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Global distribution of geothermal gradients in sedimentary basins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 478-495页

作者： Folarin Kolawole jonathan C.evenick Lamont-Doherty earth Observatory at Columbia University New YorkNYUSA INpeX Corporation TokyoJapan

the heat budget of sedimentary basins is determined by heat transfer across the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary and lithospheric heat sources,such that the tectonic evolution of their host continental and oceanic lithosphere ultimately impact the present-day heat flow and average geothermal *** increase in availability of publicly-accessible geothermal gradient measurements across the world provides an opportunity to globally assess the dominant controls on the thermal regime of sedimentary ***,we compile a global dataset of152,000 unique data points with constrained bottomhole temperature measurements and assess the relationships between geothermal gradient and selected independent tectonic variables,including crustal and lithospheric thicknesses,crustal age,sediment thickness,and basin *** results show that in both oceanic and continental settings,geothermal gradients exhibit a non-linear,systematic variation with the tectonic *** find that oceanic geothermal gradients decrease with increasing crustal age and lithospheric *** gradients in the continents show no clear relationships with thermotectonic crustal age,but decrease with increasing crustal and lithospheric *** drop significantly at 1.5 km sediment-cover thickness,likely reflecting the effect of high sedimentation rates,but show a striking rise at>12 km thicknesses,potentially influenced by thinned lithosphere and thermal blanketing *** commonly-assumed‘normal’gradient of 25℃/km for continents is only valid for a narrow range(1.5–12.5 km)of sedimentary cover-thickness,and oceanic‘normal’gradient may be as high as 50–75℃/km for>20 Ma crustal age and>50 km-thick *** show that,conditionally,crustal age may best predict average geothermal gradients in oceanic settings,and lithosphere thickness in ***,we observe that tectonic basin types exhibit distinct ranges of gradients that reflect their prevalent tec

关键词： Geothermal gradient Oceanic crust Continental crust Lithosphere tectonics

sexual dimorphism in cranial shape and size in geomyoid rodents:multivariate and evolutionary perspectives

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： jonathan J M Calede Andrew Brown Department of evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA the Ohio state University at Marion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA College of Veterinary Medicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geomyoid rodents provide a great study system for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and many inhabit harsh arid environments thought to promote sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dimorphism of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use multivariate analyses of cranial measurements in a phylogenetic framework to determine the distribution of size and shape dimorphism among geomyoids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dimorphism is more common in geomyids than heteromyids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dimorphism across ***,in many taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dimorphism across geomyoid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geomyoids,whether at the superfamily or family ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids and that,instead,it is the product of numerous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a more complete picture of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids.

关键词： Geomyidae Heteromyidae phylogenetic comparative methods morphometrics Rensch’s rule

Vivid birds do not initiate flight sooner despite their potential conspicuousness

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 773-780页

作者： Nicholai M. HeNsLeY jonathan P. DRURY theodore GARLAND, Jr. Daniel t. BLUMsteIN Department of ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of Califomia Santa Barbara CA USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Institude de Biologie de I'eNs 46 Rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France Department of Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

the distance from an approaching threat at which animals initiate flight - flight-initiation distance （FID） -- is a sensitive metric of variation in risk, but the effects on FID associated with the risk of possessing highly detectable external coloration are unknown. We tested whether variation in the degree of plumage vividness in birds explained variation in flight-initiation distance. After controlling for body mass, the distance at which the experimental approach began, and phylogenetic relatedness, plumage vividness was not a predictor of FID. Contrary to the expectation that vividness affects risk, and therefore risk assess- ment, these results suggest that birds do not compensate for greater visual conspicuousness by fleeing sooner from approaching threats [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 773-780, 2015].

