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Artificial gauge field switching using orbital angular momentum modes in optical waveguides

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 577-583页

作者： Christina Jorg Gerard Queralto Mark Kremer Gerard Pelegri Julian Schulz Alexander Szameit Georg von Freymann jordi Mompartand Veronica Ahufinger Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern67663 KaiserslauternGermany Departament de Fisica Universitat Auto’noma de BarcelonaE-08193 BellaterraSpain Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-StraBe 2318059 RostockGermany Department of Physics and SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM 67663 KaiserslauternGermany

The discovery of artificial gauge fields controlling the dynamics of uncharged particles that otherwise elude the influence of standard electromagnetic fields has revolutionised the field of quantum ***,developing new techniques to induce these fields is essential to boost quantum simulation of photonic ***,we experimentally demonstrate the generation of an artificial gauge field in a photonic lattice by modifying the topological charge of a light beam,overcoming the need to modify the geometry along the evolution or impose external *** particular,we show that an effective magnetic flux naturally appears when a light beam carrying orbital angular momentum is injected into a waveguide lattice with a diamond chain *** demonstrate the existence of this flux,we measure an effect that derives solely from the presence of a magnetic flux,the Aharonov-Bohm caging effect,which is a localisation phenomenon of wavepackets due to destructive ***,we prove the possibility of switching on and off artificial gauge fields just by changing the topological charge of the input state,paving the way to accessing different topological regimes in a single structure,which represents an important step forward for optical quantum simulation.

关键词： gauge momentum orbital

Current trends in access to treatment for hepatitis B in immigrants vs non-immigrants

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第5期8卷 362-366,I0002页

作者： Mireia Miquel Albert Pardo Montse Forné Gemma Martínez-Alpin AdriàRodríguez-Castellano Meritxell Casas MercèRosinach MercèRoget Blai Dalmau Rocío Temiño Joan Carlos Quer jordi Sanchez-Delgado jordi Ortiz Mercedes Vergara Liver Unit Gastroenterology DepartmentParc TaulíUniversity HospitalInstitut d’Investigacio i InnovacióParc TaulíI3PTAutonomous University of BarcelonaSabadellSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Gastroenterology Department University Hospital Joan XXIIITarragonaSpain Liver Unit Gastroenterology DepartmentUniversity Hospital Mútua TerrassaBarcelonaSpain Liver Unit Gastroenterology DepartmentConsorci Sanitari de TerrassaTerrassaSpainó

Background:Universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus(HBV)and migratory movements have changed the demographic characteristics of this disease in Spain and in ***,we evaluated the characteristics of the disease and the possible differences according to origin(immigrants vs non-immigrants)and access to ***:This is a multicenter cross-sectional study(June 2014 to May 2015)in which outpatients with a positive HBsAg were seen and followed in four Hepatology *** and clinical data and indication and access to treatment were collected in two different regions of Catalonia(Spain)where there are no barriers to treatment due to a comprehensive coverage under the National Health ***:A total of 951 patients were evaluated(48.1%men).Of these,46.6%were immigrants(58.7%of them were born in Africa)and were significantly younger compared to *** proportions of patients with alcohol consumption,being overweight,and other indicators of metabolic co-morbidities were significantly higher in *** the 937 patients receiving HBeAg examination,91.7%were *** HBeAg-positive infection was significantly higher in immigrants(3.9%vs 0.6%,P=0.001)and chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis was higher non-immigrants(31.7%vs 21.4%,P<0.001).Not only was the proportion of patients who met treatment criteria significantly higher among nonimmigrants(38.4%vs 29.2%,P=0.003),but also the proportion of those with indication of effectively receiving therapy at the time of data collection(83.2%vs 57.8%,P<0.001).Conclusions:The immigrant population with HBV is younger and has a lower prevalence of metabolic co-morbidities and a higher frequency of chronic HBeAg *** having access to care and an indication for treatment,some do not get adequately treated due to several factors including local adaptation that precludes access to treatment.

