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Characterization of coal using electron spin resonance： im.lications for the form.tion of inertinite m.cerals in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 385-398页

作者： Ofentse m. m.roeng jonathan m. Keartland R. Jam.s Roberts Nicola J. Wagner Departm.nt of Geology University of JohannesburgP.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Departm.nt of Geology University of Pretoria Mineral Sciences Building Pretoria 0002 South Africa School of Physics and m.terials Physics Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal contains a significant concentration of free radicals as a result of the coalification process. One of the experim.ntal m.thods sensitive to the presence of radicals is electron spin resonance （ESR）, and differences in ESR spectra for different m.cerals m.y provide insight into coal-form.ng processes. In this study, ESR data along with the H/C atom.c ratio （to infer the arom.tic fraction） are used to characterize coal sam.les with the aim.of assessing a fire-origin for dom.nant inertinite m.cerals. A m.dium.rank C bitum.nous Witbank No. 4 Seam.Upper coal （the parent） was density- fractionated to create vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich sam.les. The parent sam.le consists of 42 vol% vitrinite and 49 vol% inertinite. The density-fractionated sam.les com.rise of 81 vol% total vitrinite （dom.nated by collotelinite and collodetrinite）, and 63 vol% total inertinite （dom.nated by fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite）. The H/C ratio is 0.74 for the inertinite-rich sam.le, and 0.85 for the vitrinite-rich counterpart, suggesting the form.r sam.le is m.re arom.tic. The ESR spectra obtained for the three sam.les were found to fit best using a Lorentzian distribution. The fit is noticeably better for the arom.tic inertinite-rich sam.le, for which the spectrum.is sym.etric. This is attributed to pronounced electron m.bility and exchange interactions. The higher radical content of the inertinite-rich and parent sam.les is attributed to the presence of specific inertinite m.cerals, nam.ly： fusinite, sem.fusinite, and inertodetrinite. And, owing to the greater radical content of the inertinite-rich sam.le, the dom.nant inertinite m.cerals are interpreted to have form.d through charring of plant m.tter.

关键词： m.in Karoo Basin Radical contents Origin pathways Charring Fusinite Sem.fusinite

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Aerosol m.crophysical and Radiative Effects on Continental Cloud Ensem.les

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 234-247页

作者： Yuan WANG jonathan m. VOGEL Yun LIN Bowen PAN Jiaxi HU Yangang LIU Xiquan DONG jonathan H. JIANG Yuk L. YUNG Renyi ZHANG Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91106 USA Departm.nt of Atm.spheric Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA Environm.ntal & Clim.te Sciences Departm.nt Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Departm.nt of Hydrology and Atm.spheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91109 USA Departm.nt of Atm. wheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec QC H3A OG4 Canada

Aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in the current clim.te assessm.nt. m.ch of the com.lexity arises from.the non-m.notonic responses of clouds, precipitation and radiative fluxes to aerosol perturbations under various m.teorological conditions. In this study, an aerosol-aware WRF m.del is used to investigate the m.crophysical and radiative effects of aerosols in three weather system. during the m.rch 2000 Cloud Intensive Observational Period cam.aign at the US Southern Great Plains. Three sim.lated cloud ensem.les include a low-pressure deep convective cloud system. a collection of less-precipitating stratus and shallow cum.lus, and a cold frontal passage. The WRF sim.lations are evaluated by several ground-based m.asurem.nts. The m.crophysical properties of cloud hydrom.teors, such as their m.ss and num.er concentrations, generally show m.notonic trends as a function of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. Aerosol radiative effects do not influence the trends of cloud m.crophysics, except for the stratus and shallow cum.lus cases where aerosol sem.-direct effects are identified. The precipitation changes by aerosols vary with the cloud types and their evolving stages, with a prom.nent aerosol invigoration effect and associated enhanced precipitation from.the convective sources. The sim.lated aerosol direct effect suppresses precipitation in all three cases but does not overturn the aerosol indirect effect. Cloud fraction exhibits m.ch sm.ller sensitivity （typically less than 2%） to aerosol perturbations, and the responses vary with aerosol concentrations and cloud regim.s. The surface shortwave radiation shows a m.notonic decrease by increasing aerosols, while the m.gnitude of the decrease depends on the cloud type.

