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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(age<20 years).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** Between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Amorphous BaTiO_(3) Electron Transport Layer for Thermal Equilibrium-Governed γ-CsPbl_(3) Perovskite Solar Cell with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 19.96%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 291-302页

作者： Changhyun Lee Chanyong Lee Kyungjin Chae Taemin Kim Seaeun park Yohan Ko Yongseok Jun Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology Graduate School of Energy and Environment(KU-KIST Green School)Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Nano Electronic Materials and Components Research Center Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute(GERI)Gumi 39171Republic of Korea Energy Materials Research Center Clean Energy Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,the cesium-based allinorganic lead halide perovskite(CsPbI_(3))is a promising light absorber for perovskite solar cells owing to its higher resistance to thermal ***,additional research is required to reduce the nonradiative recombination to realize the full potential of CsPbI_(3).Here,the diffusion of Cs ions participating in ion exchange is proposed to be an important factor responsible for the bulk defects inγ-CsPbI_(3)*** based on first-principles density functional theory reveal that the[PbI_(6)]^(4-)octahedral tilt modifies the perovskite crystallographic properties inγ-CsPbI_(3),leading to alterations in its bandgap and crystal *** addition,by substituting amorphous barium titanium oxide(a-BaTiO_(3))for TiO_(2)as the electron transport layer,interfacial defects caused by imperfect energy levels between the electron transport layer and perovskite are ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrate that a-BaTiO_(3)forms entirely as a single phase,as opposed to Ba-doped TiO_(2)hybrid nanoclusters or separate domains of TiO_(2)and BaTiO_(3)***,inorganic perovskite solar cells based on the a-BaTiO_(3)electron transport layer achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.96%.

关键词： amorphous BaTiO_(3) electron transport layer moisture γ-CsPbI_(3)

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Intelligent reflecting surface for sum rate enhancement in MIMO systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 94-100页

作者： Chan-Yeob park Ji-Sung Jung Yeong-Rong Lee Beom-Sik Shin Hyoung-Kyu Song Department of Information and Communication Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoulGwangjin-guGunja-dong 98Republic of Korea Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University SeoulGwangjin-guGunja-dong 98Republic of Korea

The research for the Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)which has the advantages of cost and energy efficiency has been *** capacity can be effectively increased by appropriately setting the phase value of IRS elements according to the channel ***,the problem of obtaining an appropriate phase value of IRs is difficult to solve due to the non-convex *** paper proposes an iterative algorithm for the alternating optimal solution in the Single User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(SU-MIMO)*** proposed iterative algorithm finds an alternating optimal solution that is the phase value of IRS one by *** results show that the proposed method has better performance than that of the randomized IRS *** number of iterations for maximizing the performance of the proposed algorithm depends on the channel state between the IRS and the receiver.

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface MIMO Sum rate

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Driving inward growth of lithium metal in hollow microcapsule hosts by heteroatom‐controlled nucleation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 262-272页

作者： Siwon Kim Hong Rim Shin Ki Jae Kim Min‐Sik park Jong‐Won Lee Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Integrated Education for Frontier Science and Technology(BK21 Four)Kyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea

The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li ***‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving increasing attention as a host material capable of accommodating Li metal inside its cavity;however,uncontrollable and nonuniform deposition of Li remains a *** this study,we synthesize metal–organic framework‐derived carbon microcapsules with heteroatom clusters(Zn and Ag)on the capsule walls and it is demonstrated that Ag‐assisted nucleation of Li metal alters the outward‐to‐inward growth in the microcapsule ***‐incorporated microcapsules are prepared via chemical etching of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 polyhedra and are subsequently decorated with Ag by a galvanic displacement reaction between Ag^(+)and metallic *** introduced Ag significantly reduces the energy barrier and increases the reaction rate for Li nucleation in the microcapsule host upon Li *** combined electrochemical,microstructural,and computational studies,we verify the beneficial role of Ag‐assisted Li nucleation in facilitating inward growth inside the cavity of the microcapsule host and,in turn,enhancing electrochemical *** study provides new insights into the design of reversible host materials for practical Li metal batteries.

