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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.Thomas m.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola m.johannessen Tor I.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. In general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic minimum ice Climate

Brain weight predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog breeds

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew C.Gallup Lea moscatello jorg j.m.m.ssen Psychology Program Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Polytechnic InstituteUticaNY13502USA Department of Psychology SUNY College at OneontaOneontaNY13820USA Animal Ecology Group Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht CH3584The Netherlands

Previous research shows that yawning enhances intracranial circulation and regulates brain temperature. Consistent with these functional outcomes, yawn duration correlates positively with interspecies variation in brain weight across mammals, with robust relationships documented at both the taxonomic rank of class and the more restricted scale of family (e.g., Felidae). This study provides the first investigation into whether differences in brain weight within a single species, domesticated dogs Canis lupus familiaris, can predict intraspecific variation in yawn duration. measures of yawn duration were obtained from public videos available online and then paired with previously published brain and body weight data of different dog breeds. The final sample consisted of 272 yawns from 198 dogs across 23 breeds. Consistent with recent studies, we find robust correlations between yawn duration and brain weight across breeds. moreover, these correlations remain significant after controlling for differences in body weight across breeds. These findings replicate and extend upon past work in this area and provide further support that yawns evolved to serve an important and large-scale neurophysiologic function.

关键词： brain cooling brain size cortical arousal neuroanatomy

On self-affine tiles that are homeomorphic to a ball

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Science China mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 45-76页

作者： jorg m.Thuswaldner Shu-Qin Zhang mathematics and Statistics University of LeobenLeoben 8700Austria School of mathematics and Statistics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Let m be a 3×3 integer matrix which is expanding in the sense that each of its eigenvalues is greater than 1 in modulus and let D?Z^(3)be a digit set containing|det m|*** the unique nonempty compact set T=T(m,D)defined by the set equation mT=T+D is called an integral self-affine tile if its interior is *** D is of the form D={0,v,...,(|det m|-1)v},we say that T has a collinear digit *** present paper is devoted to the topology of integral self-affine tiles with collinear digit *** particular,we prove that a large class of these tiles is homeomorphic to a closed 3-dimensional ***,we show that in this case,T carries a natural CW complex structure that is defined in terms of the intersections of T with its neighbors in the lattice tiling{T+z:z∈Z^(3)}induced by *** CW complex structure is isomorphic to the CW complex defined by the truncated octahedron.

关键词： self-afine sets tiles and tilings low-dimensional topology truncated octahedron

CFD based extraction column design-Chances and challenges

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 259-263页

作者： mark W.Hlawitschka menwer m.Attarakilh Samer S.Alzyod Hans-jorg Bart Chair of Separation Science and Technology POB 3049TU KaiserslauternKaiserslautern 67653Germany Center for Computational and mathematical modelling(Cm2) TU KaiserslauternKaiserslautern 67653Germany University of jordan Department of Chemical Engineering11942 AmmanJordan

This paper shows that one-dimensional （I-D） [and three-dimensional （3-D） computational fluid dynamics （CFD）] simulations can replace the state-of-the-art usage of pseudo-homogeneous dispersion or back mixing models. This is based on standardized lab-scale cell experiments for the determination of droplet rise, breakage, coalescence and mass transfer parameters in addition to a limited number of additional mini-plant experiments with original fluids. Alternatively, the hydrodynamic parameters can also be derived using more sophisticated 3- D CFD simulations. Computational 1-D modeling served as a basis to replace pilot-plant experiments in any column geometry. The combination of 3-D CFD simulations with droplet population balance models （DPBm） increased the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulations and gave information about the local droplet size. The high computational costs can be reduced by open source CFD codes when using a flexible mesh generation. First combined simulations using a three way coupled CFD/DPBm/mass-transfer solver pave the way for a safer design of industrial-sized columns, where no correlations are available.