关键词： hepatitis B prevalence immigration access to treatment

Potential medicinal plants involved in inhibiting 3CL^(pro) activity:A practical alternate approach to combating COVID-19

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第6期20卷 488-496页

作者： Fan Yang Xiao-lan Jiang Akash Tariq Sehrish Sadia Zeeshan Ahmed jordi Sardans Muhammad Aleem Riaz Ullah Rainer W.Bussmann The Medical Center of General Practice Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830041Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Department of Biological Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesRavi CampusPattoki 55300Pakistan Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Global Ecology UnitCentre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193CataloniaSpain Department of Pharmacognosy College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Ethnobotany Institute of Botanyllia State UniversityTbilisi 0105Georgia

At present,a variety of vaccines have been approved,and existing antiviral drugs are being tested to find an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,no standardized treatment has yet been approved by the World Health *** virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease(3CL^(pro))from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV in the host cells,is one potential pharmacological target for the development of antiSARS *** search engines,such as Web of Science,Google Scholar,Scopus and PubMed,were used to retrieve data on the traditional uses of medicinal plants and their inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV 3CL^(pro).Various pure compounds,including polyphenols,terpenoids,chalcones,alkaloids,biflavonoids,flavanones,anthraquinones and glycosides,have shown potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^(pro) activity with 50% inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values ranging from 2-44μg/***,most of these active compounds,including xanthoangelol E(isolated from Angelica keiskei),dieckol 1(isolated from Ecklonia cava),amentoflavone(isolated from Torreya nucifera),celastrol,pristimerin,tingenone and iguesterin(isolated from Tripterygium regelii),tannic acid(isolated from Camellia sinensis),and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate,3-isotheaflav1in-3 gallate and dihydrotanshinone I(isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza),had IC_(50)values of less than 15μg/*** mechanistic studies of several active compounds revealed that their mode of inhibition was dose-dependent and competitive,with K_(i)values ranging from 2.4-43.8μmol/*** the significance of plant-based compounds and the many promising results obtained,there is still need to explore the phytochemical and mechanistic potentials of plants and their *** medicinal plants could serve as an effective inexpensive nutraceutical for the general public to help manage COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus 3C proteases Medicinal plants Plant-derived compounds Drug development

Positive effect of spring advance on the diet quality of an alpine herbivore

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 78-92页

作者： Johan ESPUNYES Emmanuel SERRANO Sara CHAVES jordi BARTOLOMÉ Pierre MENAUT Elena ALBANELL Pascal MARCHAND Kévin FOULCHÉ Mathieu GAREL Wildlife Ecology and Health group(WE&H)i Servei d’Ecopatologia de la Fauna Salvatge(SEFaS) Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group(WildCoM) Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Research and Conservation Department Zoo de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Group of Ruminant Research(G2R) Department of Animal and Food ScienceFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain French Agency for Biodiversity Direction Régionale OccitanieService d’Appui aux Acteurs et Mobilisation du TerritoireVilleneuve de RivièreFrance French Agency for Biodiversity Direction de la Recherche et Appui ScientifiqueUnitéOngulés SauvagesGièresFrance

Changes in vegetation phenology related to global warming are having alarming effects on the life history traits of many herbivore *** changes are particularly critical in alpine ecosystems,where strong climate limitations on plant growth make seasonal synchronization imperative for the growth,reproduction and survival of ***,despite the pivotal role of resource-use strategies on the performances of such species,few studies have explicitly assessed the mechanistic impact of climate change on their *** aimed to fill this gap by studying the effect of spring onset on the dietary composition and quality of a medium-size alpine herbivore while considering density-dependent processes and age-and sex-specific differences in foraging *** an exceptional,long-term(24 years)direct individual-based dietary monitoring of a Pyrenean chamois population(Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica),we showed that ongoing earlier onsets of spring are leading to an earlier access to high-quality forage and therefore a higher diet quality at a fixed date,without apparent changes in diet *** also showed that at high densities,intraspecific competition reduced diet quality by driving animals to feed more on woody plants and less on nutritious forbs and *** assessing the mechanistic effects of global warming on the dietary patterns of species at the center of trophic networks,this study is an essential step for predictive models aiming at understanding the ongoing ecosystem consequences of the global climatic crisis.