关键词： hollow carbon hosts lithium metal batteries lithium plating metal-organic frameworks nucleation

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Enhanced prediction of anisotropic deformation behavior using machine learning with data augmentation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 186-196页

作者： Sujeong Byun Jinyeong Yu Seho Cheon Seong Ho Lee Sung Hyuk park Taekyung Lee School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea

Mg alloys possess an inherent plastic anisotropy owing to the selective activation of deformation mechanisms depending on the loading *** characteristic results in a diverse range of flow curves that vary with a deformation *** study proposes a novel approach for accurately predicting an anisotropic deformation behavior of wrought Mg alloys using machine learning(ML)with data *** developed model combines four key strategies from data science:learning the entire flow curves,generative adversarial networks(GAN),algorithm-driven hyperparameter tuning,and gated recurrent unit(GRU)*** proposed model,namely GAN-aided GRU,was extensively evaluated for various predictive scenarios,such as interpolation,extrapolation,and a limited dataset *** model exhibited significant predictability and improved generalizability for estimating the anisotropic compressive behavior of ZK60 Mg alloys under 11 annealing conditions and for three loading *** GAN-aided GRU results were superior to those of previous ML models and constitutive *** superior performance was attributed to hyperparameter optimization,GAN-based data augmentation,and the inherent predictivity of the GRU for *** a first attempt to employ ML techniques other than artificial neural networks,this study proposes a novel perspective on predicting the anisotropic deformation behaviors of wrought Mg alloys.

关键词： Plastic anisotropy Compression Annealing Machine learning Data augmentation

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Enhanced Object Detection and Classification via Multi-Method Fusion

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3315-3331页

作者： Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Nouf Abdullah Almujally Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Jeongmin park Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Tech University of Korea237 Sangidaehak-roSiheung-siGyeonggi-do15073South Korea

Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented *** substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occlusion,and limited labeled *** address these challenges,we introduce a comprehensive methodology toenhance image classification and object detection *** proposed approach involves the integration ofmultiple methods in a complementary *** process commences with the application of Gaussian filters tomitigate the impact of noise *** images are then processed for segmentation using Fuzzy C-Meanssegmentation in parallel with saliency mapping techniques to find the most prominent *** Binary RobustIndependent Elementary Features(BRIEF)characteristics are then extracted fromdata derived fromsaliency mapsand segmented *** precise object separation,Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)algorithms *** Algorithms(GAs)are used to optimize Random Forest classifier parameters which lead toimproved *** method stands out due to its comprehensive approach,adeptly addressing challengessuch as changing backdrops,occlusion,and limited labeled data concurrently.A significant enhancement hasbeen achieved by integrating Genetic Algorithms(GAs)to precisely optimize *** minor adjustmentnot only boosts the uniqueness of our system but also amplifies its overall *** proposed methodologyhas demonstrated notable classification accuracies of 90.9%and 89.0%on the challenging Corel-1k and MSRCdatasets,***,detection accuracies of 87.2%and 86.6%have been *** ourmethod performed well in both datasets it may face difficulties in real-world data especially where datasets havehighly complex *** these limitations,GAintegration for parameter optimization shows a notablestrength in enhancing the overall adaptability and performance of our system.

关键词： BRIEF features saliency map fuzzy c-means object detection object recognition

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TEAM:Transformer Encoder Attention Module for Video Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 451-477页

作者： Hae Sung park Yong Suk Choi Department of Artificial Intelligence Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea

Much like humans focus solely on object movement to understand actions,directing a deep learning model’s attention to the core contexts within videos is crucial for improving video *** the recent study,Video Masked Auto-Encoder(VideoMAE)employs a pre-training approach with a high ratio of tube masking and reconstruction,effectively mitigating spatial bias due to temporal redundancy in full video *** steers the model’s focus toward detailed temporal ***,as the VideoMAE still relies on full video frames during the action recognition stage,it may exhibit a progressive shift in attention towards spatial contexts,deteriorating its ability to capture the main spatio-temporal *** address this issue,we propose an attention-directing module named Transformer Encoder Attention Module(TEAM).This proposed module effectively directs the model’s attention to the core characteristics within each video,inherently mitigating spatial *** TEAM first figures out the core features among the overall extracted features from each *** that,it discerns the specific parts of the video where those features are located,encouraging the model to focus more on these informative ***,during the action recognition stage,the proposed TEAM effectively shifts the VideoMAE’s attention from spatial contexts towards the core spatio-temporal *** attention-shift manner alleviates the spatial bias in the model and simultaneously enhances its ability to capture precise video *** conduct extensive experiments to explore the optimal configuration that enables the TEAM to fulfill its intended design purpose and facilitates its seamless integration with the VideoMAE *** integrated model,i.e.,VideoMAE+TEAM,outperforms the existing VideoMAE by a significant margin on Something-Something-V2(71.3%vs.70.3%).Moreover,the qualitative comparisons demonstrate that the TEAM encourages the model to disregard insignificant featur

关键词： Video classification action recognition vision transformer masked auto-encoder

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Effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on tensile and bending properties of high-Al-containing Mg alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 779-793页

作者： Sumi Jo Gyo Myeong Lee Jong Un Lee Young Min Kim Sung Hyuk park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Magnesium Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

