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Evaluating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

Current Zool.gy 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： jonathon d. crystal.al.ison l. foote d.partment of Psychol.gical and.Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA d.partment of Psychol.gy University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been d.vid.d.into information monitoring and.control.processes. Monitoring invol.es knowing that you know or d. not know some information without taking corrective action. Control.invol.es taking corrective action based.on the knowl.d.e that you know or d. not know some information. In comparative metacognition, consid.rabl. attention has been paid.toward.criticall. assessing putative evid.nce for information monitoring in non-human animals. However, l.ss attention has been paid.toward.criticall. evaluating evid.nce for control.processes in animals. We briefl. review a critique of information-monitoring in animals. Next, we appl. these concepts to a number of stud.es that focus on information seeking in animals. The main type of evid.nce for control.processes in animals come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited.but is sometimes prevented.from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects l.ok more if baiting was not seen and.are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evid.nce for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simpl. alternative hypotheses that are sufficient to expl.in putative evid.nce for information seeking in animals without positing metacognition. The alternative expl.nation focuses on two rel.tivel. simpl. principl.s： First, an animal has a d.faul. ＂l.ok before you go＂ response which supersed.s rand.m searches in space. Second. spatiall. guid.d.behavior fol.ows a d.faul. rul. of ＂go where something good.is.＂ These principl.s can expl.in the resul.s of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zool.gy 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

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