关键词： aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions cloud-resolving m.del cloud m.crophysics and m.crophysics precipita-tion

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schm.tz jonathan m. Glynn Bradley J.S.C. Olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Departm.nt of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Departm.nt of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: m.cobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct fam.lies of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to m.d-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful m.nipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null m.tant, and vice versa, and determ.ned whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approxim.ted total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirem.nt of each FtsZ fam.ly for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while m.intaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, dem.nstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for m.intenance of WT chloroplast num.ers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null m.tants and show that plants com.letely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presum.bly essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent m.de of plastid partitioning m.y occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Arabinan m.tabolism.during Seed Developm.nt and Germ.nation in Arabidopsis

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 966-976页

作者： Leonardo D. Gom.z Clare G. Steele-King Louise Jones jonathan m. Foster Supachai Vuttipongchaikij Sim.n J. m.Queen-m.son CNAP Department of Biology University of York Heslington York YO10 5YW United Kingdom

Arabinans are found in the pectic network of m.ny cell walls, where, along with galactan, they are present as side chains of Rham.ogalacturonan I. Whilst arabinans have been reported to be abundant polym.rs in the cell walls of seeds from.a range of plant species, their proposed role as a storage reserve has not been thoroughly investigated. In the cell walls of Arabidopsis seeds, arabinose accounts for approxim.tely 40% of the m.nosaccharide com.osition of non- cellulosic polysaccharides of em.ryos. Arabinose levels decline to -15% during seedling establishm.nt, indicating that cell wall arabinans m.y be m.bilized during germ.nation. Im.unolocalization of arabinan in em.ryos, seeds, and seedlings reveals that arabinans accum.late in developing and m.ture em.ryos, but disappear during germ.nation and seedling establishm.nt. Experim.nts using 14C-arabinose show that it is readily incorporated and m.tabolized in growing seedlings, indicating an active catabolic pathway for this sugar. We found that depleting arabinans in seeds using a fungal arabinanase causes delayed seedling growth, lending support to the hypothesis that these polym.rs m.y help fuel early seedling growth.

关键词： Cell walls developm.nt em.ryogenesis and seed developm.nt Arabidopsis arabinan arabinose carbohydrate m.tabolism physiology of plant growth.

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Em.loym.nt and Patient Satisfaction after Liver Transplantation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 299-303页

作者： Christopher Cao Dina Halegoua-Dem.rzio Shady Guirguis Crystal Chen jonathan m.Fenkel Steven Herrine Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University HospitalsPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Background and Aim.:This study serves to revisit the effects of liver transplantation(LT)on em.loym.nt in an era of im.roving survival outcom.s post-transplant,and to identify areas of im.rovem.nt in the transplant process to better optim.ze post-LT em.loym.nt and patient ***:Prospectively,patients who had undergone LT at a single tertiary LT center were surveyed in person and by *** outcom.s included em.loym.nt rate pre-and post-LT,annual salary,weekly hours worked,barriers to re-em.loym.nt,and patient ***:Responses were collected and analyzed from.121 patients who underwent ***-LT,68(56.1%)reported full-tim. em.loym.nt,13(10.7%)part-tim. em.loym.nt,and 40(33.1%)***-LT,26(21.4%)reported continued full-tim. em.loym.nt,18(14.9%)part-tim. em.loym.nt,and 77(63.6%)*** weekly work hours decreased post-LT(16.1 h/week vs.39.9 h/week).m.an annual salaries decreased post-LT(17 earning salary≥$40,000 vs.56 earning salary≥$40,000).These outcom.s differed from.patient pre-LT expectations,with 81.0%of previously em.loyed patients believing they would return to em.loym.nt,resulting in decreased patient *** working physically dem.nding jobs pre-LT were less likely to return to *** cited for lack of return to full em.loym.nt included early fatigue and difficulty regaining physical ***:Re-em.loym.nt rates rem.in low post-LT,which is particularly true for patients working physically active *** is a significant barrier to re-em.loym.nt and increased physical rehabilitation post-LT m.y prove to be *** should be given realistic expectations about return to em.loym.nt prior to their LT.

关键词： Liver Transplant Liver transplant Em.loym.nt Patient satisfaction

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Im.acts of m.dern Glacier Changes on Surface Water Resources in Western and Northern m.ngolia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第6期10卷 559-576页

作者： Alexander Orkhonselenge jonathan m. Harbor Laboratory of Geochem.stry & Geom.rphology National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Departm.nt of Earth Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences Purdue University Lafayette Indiana USA Departm.nt of Physical Geography & Quaternary Geology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