This study investigates the effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on the uniaxial tensile and three-point bending properties of extruded Mg alloys containing high Al *** extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ91)alloy contains lamellar-structured Mg_(17)Al_(12)discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundaries,which are formed via static precipitation during natural air *** extruded Mg–11Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ111)alloy contains spherical Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates at the grain boundaries and inside the grains,which are formed via dynamic precipitation during *** to inhomogeneous distribution of precipitates,the AZ111 alloy consists of two different precipitate regions:precipitate-rich region with numerous precipitates and finer grains and precipitate-scarce region with a few precipitates and coarser *** AZ111 alloy exhibits a higher tensile strength than the AZ91 alloy because its smaller grain size and more abundant precipitates result in stronger grain-boundary hardening and precipitation hardening effects,***,the tensile elongation of the AZ111 alloy is lower than that of the AZ91 alloy because the weak cohesion between the dynamic precipitates and the matrix facilitates the crack initiation and *** bending,a macrocrack initiates on the outer surface of bending specimen in both *** AZ111 alloy exhibits higher bending yield strength and lower failure bending strain than the AZ91 *** bending specimens of the AZ91 alloy have similar bending formability,whereas those of the AZ111 alloy exhibit considerable differences in bending formability and crack propagation behavior,depending on the distribution and number density of precipitates in the *** bending specimens of the AZ111 alloy,it is found that the failure bending strain(ε_(f,bending))is inversely proportional to the area fraction of precipitates in the outer zone of bending specimen(A_(ppt)),with a relation

关键词： Mg–Al alloy Extrusion Bending Precipitation Microstructure

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Low-molecular-weight fucoidan inhibits the proliferation of melanoma via Bcl-2 phosphorylation and PTEN/AKT pathway

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 273-282页

作者： MINJI park CHULHWAN BANG WON-SOO YUN YUN-MI JEONG T&R Biofab Co. Ltd.Seongnam-si13487Korea Department of Dermatology Seoul St.Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul02706Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Tech University of KoreaSi-heung City15073Korea

Fucoidan,a sulfate polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed,has various bioactive properties,including anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-viral,anti-oxidant,anti-coagulant,anti-thrombotic,anti-angiogenic,and anti-Helicobacter pylori ***,the effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan(LMW-F)on melanoma cell lines and three dimensional(3D)cell culture models are not well *** study aimed to investigate the effects of LMW-F on A375 human melanoma cells and cryopreserved biospecimens derived from patients with advanced *** wave was used to fragment fucoidan derived from Fucus vesiculosus into smaller *** and live/dead assays showed that LMW-F inhibited cell proliferation in both A375 cells and patientderived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen *** PTEN/AKT pathway was found to be involved in the anti-melanoma effects of *** blot analysis revealed that LMW-F reduced the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at Thr 56,which was associated with the prevention of anti-apoptotic activity of cancer *** findings suggested that LMW-F could enhance anti-melanoma chemotherapy and improve the outcomes of patients with melanoma resistance.

关键词： Low-molecular-weight fucoidan Melanoma Patient-derived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen scaffold Anti-melanoma effect PTEN-AKT-Bcl-2 network

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Effects of an Urban park and Residential Area on the Atmospheric CO_2 Concentration and Flux in Seoul,Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 503-514页

作者： Moon-Soo park Seung Jin joo Chang Seok LEE Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Modeling Seoul 151 919Korea Life and Environmental Engineering Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul 139 774Korea

The CO2 concentrations and fluxes over an urban forest site （Namsan） and an urban residential region （Boramae） in Seoul, Korea, during the non-growing season （2 4 March 2011）, the growing season （10-12 June 2011）, and the late-growing season （22-24 September 2011） were analyzed. The CO2 concentrations of two sites showed nearly the same diurnal variation, with a maximum value occurring during the night and a minimum value occurring during daytime, as well as the same seasonal variation, with a maximum value during the non-growing season （early spring） and a minimum value during the growing season （summer）. The CO2 flux over the urban forest did not show any typical diurnal variation during the non-growing season, but did show diurnal variation with a small positive value during the night and a large negative value during daytime in the growing and late-growing seasons due to photosynthesis in the urban forest. The CO2 flux over the urban residential region showed a positive daily mean value for all periods, with large values during the non-growing season and small values during the growing season, and it also showed diurnal variation with two maxima at 0600-1000 LST and 1800-2400 LST, and two minima at 0300-0600 LST and 1100-1500 LST, and was strongly correlated with the use of liquefied natural gas for cooking and heating by surrounding houses.

关键词： C02 concentration C02 flux Seoul urban forest urban residential region

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