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Bacterial Exofactors Modulate Biofilm Growth and Resistivity to Antimicrobial Drugs

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 11-24页

作者： Van Nguyen<sup>#sup> Bea Penaredondo<sup>#sup> Girdhari Rijal Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Public Health and Nutrition Science College of Health Sciences Tarleton State University A Member of Texas A & M University System Fort Worth Texas USA

Some bacteria have the ability to co-exist, proliferate and survive in a multicellular community, biofilm. Each participating bacteria can form its colonies and encases itself by a self-produced insoluble extracellular matrix substance (EPS). Microcolonies within biofilm are held together by interactions and bonding of the substances present in the EPS with their separation from the water channels. Similar to insoluble EPS, bacterial microcolonies release soluble exofactors that have direct impacts on the survivability, growth and antibacterial resistivity of other microcolonies made of single- or multi-species bacteria in the same biofilm. How the exofactors of microcolonies of one-type bacteria impact on microcolonies of other-type bacteria is still unclear. We studied about the role of exofactors released from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are common biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. Exofactors facilitate to transform the microenvironment where bacteria can acquire alternative lifestyle with a long survival period and resistivity to certain antimicrobial drugs.

关键词： Biofilm Exofactors Antimicrobial Drugs Growth Extracellular Matrix Substance Microcolonies

The Diagnostic Value of Oligoclonal Band Detection in Viral Encephalitis

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 23-31页

作者： Anqi Huang Xianyue Meng Xueli Li<sup>#sup> Department of Neurology Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Liaocheng People’s Hospital) Liaocheng China

Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) expression among different age groups in viral encephalitis and its reference value for diagnosis. Methods: Forty-two patients with viral encephalitis were divided into two groups: 25 adults and 17 children. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and CSF routine analysis was conducted for comparative analysis. Results: The CSF-OCB positivity rate was higher in the adult group (48%) compared with the pediatric group (11.76%), with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: 1) The expression of CSF-OCB positivity in patients with viral encephalitis is age-related, with higher positivity rates observed in adults compared to children. 2) Although CSF oligoclonal band detection is not a specific diagnostic marker for viral encephalitis in adults, it still holds certain reference value.

关键词： Oligoclonal Band Detection Viral Encephalitis Routine Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Age

Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Strains Responsible of Bovine Tuberculosis Cases in Bobo-Dioulasso Slaughterhouse, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-114页

作者： Mariétou Konate Aminata Fofana<sup>#sup> Yacouba Kouadima Aboubacar Sidiki Ouattara Adama Sanou UFR/Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest Unit&eacute Universitaire &agrave Bobo (UCAO/UUB) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departement Biomé dical et Sant&eacute Publique (BioMed/SP) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant&eacute (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departement de Biochimie-Microbiologie UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit&eacute Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN) Universit&eacute Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mycobacté riologie Centre MURAZ Institut National de Sant&eacute Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.

关键词： Bovine Tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Molecular Identification Cattle Population Burkina Faso

COVID-19-activated SREBP2 disturbs cholesterol biosynthesis and leads to cytokine storm

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 910-920页

作者： Wonhwa Lee June Hong Ahn Hee Ho Park Hong Nam Kim Hyelim Kim Youngbum Yoo Hyosoo Shin Kyung Soo Hong jong Geol Jang Chun Gwon Park Eun Young Choi jong-sup bae Young-Kyo Seo Aging Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Division of Pulmonology and Allergy Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineYeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory DiseasesYeungnam University Medical CenterDaegu 42415Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon-do 24341Republic of Korea Center for BioMicrosystems Brain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology KIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering SKKU Institute for ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University(SKKU)SuwonRepublic of Korea Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU(BICS) Sungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy CMRIResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research TeamKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2(SREBP-2)is activated by cytokines or pathogen,such as virus or bacteria,but its association with diminished cholesterol levels in COVID-19 patients is unknown.Here,we evaluated SREBP-2 activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients and verified the function of SREBP-2 in COVID-19.Intriguingly,we report the first observation of SREBP-2 C-terminal fragment in COVID-19 patients’blood and propose SREBP-2 C-terminal fragment as an indicator for determining severity.We confirmed that SREBP-2-induced cholesterol biosynthesis was suppressed by Sestrin-1 and PCSK9 expression,while the SREBP-2-induced inflammatory responses was upregulated in COVID-19 ICU patients.Using an infectious disease mouse model,inhibitors of SREBP-2 and NF-κB suppressed cytokine storms caused by viral infection and prevented pulmonary damages.These results collectively suggest that SREBP-2 can serve as an indicator for severity diagnosis and therapeutic target for preventing cytokine storm and lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients.

关键词： cytokine diagnosis damage

Effect of bonding interface on delamination behavior of drawn Cu/Al bar clad material

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 645-649页

作者： Sangmok LEE Min-Geun LEE Sang-Pill LEE Geun-Ahn LEE Yong-bae KIM jong-sup LEE Dong-Su bae Advanced Forming Technology Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Dong-Eui University Department of Mechanical Engineering Dong-Eui University

Cu/Al bar clad material was fabricated by a drawing process and a subsequent heat treatment.During these processes,intermetallic compounds have been formed at the interface of Cu/Al and have affected its bonding property.Microstructures of Cu/Al interfaces were observed by OM,SEM and EDX Analyser in order to investigate the bonding properties of the material.According to the microstructure a series of diffusion layers were observed at the interface and the thicknesses of diffusion layers have increased with aging time as a result of the diffusion bonding.The interfaces were composed of 3-ply diffusion layers and their compositions were changed with aging time at 400 °C.These compositional compounds were revealed to be η2,(θ+η2),(α+θ) intermetallic phases.It is evident from V-notch impact tests that the growth of the brittle diffusion layers with the increasing aging time directly influenced delamination distance between the Cu sleeve and the Al core.It is suggested that the proper holding time at 400 °C for aging as post heat treatment of a drawn Cu/Al bar clad material would be within 1 h.

