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Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 173-210页

作者： Md Entaz Bahar Hyun joon Kim deok Ryong Kim department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science Gyeongsang National UniversityCollege of MedicineJinjuSouth Korea department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science Gyeongsang National UniversityCollege of MedicineJinjuSouth Korea

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors,a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis,chemoresistance,and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to *** most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,encompassing the RAS–RAF–MAPK kinase(MEK)–extracellular signal-related kinase(ERK)*** kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway,responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets,such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK,which control numerous cellular and physiological processes,including organism development,cell cycle control,cell proliferation and differentiation,cell survival,and *** in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as *** inhibitors(RAFi)combined with MEK blockers represent an FdAapproved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers,including melanoma,non-small cell lung carcinoma,and thyroid ***,the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important ***,an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process,plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in ***,targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant *** this review,we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and ***,we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic ***,this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.

关键词： RAF insight mechanism

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durable hierarchical phosphorus‐doped biphase MoS_(2)electrocatalysts with enhanced H^(*)adsorption

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 104-114页

作者： Yongteng Qian Jianmin Yu Zhiyi Lyu Qianwen Zhang Tae Hyeong Lee Huan Pang dae joon Kang College of pharmacy Jinhua PolytechnicJinhuaZhejiangChina department of physics Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea International Collaborative Laboratory of 2d Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsuChina

phase engineering is an efficient strategy for enhancing the kinetics of electrocatalytic ***,phase engineering was employed to prepare high‐performance phosphorous‐doped biphase(1T/2H)MoS_(2)(P‐BMS)nanoflakes for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The doping of MoS_(2)with P atoms modifies its electronic structure and optimizes its electrocatalytic reaction kinetics,which significantly enhances its electrical conductivity and structural stability,which are verified by various characterization tools,including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy,and extended X‐ray absorption fine ***,the hierarchically formed flakes of P‐BMS provide numerous catalytic surface‐active sites,which remarkably enhance its HER *** optimized P‐BMS electrocatalysts exhibit low overpotentials(60 and 72 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2))in H_(2)SO_(4)(0.5 M)and KOH(1.0 M),*** mechanism of improving the HER activity of the material was systematically studied using density functional theory calculations and various electrochemical characterization *** study has shown that phase engineering is a promising strategy for enhancing the H*adsorption of metal sulfides.

关键词： 1T/2H MoS_(2) density functional theory electrocatalysts phase engineering phosphorous doping

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Facile synthesis of composite polyferric magnesium-silicate-sulfate coagulant with enhanced performance in water and wastewater

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International Journal of minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 574-584页

作者： Xiangtao Huo Rongxia Chai Lizheng Gou Mei Zhang min Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The coagulation process is a widely applied technology in water and wastewater *** composite polyferric mag-nesium-silicate-sulfate(PFMS)coagulants were synthesized using Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O,Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),and MgSO_(4) as raw materials in this *** effects of aging time,Fe:Si:Mg,and OH:M molar ratios(M represents the metal ions)on the coagulation performance of the as-pre-pared PFMS were systematically investigated to obtain optimum *** results showed that PFMS coagulant exhibited good co-agulation properties in the treatment of simulated humic acid-kaolin surface water and reactive dye *** the molar ratio was controlled at Fe:Si:Mg=2:2:1 and OH:M=0.32,the obtained PFMS presented excellent stability and a high coagulation *** removal efficiency of ultraviolet UV254 was 99.81%,and the residual turbidity of the surface water reached 0.56 NTU at a dosage of 30 mg·L^(-1).After standing the coagulant for 120 d in the laboratory,the removal efficiency of UV254 and residual turbidity of the surface wa-ter were 88.12%and 0.68 NTU,respectively,which accord with the surface water treatment *** addition,the coagulation performance in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater was greatly improved by combining the advantages of magnesium and iron *** with polyferric silicate-sulfate(PFS)and polymagnesium silicate-sulfate(PMS),the PFMS coagulant played a better decolor-ization role within the ph range of 7-13.

