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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schm.tz jonathan m. glynn Bradley J.S.C. Olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Departm.nt of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Departm.nt of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: m.cobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct fam.lies of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to m.d-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful m.nipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null m.tant, and vice versa, and determ.ned whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approxim.ted total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirem.nt of each FtsZ fam.ly for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while m.intaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, dem.nstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for m.intenance of WT chloroplast num.ers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null m.tants and show that plants com.letely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presum.bly essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent m.de of plastid partitioning m.y occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Hunting for a viral proxy in bioaerosols of swine buildings using m.lecular detection and m.tagenom.cs

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 69-78页

作者： Valérie Létourneau m.rie-Josée Gagné jonathan m.Vyskocil Vincent Brochu Kim.Robitaille m.rtin Gauthier Julie Brassard Caroline Duchaine Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre-UniversitéLaval 2725 Chemin Sainte-FoyQuebecG1V 4G5Canada Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Developm.nt Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada3600 Casavant Boulevard WestSaint-HyacintheJ2S 8E3Canada Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Microbiologyand Bio-informaticsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversitéLaval1045 Avenue de la MédecineQuebecG1V 0A6Canada The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Universitéde Montréal3200 Rue SicotteSaint-HyacintheJ2S 2M2Canada

There are lim.ted biosecurity m.asures directed at preventing airborne transm.ssion of viruses in *** effectiveness of dust m.tigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transm.ssion are *** and qPCR for com.on fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of m.tigation strategies against airborne viral infectious *** particles were collected from.swine buildings using high-volum. air *** DNA and RNA were used to perform.specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput *** astroviruses group 2 were com.on(from.102 to 105 genom.c copies per cubic m.ter of air or gc/m.(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from.air *** torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from.101 to 102 gc/m.(3),47%positivity).Am.ng the identified viral fam.lies by m.tagenom.cs analysis,Herelleviridae,m.croviridae,m.oviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were *** phage vB_Avim.AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air sam.les and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m.(3) am.ng the sam.les taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked sam.les from.-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_Avim.AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.

关键词： Bioaerosols Viral m.tagenom.cs Astrovirus Aerococcus phage Swine buildings

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Atm.spheric CO_(2) Rem.val Efficiency through Enhanced Silicate Weathering in Croplands:A Review with Em.hasis on the Contribution of Fungi

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 197-211页

作者： Zi-Bo Li Gaojun Li jonathan m.Adam. Dong-Xing Guan Liang Zhao Rongjun Bian Qing Hu Xiancai Lu Junfeng Ji Jun Chen State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochem.stry Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environm.ntal Science College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Xiong'an Institute of Innovation Chinese Academy of SciencesXiong'an 071700China

Enhanced silicate weathering(ESW)is a geoengineering m.thod aim.d at accelerating carbon dioxide(CO_(2))rem.val(CDR)from.atm.sphere by increasing the weathering flux of silicate rocks and *** has em.rged as a prom.sing strategy for *** studies underscore ESW’s substantial potential for CDR and its diverse benefits for crops when applied to ***,the well-known significant discrepancies in silicate weathering rates between laboratory and field conditions introduce uncertainty in CDR through *** com.iling data from.recent literature,we calculated and com.ared CDR efficiency(t CO_(2)t^(-1)_(silicate)ha^(-1)y^(-1))observed in m.socosm.experim.nts and field *** findings indicate that CDR efficiencies in field trials are com.arable to or exceeding that observed in m.socosm.experim.nts by 1-3 orders of m.gnitude,particularly evident with wollastonite *** hierarchy of CDR efficiency am.ng silicates suitable for ESW is ranked as follows:olivine≥wollastonite>basalt>albite≥*** suggest the potential role of biota,especially fungi,in contributing to higher CDR efficiencies observed in field trials com.ared to m.socosm.*** further em.hasize introducing fungi known for their effectiveness in silicate weathering could potentially enhance CDR efficiency through ESW in *** before im.lem.nting fungal-facilitated ESW,three key questions need addressing:(i)How does the com.unity of introduced fungi evolve over tim.?(ii)What is the long-term.trajectory of CDR efficiency following fungal introduction?and(iii)Could fungal introduction lead to organic m.tter oxidation,resulting in elevated CO_(2)em.ssions?These investigations are crucial for optim.zing the efficiency and sustainability of fungal-facilitated ESW strategy.

