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Aerosol m.crophysical and Radiative Effects on Continental Cloud Ensem.les

Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 234-247页

作者： Yuan WANG jonathan m. vogel Yun LIN Bowen PAN Jiaxi HU Yangang LIU Xiquan DONG jonathan H. JIANG Yuk L. YUNG Renyi ZHANG Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91106 USA Departm.nt of Atm.spheric Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA Environm.ntal & Clim.te Sciences Departm.nt Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Departm.nt of Hydrology and Atm.spheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91109 USA Departm.nt of Atm. wheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec QC H3A OG4 Canada

Aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in the current clim.te assessm.nt. m.ch of the com.lexity arises from.the non-m.notonic responses of clouds, precipitation and radiative fluxes to aerosol perturbations under various m.teorological conditions. In this study, an aerosol-aware WRF m.del is used to investigate the m.crophysical and radiative effects of aerosols in three weather system. during the m.rch 2000 Cloud Intensive Observational Period cam.aign at the US Southern Great Plains. Three sim.lated cloud ensem.les include a low-pressure deep convective cloud system. a collection of less-precipitating stratus and shallow cum.lus, and a cold frontal passage. The WRF sim.lations are evaluated by several ground-based m.asurem.nts. The m.crophysical properties of cloud hydrom.teors, such as their m.ss and num.er concentrations, generally show m.notonic trends as a function of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. Aerosol radiative effects do not influence the trends of cloud m.crophysics, except for the stratus and shallow cum.lus cases where aerosol sem.-direct effects are identified. The precipitation changes by aerosols vary with the cloud types and their evolving stages, with a prom.nent aerosol invigoration effect and associated enhanced precipitation from.the convective sources. The sim.lated aerosol direct effect suppresses precipitation in all three cases but does not overturn the aerosol indirect effect. Cloud fraction exhibits m.ch sm.ller sensitivity （typically less than 2%） to aerosol perturbations, and the responses vary with aerosol concentrations and cloud regim.s. The surface shortwave radiation shows a m.notonic decrease by increasing aerosols, while the m.gnitude of the decrease depends on the cloud type.

关键词： aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions cloud-resolving m.del cloud m.crophysics and m.crophysics precipita-tion

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Com.lem.nt-dependent neuroinflam.ation in spinal cord injury:from.pathology to therapeutic im.lications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanm.rco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian m.stroph David Gim.el jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow m.tthew F.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotraum. Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury rem.ins a m.jor cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decom.ression and rehabilitation,there are no pharm.cological treatm.nts to lim.t the progression of injury and optim.ze recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the com.lem.nt system.in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflam.ation,a sim.lar role for com.lem.nt in spinal neuroinflam.ation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of com.lem.nt in spinal cord injury including the sources of com.lem.nt proteins,triggers of com.lem.nt activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data dem.nstrating the different triggers of com.lem.nt activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to dam.ge-associated m.lecular *** effector functions of com.lem.nt have been im.licated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of com.lem.nt anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while em.hasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we system.tically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical m.dels of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into hum.n *** review em.hasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different com.lem.nt pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvem.nt of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of com.lem.nt in white m.tter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplem.nt genetic m.dels.

关键词： com.lem.nt neuroinflam.ation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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Current taxane form.lations and em.rging cabazitaxel delivery system.

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5193-5218页

作者： Boyang Sun Robert m. Straubinger jonathan F. Lovell Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Sciences University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14214 USA

Cabazitaxel is a second-generation taxane with prom.sing anti-tum.r activity and is approved for treating horm.ne-refractory m.tastatic prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel. Although first-generation taxanes （i.e. paclitaxel and docetaxel） have sparked broad interest in a variety of drug delivery vehicles, fewer have yet been developed for cabazitaxel. This review sum.arizes several clinical-stage approaches for taxane form.lation and recent efforts to develop novel cabazitaxel delivery system..

关键词： cabazitaxel Jevtana taxanes drug delivery system. nanocarriers

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The consequences of genom.c architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： Sean m. ROGERS jonathan A. m.E Ella BOWLES Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genom.cs era. Despite decades of evidence confirm.ng the role of the environm.nt in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genom.cs of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genom.c architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the num. ber, location, effect size, and interactions am.ng the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and re- productive isolation in these fishes reinforces the im.ortance of considering genom.c architecture in studies of ecological speci- ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environm.nts by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo m.tations are unlikely under such recent divergence tim.s. We hypothesize that m.dular genom.c architectures in post- glacial fish taxa m.y be associated with the probability of population persistence. Em.irical studies have confirm.d the genic na- ture of ecological speciation, im.licating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium.across the genom.. An understanding of these genom.c m.saics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers rem.ins unclear, but m.gration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge- nom.c architecture is an im.ortant com.onent of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organ- ism. to test these questions, both from.the perspective of variation in architectures am.ng taxa, and with respect to the distinct environm.nts they have colonized. However, m.re em.irical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed [Current Zoo- logy 59 （1）： 53-71, 2013].