关键词： polyferric-magnesium-silicate-sulfate composite coagulants water and wastewater excellent stability high coagulation ef-ficiency decolorization

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Tailoring local structures of atomically dispersed copper sites for highly selective CO_(2) electroreduction

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 79-90页

作者： Kyung‐Jong Noh Byoung joon Park Ying Wang Yejung Choi Sang‐Hoon You Yong‐Tae Kim Kug‐Seung Lee Jeong Woo Han department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Beamline DivisionPohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea

Atomically‐dispersed copper sites coordinated with nitrogen‐doped carbon(Cu–N–C)can provide novel possibilities to enable highly selective and active electrochemical CO_(2) reduction ***,the construction of optimal local electronic structures for nitrogen‐coordinated Cu sites(Cu–N_(4))on carbon remains ***,we synthesized the Cu–N–C catalysts with atomically‐dispersed edge‐hosted Cu–N_(4) sites(Cu–N_(4)C_(8))located in a micropore between two graphitic sheets via a facile method to control the concentration of metal ***‐hosted Cu–N_(4)C_(8) catalysts outperformed the previously reported M–N–C catalysts for CO_(2)‐to‐CO conversion,achieving a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 96%,a CO current density of–8.97 mA cm^(–2) at–0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),and over FECO of 90%from–0.6 to–1.0 V versus *** studies revealed that the micropore of the graphitic layer in edge‐hosted Cu–N_(4)C_(8) sites causes the d‐orbital energy level of the Cu atom to shift upward,which in return decreases the occupancy of antibonding states in the*COOH *** research suggests new insights into tailoring the locally coordinated structure of the electrocatalyst at the atomic scale to achieve highly selective electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： atomic local structure density functional theory electrochemical CO_(2)reduction metal nitrogen‐doped carbon single‐atom catalyst

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Effectively improving the extreme-pressure capacity of a class of intercalated zirconium phosphate materials

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 753-764页

作者： NIU WenXing ZHAO XinRui YUAN min HOU ZhiGuo LIU Lei XU Hong dONG JinXiang Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Product Engineering Cllege of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pingdingshan UniversityPingdingshan 467000China

We studied different long-chain ammonium ions intercalated zirconium phosphate α-ZrP, methylamine intercalated ZrP(MAZrP), tetramethylammonium hydroxide intercalated ZrP(TMAH-ZrP), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide intercalated ZrP(dTAB-ZrP), and stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide intercalated ZrP(STAB-ZrP) as grease co-additives in combination with isobutylene sulfide(SIB). The grease with co-additives displayed excellent extreme-pressure and anti-wear ***, the combination of the longest chain ammonium ion intercalated zirconium phosphate, STAB-ZrP/SIB, had the best tribological properties. In comparison to α-ZrP, the advantage of STAB-ZrP was that it did not form a large area of the dense physical film like α-ZrP on the worn surface, but rather gave the SIB a chance to contact with the fresh metal surface to generate a chemical film. Therefore, the sub-micron physical film and nanoscale chemical film always exist side by side on the contact surface during the friction process. This intercalated α-ZrP/SIB additive has great potential for use in harsh operating conditions.

关键词： intercalatedα-ZrP/SIB physical film chemical film tribological properties

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Microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging:super-resolution,non-destructive metrology for semiconductor devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1098-1111页

作者： Jangryul Park Youngsun Choi Soonyang Kwon Youngjun Lee Jiwoong Kim Jae-joon Kim Jihye Lee Jeongho Ahn Hidong Kwak Yusin Yang Taeyong Jo Myungjun Lee Kwangrak Kim Metrology and Inspection Equipment R&d Team Mechatronics ResearchSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process development department DRAM Process Development TeamSemiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process development department Semiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea

As semiconductor devices shrink and their manufacturing processes advance,accurately measuring in-cell critical dimensions(Cd)becomes increasingly *** test element group(TEG)measurements are becoming inadequate for representing the fine,repetitive patterns in cell *** non-destructive metrology technologies like optical critical dimension(OCd)are limited due to their large spot diameter of approximately 25μm,which impedes their efficacy for detailed in-cell structural ***,there is a pressing need for small-spot and non-destructive metrology *** address this limitation,we demonstrate a microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging(MAHSI)system,specifically designed for small spot optical metrology with *** microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging,this system achieves an optical resolution of 66 nm within a field of view of 5.6μm×5.6μ*** approach effectively breaks the diffraction limit,significantly enhancing the magnification of the *** MAHSI system incorporating hyperspectral imaging with a wavelength range of 400–790 nm,enables the capture of the reflection spectrum at each camera *** achieved pixel resolution,which is equivalent to the measuring spot size,is 14.4 nm/pixel and the magnification is *** MAHSI system enables measurement of local uniformity in critical areas like corners and edges of dRAM cell blocks,areas previously challenging to inspect with conventional OCd *** our knowledge,this approach represents the first global implementation of microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging to address the metrology challenges in complex 3d structures of semiconductor devices.