关键词： enhanced weathering carbon dioxide rem.val efficiency fungi weathering rate altered surface layers

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Com.lem.nt-dependent neuroinflam.ation in spinal cord injury:from.pathology to therapeutic im.lications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanm.rco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian m.stroph David Gim.el jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow m.tthew F.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotraum. Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury rem.ins a m.jor cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decom.ression and rehabilitation,there are no pharm.cological treatm.nts to lim.t the progression of injury and optim.ze recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the com.lem.nt system.in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflam.ation,a sim.lar role for com.lem.nt in spinal neuroinflam.ation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of com.lem.nt in spinal cord injury including the sources of com.lem.nt proteins,triggers of com.lem.nt activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data dem.nstrating the different triggers of com.lem.nt activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to dam.ge-associated m.lecular *** effector functions of com.lem.nt have been im.licated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of com.lem.nt anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while em.hasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we system.tically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical m.dels of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into hum.n *** review em.hasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different com.lem.nt pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvem.nt of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of com.lem.nt in white m.tter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplem.nt genetic m.dels.

关键词： com.lem.nt neuroinflam.ation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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Current taxane form.lations and em.rging cabazitaxel delivery system.

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5193-5218页

作者： Boyang Sun Robert m. Straubinger jonathan F. Lovell Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Sciences University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14214 USA

Cabazitaxel is a second-generation taxane with prom.sing anti-tum.r activity and is approved for treating horm.ne-refractory m.tastatic prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel. Although first-generation taxanes （i.e. paclitaxel and docetaxel） have sparked broad interest in a variety of drug delivery vehicles, fewer have yet been developed for cabazitaxel. This review sum.arizes several clinical-stage approaches for taxane form.lation and recent efforts to develop novel cabazitaxel delivery system..

关键词： cabazitaxel Jevtana taxanes drug delivery system. nanocarriers

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The consequences of genom.c architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： Sean m. ROGERS jonathan A. m.E Ella BOWLES Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genom.cs era. Despite decades of evidence confirm.ng the role of the environm.nt in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genom.cs of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genom.c architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the num. ber, location, effect size, and interactions am.ng the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and re- productive isolation in these fishes reinforces the im.ortance of considering genom.c architecture in studies of ecological speci- ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environm.nts by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo m.tations are unlikely under such recent divergence tim.s. We hypothesize that m.dular genom.c architectures in post- glacial fish taxa m.y be associated with the probability of population persistence. Em.irical studies have confirm.d the genic na- ture of ecological speciation, im.licating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium.across the genom.. An understanding of these genom.c m.saics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers rem.ins unclear, but m.gration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge- nom.c architecture is an im.ortant com.onent of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organ- ism. to test these questions, both from.the perspective of variation in architectures am.ng taxa, and with respect to the distinct environm.nts they have colonized. However, m.re em.irical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed [Current Zoo- logy 59 （1）： 53-71, 2013].

关键词： Adaptation Ecological speciation Genom.c architecture m.dularity Postglacial fishes QTL

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The Need for Fuzzy AI

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Autom.tica Sinica 2019年第3期6卷 610-622页

作者： jonathan m.Garibaldi IEEE the School of Com.uter Science University of Nottingham

Artificial intelligence(AI) is once again a topic of huge interest for com.uter scientists around the world. Whilst advances in the capability of m.chines are being m.de all around the world at an incredible rate, there is also increasing focus on the need for com.uterised system. to be able to explain their decisions, at least to som. degree. It is also clear that data and knowledge in the real world are characterised by *** system. can provide decision support, which both handle uncertainty and have explicit representations of uncertain knowledge and inference processes. However, it is not yet clear how any decision support system., including those featuring fuzzy m.thods, should be evaluated as to whether their use is *** paper presents a conceptual fram.work of indistinguishability as the key com.onent of the evaluation of com.uterised decision support system.. Case studies are presented in which it has been clearly dem.nstrated that hum.n expert perform.nce is less than perfect, together with techniques that m.y enable fuzzy system. to em.late hum.n-level perform.nce including *** conclusion, this paper argues for the need for "fuzzy AI" in two senses:(i) the need for fuzzy m.thodologies(in the technical sense of Zadeh's fuzzy sets and system.) as knowledge-based system. to represent and reason with uncertainty; and(ii) the need for fuzziness(in the non-technical sense) with an acceptance of im.erfect perform.nce in evaluating AI system..