关键词： Antipredator behavior Body size Coloration Comparative method Conspicuousness Flight Initiation Distance

Multi-institutional retrospective analysis of FOLFIRI in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第1期12卷 83-91页

作者： jonathan D Mizrahi Valerie Gunchick Kabir Mody Lianchun Xiao Phanikeerthi surapaneni Rachna t shroff Vaibhav sahai Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77005United States Department of Internal Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Division of Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterJacksonvilleFL 32224United States University of Arizona Cancer Center University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724United States

BACKGROUND Gemcitabine plus platinum is the standard of care first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers(BtC).there is no established second-line therapy,and retrospective reviews report median progression-free survival(PFs)less than 3 mo on second-line therapy.5-Fluorouracil plus irinotecan(FOLFIRI)is a commonly used regimen in patients with BtC who have progressed on gemcitabine plus platinum,though there is a paucity of data regarding its efficacy in this *** to assess the efficacy of FOLFIRI in patients with biliary tract *** We retrospectively identified patients with advanced BtC who were treated with FOLFIRI at MD Anderson,University of Michigan and Mayo Clinic in *** were collected on patient demographics,BtC subtype,response per ReCIst v1.1,progression and *** Ninety-eight patients were included of which 74(75%)had metastatic and 24(25%)had locally advanced disease at the time of treatment with *** median age was 60(range,22-86)*** number of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,gall bladder cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were 10,17 and 71,*** was used as 1st,2nd,3rd or 4th–Nth lines in 8,50,36 and 4 patients,*** duration on FOLFIRI in the entire cohort was 2.2(range,0.5-8.4)*** median PFs and overall survival were 2.4(95%confidence interval(CI):1.7-3.1)and 6.6(95%CI:4.7-8.4)mo,*** PFs for patients treated with FOLFIRI in 1st,2nd,3rd or 4th–Nth lines were 3.1,2.5,2.3 and 1.5 mo,*** patients received concurrent bevacizumab(n=13)or eGFR-targeted therapy(n=5)with FOLFIRI,with a median PFs of 2.7 mo(95%CI:1.7-5.1).CONCLUsION In this largest multi-institution retrospective review of 98 patients with BtC treated with FOLFIRI,efficacy appears to be modest with outcomes similar to other cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens.

关键词： Biliary tract neoplasms Fluorouracil Irinotecan Cholangiocarcinoma Retrospective studies

Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin C deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第33期28卷 4834-4845页

作者： Benjamin Langan Gordon jonathan s Galati stevie Yang Randy s Longman Dana Lukin ellen J scherl Robert Battat Department of Medicine New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10021United States

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are prone to several nutritional deficiencies. However, data are lacking on vitamin C deficiency in Crohn’s disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) patients, as well as the impact of clinical, biomarker and endoscopic disease severity on the development of vitamin C *** to determine proportions and factors associated with vitamin C deficiency in CD and UC *** In this retrospective study, we obtained clinical, laboratory and endoscopic data from CD and UC patients presenting to the IBD clinic at a single tertiary care center from 2014 to 2019. All patients had an available plasma vitamin C level. Of 353 subjects who met initial search criteria using a cohort discovery tool, 301ultimately met criteria for inclusion in the study. the primary aim described vitamin C deficiency(≤ 11.4 μmol/L) rates in IBD. secondary analyses compared proportions with deficiency between active and inactive IBD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated factors associated with *** Of 301 IBD patients, 21.6% had deficiency, including 24.4% of CD patients and 16.0% of UC patients. Patients with elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(39.1% vs 16.9%, P ecal calprotectin(50.0% vs 20.0%, P = 0.009) had significantly higher proportions of deficiency compared to those without. penetrating disease(P = 0.03),obesity(P = 0.02) and current biologic use(P = 0.006) were also associated with deficiency on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, the objective inflammatory marker utilized for analysis(elevated CRP) was the only factor associated with deficiency(odds ratio = 3.1, 95%confidence interval: 1.5-6.6, P = 0.003). there was no difference in the presence of clinical symptoms of scurvy in those with vitamin C deficiency and those *** Vitamin C deficiency was common in IBD. Patients with elevated inflammatory markers and penetrating disease had higher rates of vitamin

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Vitamin C deficiency scurvy Malnutrition

Multifunctional to multistage delivery systems: the evolution of nanoparticles for biomedical applications

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Chinese science Bulletin 2012年第31期57卷 3961-3971页

作者： MARtINeZ jonathan O BROWN Brandon s QUAttROCCHI Nicoletta eVANGeLOPOULOs Michael FeRRARI Mauro tAsCIOttI ennio Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Graduate school of Biomedical sciences The University of Texas at Houston