关键词： drawn Cu/Al bar clad material aging bonding interface intermetallic compound diffusion layer delamination

Unusual case of emphysematous cystitis mimicking intestinal perforation:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第28期11卷 6943-6948页

作者： Hye Yoon Kang Dae-sup Lee Donghyoun Lee Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSeoul 06338South Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan 50612South Korea Department of Surgery Jeju National University HospitalJeju National University College of MedicineJeju 63241South Korea

BACKGROUND Emphysematous cystitis(EC)is a bladder condition commonly caused by gasgenerating bacterial infections.Factors that increase the risk for developing this condition include female gender,age≥60 years,and diabetes mellitus,glycosuria,and urinary stasis.The symptoms of EC often lack specificity,making diagnostic imaging techniques crucial for accurate identification of the condition.CASE SUMMARY This report presents an unusual case of EC that mimicked intestinal perforation.While it was initially challenging to differentiate between intestinal perforation and EC on admission,the patient managed to avoid unnecessary surgery and made a good recovery solely through antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSION Successful treatment of the patient described herein highlights the importance of accurately diagnosing EC,which can be difficult to differentiate from intestinal perforation.

关键词： Emphysematous cystitis Intestinal Bowel Perforation Bladder Case report

Effects of Added Mass on Muscle Activity and Joint Movement During Walking

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第6期20卷 2703-2715页

作者： Yali Han Frank C.sup IV Ziyang Han Zhangzhang Mi Department of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing211167China Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA

Added mass provided irregular interference towards human movement and shifted the force generated by lower limb muscles.However,the association between mass and muscle activities is not well recognized.Our study aims at investigating the influence of added mass on lower limbs.In our study,five young,healthy walkers performed walking trials under three load conditions(unload;C1:0.25 pounds on feet,1 pound on calves,and 2 pounds on thighs;C2:1 pound on feet,2 pounds on calves,and 4 pounds on thighs).During walking,three-dimensional kinematics,sEMG signals,and oxygen consumption were collected which allowed us to understand the effects of added mass on muscles.We also generated OpenSim simulation,designed to comprehend the relationship between added mass and muscles.With the increase of added mass,maximum sEMG signal and peak joint torque increased;whereas,the horizontal stride time reduced(unload:1.697±0.02 s,C1:1.651±0.02 s,C2:1.622±0.02 s).Energy expenditure raised correspondingly(C1:6.53%,C2:24.85%).Moreover,joint moment increased,while same change occurred in muscle force.Overall,our results show that participants responded positively to additional mass by adjusting muscle activities,joint movement,and stride frequency,which demonstrates the relationship between energy consumption and added mass.

关键词： Biomechanics Load carriage Gait Muscle force

Towards Aspect Based Components Integration Framework for Cyber-Physical System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 653-668页

作者： Sadia Ali Yaser Hafeez Muhammad Bilal Saqib Saeed Kyung sup Kwak University Institute of Information Technology Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi46000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-si17035Korea Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982DammamSaudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon22212Korea

Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)comprise interactive computation,networking,and physical processes.The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world.Smart systems,such as smart health care systems,smart homes,smart transportation,and smart cities,are made up of complex and dynamic CPS.The components integration development approach should be based on the divide and conquer theory.This way multiple interactive components can reduce the development complexity inCPS.As reusability enhances efficiency and consistency in CPS,encapsulation of component functionalities and a well-designed user interface is vital for the better end-user’s Quality of Experience(QoE).Thus,incorrect interaction of interfaces in the cyber-physical system causes system failures.Usually,interface failures occur due to false,and ambiguous requirements analysis and specification.Therefore,to resolve this issue semantic analysis is required for different stakeholders’viewpoint analysis during requirement specification and components analysis.This work proposes a framework to improve the CPS component integration process,starting from requirement specification to prioritization of components for configurable.For semantic analysis and assessing the reusability of specifications,the framework uses text mining and case-based reasoning techniques.The framework has been tested experimentally,and the results show a significant reduction in ambiguity,redundancy,and irrelevancy,as well as increasing accuracy of interface interactions,component selection,and higher user satisfaction.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems component-based development casebased reasoning prioritization requirement management specification text mining

Analysis of temperature distribution in PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells

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Materials Futures

Materials Futures 2023年第4期2卷 137-144页

作者： Dorian Santander Shaun Whitley Jungmyung Kim Dowon bae Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering(IMPEE)School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUnited Kingdom Ecole nationale supérieure d’électricitéet de mécanique de Nancy Vandoeuvre-lès-NancyFrance AECOM EdinburghEH35DAUnitedKingdom

Photovoltaic(PV)-integrated flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion and storage underwent a huge development.The advantages of this type of integrated flow cell system include the simultaneous storage of solar energy into chemicals that can be readily utilized for generating electricity.However,most studies overlook the practical challenges arising from the inherent heat exposure and consequent overheating of the reactor under the sun.This work aims to predict the temperature profiles across PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells under light exposure conditions by introducing a computational fluid dynamics–based method.Furthermore,we discuss the effects of the flow channel block architecture on the temperature profile to provide insights and guidelines for the effective remedy of overheating.

关键词： solar redox flow battery CFD redox flow cell energy conversion temperature profile