关键词： cuticle microhistological analysis diet composition near-infrared spectroscopy Rupicapra pyrenaica

Science Letters:Quantification of Helicobacter pylori levels in soil samples from public playgrounds in Spain

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第1期11卷 27-29页

作者： Leonardo Martín PéREZ Francesc CODONY Daniela LóPEZ LEYTON Mariana FITTIPALDI Bárbara ADRADOS jordi MORATó Health and Environmental Laboratory (MSM-Lab)-Aquasost UNESCO Chair in SustainabilityUiversitat Politècnica de Catalunya Environmental Science Center EULA-Chile University of Concepcion

Helicobacter pylori are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria with a high estimated level of infection in the world populations, but a majority of the infected persons are asymptomatic. This pathogen has been classified by the World Health Organization as a class I carcinogen and recognized as the causal agent of most peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis that might lead to stomach cancer. Although not all the transmission pathways of these bacteria into humans have been propedy identified, enough data have suggested that the oral-oral or fecal-oral ones are the main infection routes. Helicobacterpylori have been detected in non-treated water and in drinking water, which suggested that water might be an important infection source. As childhood is the critical period of infection, the aim of the present work was to examine the presence of Helicobacterpylori in soil samples from public playing areas of Spanish parks.

关键词： Heficobacterpylori Real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Environmental soil samples

Growth plasticity of conifers did not avoid declining resilience to soil and atmospheric droughts during the 20th century

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第2期10卷 238-251页

作者： Tong Zheng jordi Martínez-vilalta Raúl García-Valdés Antonio Gazol J.Julio Camarero Changcheng Mu Maurizio Mencuccini Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040China CREAF E08193 Bellaterra(Cerdanyola del Vallès)CataloniaSpain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona E08193 Bellaterra(Cerdanyola del Vallès)CataloniaSpain Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya(CTFC) E-25280SolsonaSpain Department of Biology GeologyPhysics and Inorganic ChemistryRey Juan Carlos University28933MóstolesMadridSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza50059Spain ICREA 08010BarcelonaSpain

Background:Plasticity in response to environmental drivers can help trees cope with ***,our understanding of the importance of plasticity and physiological adjustments in trees under global change is ***:We used the International Tree-Ring Data Bank(ITRDB)to examine 20th century growth responses in conifer trees during(resistance)and following(resilience)years of severe soil and atmospheric droughts occurring in isolation or as compound *** resilience indices were calculated using observed growth divided by expected growth to avoid spurious correlations,in which the expected values were obtained by the autoregressive moving average(ARIMA)*** used high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit(VPD)to select years of atmospheric drought and low annual values of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)to select years with soil *** acquired the sensitivities(i.e.,the slopes of the relationships)by fitting the resilience indices as a function of environmental drivers,and assessed how these sensitivities changed over time for different types of drought events using linear mixed *** also checked whether plasticity in growth responses was sufficient to prevent long-term trends of growth reductions during or after severe *** acknowledge that by focusing on the response of surviving trees from the ITRDB we are potentially biasing our results towards higher resilience,as stand level responses(e.g.,mortality)may result in lowered competition after the disturbance ***:Sensitivities of resilience to VPD and SPEI changed throughout the 20th century,with the directions of these changes often reversing in the second half of the *** the 1961–2010 period,changing sensitivities had positive effects on resilience,especially following years of high-VPD and compound events,avoiding growth losses that would have occurred if sensitivities had remained *** sensitivity changes,resilience

关键词： Tree rings Growth Drought Vapor pressure deficit Plasticity Acclimation

Genetically-and environmentally-dependent processes drive interspecific and intraspecific divergence in the Chinese relict endemic genus Dipteronia

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 585-599页

作者： Tao Zhou Xiaodan Chen jordi López-Pujol Guoqing Bai Sonia Herrando-Moraira Neus Nualart Xiao Zhang Yuemei Zhao Guifang Zhao Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China(Ministry of Education) College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061China College of Life Science Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuanChina Botanic Institute of Barcelona(IBB) CSIC-CMCNBBarcelona 08038CataloniaSpain Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Espíritu Santo(UEES)Samborondón 091650Ecuador Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi ProvinceXi'an 710061China School of Biological Sciences Guizhou Education UniversityGuiyangChina

China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern *** research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late Neogene climate *** of these relict lineages is Dipteronia,an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the ***,we investigated the genetic variability,demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species(Dipteronia sinensis and ***).Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDNA regions,two single copy nuclear genes and 15 simple sequence repeat *** genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space,ecological niche modeling,and landscape connectivity *** found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological *** the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in ***,the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and,particularly,a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling,likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to *** study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic,but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived,evolved,and diversified.