Nanomaterials are advancing in several directions with significant progress being achieved with respect to their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical application. In this review, we will describe several classes of prototypical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, silicon particles, and gold nanoshells, in terms of their individual function as well as their synergistic use. Active and passive targeting, photothermal ablation, and drug controlled release constitute some of the crucial functions identified to achieve a medical purpose. Current limitations in targeting, slow clearance, and systemic as well as local toxicity are addressed in reference to the recent studies that attempted to comprehend and solve these issues. the demand for a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on the body and of their potential immune response underlies this discussion. Combined components are then discussed in the setting of multifunctional nanocarriers, a class of drug delivery systems we envisioned, proposed, and evolved in the last 5 years. In particular, our third generation of nanocarriers, the multistage vectors, usher in the new field of nanomedicine by combining several components onto multifunctional nanocarriers characterized by emerging properties and able to achieve synergistic effects.

关键词：生物医学应用纳米粒子多功能传递系统演变多级药物控制释放纳米载体

Interactive effects of elevated CO_2 and Ozone on Leaf thermotolerance in Field-grown Glycine max

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1396-1405页

作者： sasmita Mishra scott A. Heckathorn Deepak Barua Dan Wang Puneet Joshi e. William Hamilton III jonathan Frantz Department of environmental sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA United states Department of Agricuffure-Agricultural Research service University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

Humans are increasing atmospheric CO2, ground-level ozone （O3）, and mean and acute high temperatures. Laboratory studies show that elevated CO2 can increase thermotolerance of photosynthesis in C3 plants. O3-related oxidative stress may offset benefits of elevated CO2 during heat-waves. We determined effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf thermotolerance of field-grown Glycine max （soybean, C3）. Photosynthetic electron transport （Фet） was measured in attached leaves heated in situ and detached leaves heated under ambient CO2 and O3. Heating decreased Фet, which O3 exacerbated. elevated CO2 prevented O3-related decreases during heating, but only increased Фet under ambient O3 in the field. Heating decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially under elevated CO2. Neither CO2 nor O3 affected heat-shock proteins. Heating increased catalase （except in high O3） and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase （sOD）, but not Mn- sOD; CO2 and O3 decreased catalase but neither sOD. soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by heating, but increased in elevated CO2. thus, protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by elevated CO2 occurs in field-grown soybean under ambient O3, as in the lab, and high CO2 limits heat damage under elevated O3, but this protection is likely from decreased photorespiration and stomatal conductance rather than production of heat-stress adaptations.

关键词： anti-oxidants global change heat-shock proteins photosynthesis.

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Jumping droplets

Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 3-33页

作者： jonathan B.Boreyko Department of Mechanical engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA

When microdroplets with quasi-spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low-adhesion substrate,the capillary-inertial expansion of the liquid bridge induces a dramatic out-of-plane jumping event due to symmetry *** the onset of merging,droplet jumping initiates after a capillary-inertial time scale of t_(ci)∼1–100μs with characteristic jumping speeds of order v_(j)∼0.1m/*** coalescenceinduced jumping-droplet effect is most commonly observed among a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophobic condenser,but can also occur by colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog *** this review,we cover the historical development of capillary-inertial jumping droplets,summarize the decade-long effort to rationalize the ultra-low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenomenon,and then present 15 variations on a theme of ***-inertial jumping droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the microscale but they also have the potential to enhance phase-change heat transfer,enable selfcleaning surfaces,combat frost formation,harvest energy,and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.

关键词： capillary illustration rational

Dangers of scientific bias against herbal drugs for coronavirus disease 2019

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第6期18卷 459-461页

作者： jonathan M.Fields Integrative Medicine Us TamaracFL 33321USA

On May 15, 2020, the Lancet published an article titled Use of Herbal Drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with Caution. While this is true of all drugs, herbal and otherwise, the data may be biased and deserve a scientific response. We believe these types of reports will unfairly and negatively impact the field of integrative medicine as a whole, and must be answered with facts and statistics that more accurately represent the current situation.

关键词： Herbal Coronavirus COVID-19 sARs-CoV-2 Medicine,Chinese traditional Complementary therapies