关键词： Adaptation Ecological speciation Genom.c architecture m.dularity Postglacial fishes QTL

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The Need for Fuzzy AI

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Autom.tica Sinica 2019年第3期6卷 610-622页

作者： jonathan m.Garibaldi IEEE the School of Com.uter Science University of Nottingham

Artificial intelligence(AI) is once again a topic of huge interest for com.uter scientists around the world. Whilst advances in the capability of m.chines are being m.de all around the world at an incredible rate, there is also increasing focus on the need for com.uterised system. to be able to explain their decisions, at least to som. degree. It is also clear that data and knowledge in the real world are characterised by *** system. can provide decision support, which both handle uncertainty and have explicit representations of uncertain knowledge and inference processes. However, it is not yet clear how any decision support system., including those featuring fuzzy m.thods, should be evaluated as to whether their use is *** paper presents a conceptual fram.work of indistinguishability as the key com.onent of the evaluation of com.uterised decision support system.. Case studies are presented in which it has been clearly dem.nstrated that hum.n expert perform.nce is less than perfect, together with techniques that m.y enable fuzzy system. to em.late hum.n-level perform.nce including *** conclusion, this paper argues for the need for "fuzzy AI" in two senses:(i) the need for fuzzy m.thodologies(in the technical sense of Zadeh's fuzzy sets and system.) as knowledge-based system. to represent and reason with uncertainty; and(ii) the need for fuzziness(in the non-technical sense) with an acceptance of im.erfect perform.nce in evaluating AI system..

关键词： Artificial intelligence approxim.te reasoning fuzzy inference system. fuzzy sets hum.n reasoning

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Harnessing m.graines for neural regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 609-615页

作者： jonathan m.Borkum Departm.nt of Psychology University of Maine Orono ME USA Health Psych m.ine Waterville MEUSA

The success of naturalistic or therapeutic neuroregeneration likely depends on an internal m.lieu that facilitates the survival,proliferation,m.gration,and differentiation of stem.cells and their assim.lation into neural *** attacks are an integrated sequence of physiological processes that m.y protect the brain from.oxidative stress by releasing growth factors,suppressing apoptosis,stim.lating neurogenesis,encouraging m.tochondrial biogenesis,reducing the production of oxidants,and upregulating antioxidant ***,the m.graine attack m.y constitute a physiologic environm.nt conducive to stem.*** this paper,key com.onents of m.graine are reviewed – neurogenic inflam.ation with release of calcitonin gene-related peptide（CGRP） and substance P,plasm. protein extravasation,platelet activation,release of serotonin by platelets and likely by the dorsal raphe nucleus,activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase（e NOS）,production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and,in m.graine aura,cortical spreading depression – along with their potential neurorestorative *** possibility is considered of using these com.onents to facilitate successful stem.cell *** m.thods for doing so are discussed,including chem.cal stim.lation of the TRPA1 ion channel,conjoint activation of a subset of m.graine com.onents,invasive and noninvasive deep brain stim.lation of the dorsal raphe nucleus,transcranial focused ultrasound,and stim.lation of the Zusanli（ST36） acupuncture point.

关键词： neuroprotection neurorestoration neurogenesis stem.cells m.graine transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 calcitonin gene-related peptide album.n acupuncture oxidative stress

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Charm.nium.spectroscopy and decay at CLEO-c

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 621-625页

作者： Helm.t vogel Departm.nt of Physics Carnegie Mellon University

We report recent results on charm.nium.spectroscopy and decay from.the CLEO-c experim.nt at the Cornell electrom.ositron storage ring accelerator, CESR. m.st of the results are based on the analysis of 54 pb-1 of lum.nosity collected at the ψ（2S） resonance, corresponding to 27 m.ψ（2S） decays. We concentrate on radiative decays of ψ（2S） and J/ψ, on two-body m.sonic decay of XcJ, on hadronic decay of the he, and on higher m.ltipoles in the two-photon cascade ψ（2S）→γχcJ, XcJ→γJ/ψ.