关键词： Dipteronia Interspecific/intraspecific divergence Genetic structure Climatic niche divergence Dispersal corridor

Determination of double-and single-stranded DNA breaks in bovine sperm is predictive of their fertilizing capacity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 134-151页

作者： jordi Ribas‑Maynou Ariadna Delgado‑Bermúdez Yentel Mateo‑Otero Estel Vinolas Carlos O.Hidalgo WSteven Ward Marc Yeste Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Faculty of SciencesInstitute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaC/Maria Aurèlia Campany69ES‑17003 GironaSpain. Unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaES‑17003 GironaSpain. Institute for Biogenesis Research Department of AnatomyBiochemistry&PhysiologyJohn A.Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA. Department of Animal Selection and Reproduction The Regional Agri-Food Research and Development Service of Asturias(SERIDA)ES‑33394 GijónSpain. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) ES‑08010 BarcelonaSpain.

Background:The analysis of chromatin integrity has become an important determinant of sperm *** frozenthawed bovine sperm,neither the sequence of post-thaw injury events nor the dynamics of different types of sperm DNA breaks are well *** aim of the present work was to describe such sperm degradation aftermath focusing on DNA damage dynamics,and to assess if this parameter can predict pregnancy rates in ***:A total of 75 cryopreserved ejaculates from 25 Holstein bulls were evaluated at two post-thawing periods(0-2 h and 2-4 h),analyzing global and double-stranded DNA damage through alkaline and neutral Comet assays,chromatin deprotamination and decondensation,sperm motility,viability,acrosomal status,and intracellular levels of total ROS,superoxides and *** of 59,605 females was conducted using sperm from the same bulls,thus obtaining the non-return to estrus rates after 90 d(NRR).Results showed an increased rate of double-stranded breaks in the first period(0-2 h:1.29±1.01%/h vs.2-4 h:0.13±1.37%/h;P0.05).Finally,whereas no correlations between bull fertility and any dynamic parameter were found,there were correlations between the NRR and the basal percentage of highly-damaged sperm assessed with the alkaline Comet(Rs=-0.563,P=0.003),between NRR and basal progressive motility(Rs=0.511,P=0.009),and between NRR and sperm with high ROS at 4 h post-thaw(Rs=0.564,P=0.003).Conclusion:The statistically significant correlations found between intracellular ROS,sperm viability,sperm motility,DNA damage

关键词： Cattle Chromatin Comet test DNA damage Fertility Sperm Sperm quality

Contribution of the ear and the flag leaf to grainfilling in durum wheat inferred from the carbon isotope signature: Genotypic and growing conditions effects

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 444-454页

作者： Rut Sanchez-Bragado Abdelhalim Elazab Bangwei Zhou Maria Dolors Serret jordi Bort Maria Teresa Nieto-Taladriz José Luis Araus Unit of Plant Physiology Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)

The ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in C3cereals. However, the intrusive nature of most of the available methodologies prevents reaching conclusive results in this regard. This study compares the carbon isotope composition（d13C） in its natural abundance in the water‐soluble fractions of the flag leaf blade and the ear with the d13C of mature kernels to assess the relative contribution of both organs to grain filling in durum wheat（Triticum turgidum L. ***）. The relative contribution of the ear was higher in landraces compared to modern cultivars, as well as in response to nitrogen fertilization and water stress. Such genotypic and environmentally driven differences were associated with changes in harvest index（HI）, with the relative contribution of the ear being negatively associated with HI. In the case of the genotypic differences, the lower relative contribution of the ear in modern cultivars compared with landraces is probably associated with the appearance in the former of a certain amount of source limitation driven by a higher HI. In fact, the relative contribution of the ear was far more responsive to changes in HI in modern cultivars compared with landraces.

关键词： Carbon isotope discrimination ear flag leaf grain filling harvest index photosynthesis