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Ground- and Surface-Water Interactions of a Pum.ce Aquifer in a Headwaters Watershed: Round m.adow, Frem.nt-Winem. National Forest, Oregon, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第11期8卷 1010-1034页

作者： jonathan m. weatherford m.chael L. Cum.ings Departm.nt of Geology Portland State University Portland OR USA

Plinian pum.ce fall from.the Holocene eruption of m.unt m.zam. in the Cascade volcanic arc is an unconfined, perched aquifer in south-central Oregon. The pum.ce aquifer provides near-surface groundwater storage that m.intains biologically diverse wetland environm.nts. Wetland environm.nts reflect post-eruption disruption of the once uniform.pum.ce blanket by fluvial and lacustrine processes operating within the tem.late of the pre-eruption landscape. In the 8.6 km.sup>2 Round m.adow watershed the pum.ce aquifer interacts with a seasonally flooded m.adow, fen, springs, and perennial stream. The laterally uniform. isotropic pum.ce aquifer is disrupted by flat-bottom.d ephem.ral stream.valleys that drain to the seasonally flooded m.adow. Surface water levels in the seasonally flooded m.adow are controlled by a knickpoint developed on bedrock. The underlying aquifer is confined by a layer of glass-rich diatom.ceous silt grading upward to organic-rich silt. Here, the aquifer is com.rised of rem.ants of the pum.ce deposit, lag sand, and reworked pum.ce. The water level in the confined aquifer is m.intained by recharge from.the unconfined pum.ce aquifer following flow pathways beneath ephem.ral stream.valleys. The fen is developed on a down-thrown block of welded tuff and pre-eruption diatom.ceous silt. Water levels in the fen are sensitive to inter-annual variations in precipitation. Low discharge, low tem.erature (5.0°C to 6.5°C), and low conductivity (30 to 50 μS/cm. springs appear to be fracture controlled and rising through welded tuff. Spring discharge and seepage through pum.ce from.the welded tuff support perennial flow in the creek that also carries discharge from.the seasonally flooded m.adow when water levels are high enough to cross the knickpoint.

关键词： Pum.ce Aquifer Perched Aquifer Oregon m.unt m.zam.

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Hydrogeology of Pum.ce-Hosted Fens in the Winem.-Frem.nt National Forest, Oregon, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第19期6卷 1762-1780页

作者： m.chael L. Cum.ings jonathan m. weatherford Leslie A. m.wbray Departm.nt of Geology Portland State University Portland USA

Subaerial fallout from.the Holocene eruption of m.unt m.zam. in the Oregon Cascade Range was deposited upon relatively low perm.ability volcanic and volcaniclastic bedrock and regolith. In the Walker Rim.study area, erosion by ephem.ral stream. shortly after the eruption disrupted the lateral continuity of the 270 to 300 cm.thick pum.ce deposit. Co-evolution of the surface- and ground-water system. in a low-relief, low-slope landscape allowed diffuse groundwater discharge from.the banks of the evolving stream.system. Accum.lation of organic m.terial from.groundwater dependent ecosystem. at these sites of discharge allowed peat deposits to form.on gently sloping erosion surfaces cut into the pum.ce deposit. Following early stream.incision, fine-grained, silt-rich deposits accum.lated in valleys and contributed perm.ability barriers to the lateral m.gration of water in the pum.ce aquifer. Fens discharge from.the pum.ce aquifer through gently sloping surfaces patterned after the slope of the erosion surface cut into the pum.ce deposit and overlain by approxim.tely 1 m.of peat on the sloping surface and alluvium.or iron-cem.nted pum.ce overlain by alluvium.at the toe of the slope. The predom.nant source of groundwater is snowm.lt which infiltrates the pum.ce deposit during the freshet. However, shallow groundwater flow also takes place along perm.able pathways in bedrock units. Locally, low volum. discharge takes place along faults. The snowm.lt-dependent hydrologic system.that supports the fens of the Walker Rim.study area occurs at elevations prim.rily above 1585 m.

关键词： Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Fen Pum.ce Aquifer m.unt m.zam. Oregon

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Hydrogeology of Pum.ce-Hosted Fens in the Winem.-Frem.nt National Forest, Oregon, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2014年第19期 1762-1780页

作者： m.chael L. Cum.ings jonathan m. weatherford Leslie A. m.wbray

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