关键词： charm.nium radiative decay two-body decay photon transitions higher m.ltipoles

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Characterization of coal using electron spin resonance： im.lications for the form.tion of inertinite m.cerals in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 385-398页

作者： Ofentse m. m.roeng jonathan m. Keartland R. Jam.s Roberts Nicola J. Wagner Departm.nt of Geology University of JohannesburgP.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Departm.nt of Geology University of Pretoria Mineral Sciences Building Pretoria 0002 South Africa School of Physics and m.terials Physics Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal contains a significant concentration of free radicals as a result of the coalification process. One of the experim.ntal m.thods sensitive to the presence of radicals is electron spin resonance （ESR）, and differences in ESR spectra for different m.cerals m.y provide insight into coal-form.ng processes. In this study, ESR data along with the H/C atom.c ratio （to infer the arom.tic fraction） are used to characterize coal sam.les with the aim.of assessing a fire-origin for dom.nant inertinite m.cerals. A m.dium.rank C bitum.nous Witbank No. 4 Seam.Upper coal （the parent） was density- fractionated to create vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich sam.les. The parent sam.le consists of 42 vol% vitrinite and 49 vol% inertinite. The density-fractionated sam.les com.rise of 81 vol% total vitrinite （dom.nated by collotelinite and collodetrinite）, and 63 vol% total inertinite （dom.nated by fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite）. The H/C ratio is 0.74 for the inertinite-rich sam.le, and 0.85 for the vitrinite-rich counterpart, suggesting the form.r sam.le is m.re arom.tic. The ESR spectra obtained for the three sam.les were found to fit best using a Lorentzian distribution. The fit is noticeably better for the arom.tic inertinite-rich sam.le, for which the spectrum.is sym.etric. This is attributed to pronounced electron m.bility and exchange interactions. The higher radical content of the inertinite-rich and parent sam.les is attributed to the presence of specific inertinite m.cerals, nam.ly： fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite. And, owing to the greater radical content of the inertinite-rich sam.le, the dom.nant inertinite m.cerals are interpreted to have form.d through charring of plant m.tter.

关键词： m.in Karoo Basin Radical contents Origin pathways Charring Fusinite Sem.fusinite

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Transcriptom. Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim.Trichom.s Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichom. Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： m. David m.rks jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding Ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon Departm.nt of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Transcriptom. analyses have been perform.d on m.ture trichom.s isolated from.wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and on leaf trichom.s isolated from.the g13-sst sim.double m.tant, which exhibit m.ny attributes of im.ature trichom.s. The m.ture trichom. profile contained m.ny highly expressed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, protein turnover, and abiotic stress response. The m.st highly expressed genes in the g13-sst sim.profile encoded ribosom.l proteins and other proteins involved in translation. Com.arative analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding transcription factors previously found to be im.ortant for trichom. form.tion, and m.ny other trichom.-im.ortant genes, were preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.trichom.s. The analysis of genes preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.led to the identification of four additional genes required for norm.l trichom. developm.nt. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a m.m.er of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene fam.ly. m.tations in this gene did not alter trichom. expansion, but did alter m.ture trichom. cell walls. m.tations in BIT resulted in a loss of trichom. branch form.tion. The relationship between bit and the phenotypically identical m.tant, sti, was explored. m.tations in PEL3, which was previously shown to be required for developm.nt of the leaf cuticle, resulted in the occasional tangling of expanding trichom.s. m.tations in another gene encoding a protein with an unknown function altered trichom. branch form.tion.

关键词： Cell wall cell differentiation hom.odom.in wax trichom.

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Sexual dim.rphism.in cranial shape and size in geom.oid rodents:m.ltivariate and evolutionary perspectives

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： jonathan J m.Calede Andrew Brown Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA The Ohio State University at m.rion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA College of Veterinary m.dicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geom.oid rodents provide a great study system.for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and m.ny inhabit harsh arid environm.nts thought to prom.te sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dim.rphism.of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use m.ltivariate analyses of cranial m.asurem.nts in a phylogenetic fram.work to determ.ne the distribution of size and shape dim.rphism.am.ng geom.oids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dim.rphism.is m.re com.on in geom.ids than heterom.ids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dim.rphism.across ***,in m.ny taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm.existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dim.rphism.across geom.oid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geom.oids,whether at the superfam.ly or fam.ly ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dim.rphism.in geom.oids and that,instead,it is the product of num.rous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a m.re com.lete picture of the evolution of sexual dim.rphism.in geom.oids.

关键词： Geom.idae Heterom.idae phylogenetic com.arative m.thods m.rphom.trics Rensch’s rule

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