关键词： CFD DPBm Column design

Hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization and conversion of technical lignin-An introductory review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： malte Otromke Robin j.White jorg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology(IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Sustainable Catalytic materials Group Division Hydrogen TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr.279110 FreiburgGermany GmbH Group Process TechnologyFrankfurt am MainGermany

Lignin represents the most significant potential source of sustainable aromatic ***,the vast majority of technical lignin could be sourced from industrial paper production and in particular the Kraft process,where it is conventionally combusted for chemicals recovery and heat generation(*** plant operation).While in recent years several efforts have concerned the conversion of native lignin(*** found in nature)during biomass processing,there has also been significant focus on the“Base Catalyzed”conversion of technical *** process is of significant interest,since it could be potentially integrated into existing Kraft mill *** following review paper focuses on the development of the hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization(HBCD)of lignin,as a basis to produce valuable chemical *** will be placed on NaOH catalyzed reactions in the aqueous phase,as this approach is considered the most *** is placed on reaction conditions and characterization of monomeric aromatic compounds from the HBCD ***,as largest product fraction,is also considered,however,these are seldom analyzed in detail in the literature and ideas on further use are *** review also addresses findings in literature concerning the assessment of the solid,liquid,and gas product streams arising from *** this paper,process conditions for HBCD reactions can be derived and it is shown that the solid phase has a high potential for further valorization and downstream processing.

关键词： catalyzed polymerization lignin

Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-uniform Pressurized Functionally Graded Cylinder with Variable Thickness Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT) and Perturbation method

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Chinese journal of mechanical Engineering 2015年第6期28卷 1149-1156页

作者： KHOSHGOFTAR m j mIRZAALI m j RAHImI G H Faculty of mechanical Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Department of mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Arak University Department of mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano

Recently application of functionally graded materials（FGms） have attracted a great deal of interest. These materials are composed of various materials with different micro-structures which can vary spatially in FGms. Such composites with varying thickness and non-uniform pressure can be used in the aerospace engineering. Therefore, analysis of such composite is of high importance in engineering problems. Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded cylinder with variable thickness under non-uniform pressure is considered. First order shear deformation theory and total potential energy approach is applied to obtain the governing equations of non-homogeneous cylinder. Considering the inner and outer solutions, perturbation series are applied to solve the governing equations. Outer solution for out of boundaries and more sensitive variable in inner solution at the boundaries are considered. Combining of inner and outer solution for near and far points from boundaries leads to high accurate displacement field distribution. The main aim of this paper is to show the capability of matched asymptotic solution for different non-homogeneous cylinders with different shapes and different non-uniform pressures. The results can be used to design the optimum thickness of the cylinder and also some properties such as high temperature residence by applying non-homogeneous material.

关键词： non-homogenous cylinder First order Shear Deformation Theory matched asymptotic method perturbation method functionally graded material

Frequency-dependent viscoelasticity effects on the wave attenuation performance of multi-layered periodic foundations

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 407-424页

作者： m.SAFI m.VAKILIFARD m.j.mAHmOODI Faculty of Civil Water&Environmental EngineeringShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Faculty of mechanical and Energy Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

In this paper,layered periodic foundations(LPFs)are numerically examined for their responses to longitudinal and transverse modes in the time and frequency *** different unit-cells,i.e.,2-layer,4-layer,and 6-layer unit-cells,comprising concrete/rubber,concrete/rubber/steel/rubber,and concrete/rubber/steel/rubber/lead/rubber materials,respectively,are taken into ***,the viscoelasticity behavior of the rubber is modeled with two factors,i.e.,a frequency-independent(FI)loss factor and a linear frequency-dependent(FD)loss *** the extraction of the complex dispersion curves and the identification of the band gaps(BGs),the simulations of wave transmission in the time and frequency domains are performed using the COmSOL *** parametric studies evaluate the effects of the rubber viscoelasticity models on the dispersion curves and the wave transmission for the longitudinal and transverse *** results show that considering the rubber viscoelasticity enhances the wave attenuation ***,the transverse-mode damping is more sensitive to the viscoelasticity model than its longitudinal *** 6-layer unit-cell LPF exhibits the lowest BG,ranging from 4.8 Hz to 6.5 Hz.

关键词： layered metamaterial periodic foundation complex dispersion curve wave transmission diagram