关键词： metrology resolution enable

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A note from the Editorial Office

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第1期56卷 1-2页

作者： AN Rui, ph.d. Executive director Editorial Office of Chinese Science Bulletin

从编辑部的编辑 A

关键词：编辑部编辑委员会公务员杂志科学

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Future Prospects:Scientific Quality Relies on the Critical Reviews from Our Peers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 1-2页

作者： Chun-ming Liu ph.d. Editor-in-Chief

From Executive Editor to Editor-in-Chief is a big jump for me, and means many more responsibilities. I could feel the pressure on my shoulders; from the hopes of my predecessors, my colleagues, and the board members. As a journal with a 57-year history, JIPB has built its credit over the years, publishing many original works in both Chinese and English. However, in the international scientific community, JIPB is still a minor player, especially under the current not-so-healthy impact factor-driven publishing environment.

关键词： Future international especially Chinese player impact works minor means

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data-driven Simulations of Magnetic Field Evolution in Active Region 11429:Magneto-frictional Method Using PENCIL COdE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 74-82页

作者： P.Vemareddy Jorn Warnecke ph.A.Bourdin Indian Institute of Astrophysics Sarjapur roadII BlockKoramangalaBengaluru-560034India Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3D-37077 GöttingenGermany Institute of physics University of GrazUniversitätsplatz 5A-8010 GrazAustria

Coronal magnetic fields evolve quasi-statically over long timescales and dynamically over short *** of now there exist no regular measurements of coronal magnetic fields,and therefore generating the coronal magnetic field evolution using observations of the magnetic field at the photosphere is a fundamental requirement to understanding the origin of transient phenomena from solar active regions(ARs).Using the magneto-friction(MF)approach,we aim to simulate the coronal field evolution in the solar AR *** MF method is implemented in the open source PENCIL COdE along with a driver module to drive the initial field with different boundary conditions prescribed from observed vector magnetic fields at the *** order to work with vector potential and the observations,we prescribe three types of bottom boundary drivers with varying free-magnetic *** MF simulation reproduces the magnetic structure,which better matches the sigmoidal morphology exhibited by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly(AIA)images at the pre-eruptive *** found that the already sheared field further driven by the sheared magnetic field will maintain and further build the highly sheared coronal magnetic configuration,as seen in AR ***-driven MF simulation is a viable tool to generate the coronal magnetic field evolution,capturing the formation of the twisted flux rope and its eruption.

关键词： Sun corona-Sun evolution-Sun magnetic fields-Sun photosphere

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Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)promotes distant metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via activation of LOXL2

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 615-624页

作者： HYUNG SUN KIM YUN SUN LEE SEUNG MYUNG dONG HYO JUNG KIM dA EUN LEE HYEON WOONG KANG MYEONG JIN KIM joon SEONG PARK department of Surgery Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea department of Surgery Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea Gibiome Co. Ltd.Gyeonggi-doKorea

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PdAC)is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies.A specific mechanism of its metastasis has not been *** this study,we investigated whether Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)plays a role in distant metastasis of *** found that N-WASP is markedly expressed in clinical patients with *** analysis showed a notably more distant metastatic pattern in the N-WASP-high group compared to the N-WASP-low group.N-WASP was noted to be a novel mediator of epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)via gene expression profile *** of N-WASP in pancreatic cancer cells significantly inhibited cell invasion,migration,and *** also observed positive association of lysyl oxidase-like 2(LOXL2)and focal adhesion kinase(FAK)with the N-WASP-mediated response,wherein EMT and invadopodia function were *** N-WASP and LOXL2 depletion significantly reduced the incidence of liver and lung metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic *** results elucidate a novel role for N-WASP signaling associated with LOXL2 in EMT and invadopodia function,with respect to regulation of intercellular communication in tumor cells for promoting pancreatic cancer *** findings may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)signaling Metastasis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) Lysyl oxidase-like 2(LOXL2)

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