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Body composition changes after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第3期16卷 348-353页

作者： jonathan Montomoli peter Holland-Fischer Giampaolo Bianchi Henning grФnbk Hendrik Vilstrup Giulio Marchesini Marco Zoli Department of Internal Medicine Aging and Nephrological DiseasesUniversity of Bologna Department of Medicine V Aarhus University Hospital

AIM:To investigate the effect of transjugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIpS) on malnutrition in portal hypertensive cirrhotic ***: Twenty-one patients with liver cirrhosis and clinical indications for TIpS insertion were investigated before and 1, 4, 12, 52 wk after TIpS. For each patient we assayed body composition parameters [dry lean mass, fat mass, total body water (TBW)], routine liver and kidney function tests, and free fatty acids (FFA). Glucose and insulin were measured for the calculation of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); liver function was measured by the galactose elimination capacity (GEC); the severity of liver disease was graded by model for end-stage liver disease (MELD).RESULTS: porto-systemic gradient decreased after TIpS (6.0±2.1 mmHg vs 15.8±4.8 mmHg, ppatients were divided in two groups according to initial body mass index. After TIpS, normal weight patients had an increase in dry lean mass (from 10.9±5.9 kg to 12.7±5.6 kg, p=0.031) and TBW (from 34.5±7.6 L to 40.2±10.8 L,p=0.007), as well as insulin (from 88.9±49.2 pmol/L to 164.7±107.0 pmol/L,p=0.009) and HOMA-IR (from 3.36%±2.18% to 6.18%±4.82%,p=0.023). In overweight patients only FFA increased significantly (from 0.59±0.24 mmol/L to 0.93±0.34 mmol/L, p=0.023).CONCLUSION: TIpS procedure is effective in lowering portal pressure in patients with portal hypertension and improves body composition without significant changes in metabolic parameters.

关键词： Insulin resistance Liver cirrhosis Malnutrition portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt

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Distinct hippocampal pathways mediate dissociable roles of context in memory retrieval

Distinct hippocampal pathways mediate dissociable roles of c...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Chun Xu Sabine Krabbe Jan gründemann paolo Botta jonathan p.Fadok Fumitaka Osakada Dieter Saur Benjamin F.grewe Mark J.Schnitzer Edward M.Callaway Andreas Lüthi University of Basel Laboratory of Cellular pharmacology Nagoya University

Memories about sensory experiences are tightly linked to the context in which they were formed. Memory contextualization is fundamental for the selection of appropriate behavioral reactions needed for survival, yet the underlying neuronal circuits are poorly understood. By combining trans-synaptic viral tracing and optogenetic manipulation, we found that the ventral hippocampus（v HC） and the amygdala, two key brain structures encoding context and emotional experiences, interact via multiple parallel pathways. A projection from the v HC to the basal amygdala mediates fear behavior elicited by a conditioned context, whereas a parallel projection from a distinct subset of v HC neurons onto midbrain-projecting neurons in the central amygdala is necessary for context-dependent retrieval of cued fear memories. Our findings demonstrate that two fundamentally distinct roles of context in fear memory retrieval are processed by distinct v HC output pathways, thereby allowing for the formation of robust contextual fear memories while preserving context-dependent behavioral flexibility.

关键词： memory retrieval fear hippocampus amygdala rabies trans-synaptic tracing optogenetics contextual fear fear renewal

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Sea-air CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean for the austral summer in 2009

Sea-air CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean for the austral sum...

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福建省海洋学会2014年学术年会暨福建省科协第十四届学术年会

作者： Suqing Xu Liqi Chen Haiying Chen jonathan Li Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry Third Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Laboratory of Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Technology Third Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration University of Waterloo

The Southern Ocean is an important sink of atmospheric CO2 and the magnitude of the CO2 sink is uncertain because its ability to absorb CO2 changes significantly in the decades. An empirical relationship was deduced based on the in-situ p CO2 in the surface seawater and its main controls including Chl-a and SST obtained during the 26 th CHINARE cruise. An extrapolation model was set up combining the empirical relationship with remote sensing data to compute the air-sea carbon fluxes and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean(south of 50°S). Results of the extrapolation model show that it was a weak source of atmospheric CO2 in the area from 90°E to 90°W(clockwise) and 50°S to 75°S in November 2009. In December 2009, the study area was a weak sink. When the empirical relationship was extended spatially to the whole area from 50°S to 75°S, the results show that in November 2009 the Southern Ocean was a source of 2.8 TgC and in December 2009 it was a sink of-3.5 TgC. The peak flux estimation in 2009 from our results shows that the ability of carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean decreased by 47% compared to the climatological year 2000 of Takahashi et al.(2009). We also estimated the carbon absorption in three ocean sectors namely the south pacific ocean, the south Indian ocean and the south Atlantic ocean. For the austral summer, the south Atlantic ocean remained a strong carbon sink while the south Indian ocean declined by 40% between 1999 and 2009.

关键词： CHINARE the Southern Ocean extrapolation model remote sensing carbon flux

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