关键词： Artificial intelligence approxim.te reasoning fuzzy inference system. fuzzy sets hum.n reasoning

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Dangers of scientific bias against herbal drugs for coronavirus disease 2019

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Journal of Integrative m.dicine 2020年第6期18卷 459-461页

作者： jonathan m.Fields Integrative m.dicine US TamaracFL 33321USA

On m.y 15, 2020, the Lancet published an article titled Use of Herbal Drugs to Treat COVID-19 Should be with Caution. While this is true of all drugs, herbal and otherwise, the data m.y be biased and deserve a scientific response. We believe these types of reports will unfairly and negatively im.act the field of integrative m.dicine as a whole, and m.st be answered with facts and statistics that m.re accurately represent the current situation.

关键词： Herbal Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 m.dicine,Chinese traditional Com.lem.ntary therapies

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Harnessing m.graines for neural regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 609-615页

作者： jonathan m.Borkum Departm.nt of Psychology University of Maine Orono ME USA Health Psych m.ine Waterville MEUSA

The success of naturalistic or therapeutic neuroregeneration likely depends on an internal m.lieu that facilitates the survival,proliferation,m.gration,and differentiation of stem.cells and their assim.lation into neural *** attacks are an integrated sequence of physiological processes that m.y protect the brain from.oxidative stress by releasing growth factors,suppressing apoptosis,stim.lating neurogenesis,encouraging m.tochondrial biogenesis,reducing the production of oxidants,and upregulating antioxidant ***,the m.graine attack m.y constitute a physiologic environm.nt conducive to stem.*** this paper,key com.onents of m.graine are reviewed – neurogenic inflam.ation with release of calcitonin gene-related peptide（CGRP） and substance P,plasm. protein extravasation,platelet activation,release of serotonin by platelets and likely by the dorsal raphe nucleus,activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase（e NOS）,production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and,in m.graine aura,cortical spreading depression – along with their potential neurorestorative *** possibility is considered of using these com.onents to facilitate successful stem.cell *** m.thods for doing so are discussed,including chem.cal stim.lation of the TRPA1 ion channel,conjoint activation of a subset of m.graine com.onents,invasive and noninvasive deep brain stim.lation of the dorsal raphe nucleus,transcranial focused ultrasound,and stim.lation of the Zusanli（ST36） acupuncture point.

关键词： neuroprotection neurorestoration neurogenesis stem.cells m.graine transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 calcitonin gene-related peptide album.n acupuncture oxidative stress

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Characterization of coal using electron spin resonance： im.lications for the form.tion of inertinite m.cerals in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 385-398页

作者： Ofentse m. m.roeng jonathan m. Keartland R. Jam.s Roberts Nicola J. Wagner Departm.nt of Geology University of JohannesburgP.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Departm.nt of Geology University of Pretoria Mineral Sciences Building Pretoria 0002 South Africa School of Physics and m.terials Physics Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal contains a significant concentration of free radicals as a result of the coalification process. One of the experim.ntal m.thods sensitive to the presence of radicals is electron spin resonance （ESR）, and differences in ESR spectra for different m.cerals m.y provide insight into coal-form.ng processes. In this study, ESR data along with the H/C atom.c ratio （to infer the arom.tic fraction） are used to characterize coal sam.les with the aim.of assessing a fire-origin for dom.nant inertinite m.cerals. A m.dium.rank C bitum.nous Witbank No. 4 Seam.Upper coal （the parent） was density- fractionated to create vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich sam.les. The parent sam.le consists of 42 vol% vitrinite and 49 vol% inertinite. The density-fractionated sam.les com.rise of 81 vol% total vitrinite （dom.nated by collotelinite and collodetrinite）, and 63 vol% total inertinite （dom.nated by fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite）. The H/C ratio is 0.74 for the inertinite-rich sam.le, and 0.85 for the vitrinite-rich counterpart, suggesting the form.r sam.le is m.re arom.tic. The ESR spectra obtained for the three sam.les were found to fit best using a Lorentzian distribution. The fit is noticeably better for the arom.tic inertinite-rich sam.le, for which the spectrum.is sym.etric. This is attributed to pronounced electron m.bility and exchange interactions. The higher radical content of the inertinite-rich and parent sam.les is attributed to the presence of specific inertinite m.cerals, nam.ly： fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite. And, owing to the greater radical content of the inertinite-rich sam.le, the dom.nant inertinite m.cerals are interpreted to have form.d through charring of plant m.tter.

关键词： m.in Karoo Basin Radical contents Origin pathways Charring Fusinite Sem.fusinite

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