： María Escalante-Pérez Mario Jaborsky jorg Reinders Oliver Kurzai Rainer Hedrich Peter Ache University Würzburg BiozentrumJulius-von-Sachs-Institut für BiowissenschaftenJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 2D-97082 WürzburgGermany University Regensburg Institute of Functional GenomicsJosef-Engert-Strasse 9D-93053 RegensburgGermany Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Septomics Research CentreBeutenbergstr.11aD-07745 JenaGermany

Dear Editor, Plants secrete nectar to attract mutualistic animals, which predominantly function as pollinators, as in the case of flo- ral nectar, or defenders against herbivores, as in the case of extrafloral nectar （Nicolson et al., 2007）. Because nectars usu- ally represent aqueous solutions containing sugars and other nutrient metabolites （Baker and Baker, 1983）, they are sus- ceptible to infestation by microbial organisms, which can use the nectar-secreting tissues as entry sites to infect the plant. Nectar-secreting tissues thus require an efficient shield against pathogen infections. To date, our knowledge about the way that plants protect their nectar from microorganisms is rather limited. Several reports have focused on ＇defensive chemicals＇,

关键词： Poplar Plant Human Pathogenic Fungus

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