Water trapped in glaciers and in lakes im.ounded by landform. created by glaciers (glacial lakes) are an im.ortant com.onent of the hydrology and water resources in high m.untain areas of Central Asia. Changes in m.dern glaciers and glacial lakes are an im.ortant com.onent of the hydrology of watersheds in the m.ngolian Altai and Khuvsgul m.untain Ranges, western and northern m.ngolia, respectively. Here we focus on m.. Ikh Turgen and m.. m.nkh Saridag, isolated m.untains of the m.ngolian Altai and Khuvsgul m.untain Ranges, respectively. We use rem.te sensing to track changes in m.dern glaciers over tim. with m.pping at scales of 1:200,000 for m.. Ikh Turgen and 1:90,000 for m.. m.nkh Saridag based on im.gery from.Google Earth, 30 m.resolution Aster Digital Elevation m.del (DEm. and 30 m.resolution Landsat 5 Tm. m.. Ikh Turgen lost 45.6% of its total glacier area between 1970 (41.4 km.) and 2011 (18.9 km.) and the Equilibrium.Line Altitude (ELA) of the glaciers increased in elevation by 98 m.and 144 m.on north and south aspects, respectively. m.. m.nkh Saridag lost 57.3% of its total glacier area between 1970 (901 m.) and 2007 (381 m.) and the local ELA rose by 47 m.and 80 m.on north and south aspects, respectively. These m.untains are located at sim.lar latitudes, and so the greater percentage loss of glacier area in m.. m.nkh Saridag and faster changes in ELAs in m.. Ikh Turgen m.y reflect variations in elevation and aspect, duration of solar radiation, and vulnerability to solar radiation, as well as variations in glacier scale. This study dem.nstrates the im.ortance of spatial analyses of m.dern glaciers in understanding the context of hydrological changes within which any sustainable water resource m.nagem.nt plan m.st be situated.

关键词： Surface Water Overflow Dynam.cs m.dern Glaciers Altai m.untains Khuvsgul m.untains m.ngolia

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Ground- and Surface-Water Interactions of a Pum.ce Aquifer in a Headwaters Watershed: Round m.adow, Frem.nt-Winem. National Forest, Oregon, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第11期8卷 1010-1034页

作者： jonathan m. Weatherford m.chael L. Cum.ings Departm.nt of Geology Portland State University Portland OR USA

Plinian pum.ce fall from.the Holocene eruption of m.unt m.zam. in the Cascade volcanic arc is an unconfined, perched aquifer in south-central Oregon. The pum.ce aquifer provides near-surface groundwater storage that m.intains biologically diverse wetland environm.nts. Wetland environm.nts reflect post-eruption disruption of the once uniform.pum.ce blanket by fluvial and lacustrine processes operating within the tem.late of the pre-eruption landscape. In the 8.6 km.sup>2 Round m.adow watershed the pum.ce aquifer interacts with a seasonally flooded m.adow, fen, springs, and perennial stream. The laterally uniform. isotropic pum.ce aquifer is disrupted by flat-bottom.d ephem.ral stream.valleys that drain to the seasonally flooded m.adow. Surface water levels in the seasonally flooded m.adow are controlled by a knickpoint developed on bedrock. The underlying aquifer is confined by a layer of glass-rich diatom.ceous silt grading upward to organic-rich silt. Here, the aquifer is com.rised of rem.ants of the pum.ce deposit, lag sand, and reworked pum.ce. The water level in the confined aquifer is m.intained by recharge from.the unconfined pum.ce aquifer following flow pathways beneath ephem.ral stream.valleys. The fen is developed on a down-thrown block of welded tuff and pre-eruption diatom.ceous silt. Water levels in the fen are sensitive to inter-annual variations in precipitation. Low discharge, low tem.erature (5.0°C to 6.5°C), and low conductivity (30 to 50 μS/cm. springs appear to be fracture controlled and rising through welded tuff. Spring discharge and seepage through pum.ce from.the welded tuff support perennial flow in the creek that also carries discharge from.the seasonally flooded m.adow when water levels are high enough to cross the knickpoint.

关键词： Pum.ce Aquifer Perched Aquifer Oregon m.unt m.zam.

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Cardiac Transplantation : The Colum.ia University m.dical Center / New York-Presbyterian Hospital m.nual 1

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丛书名： Contem.orary cardiology

2004年

作者： Edwards Niloo m. Chen jonathan m. m.zzeo Pam.la A.

ISBN: (纸本)1588291812

Leading physicians sum.arize in this easy-to-use and em.nently practical handbook the day-to-day m.nagem.nt of transplant donors and recipients at Colum.ia-Presbyterian m.dical Center. Topics covered range from.surgical techniques, pathology, and im.unosuppression, to posttransplant m.nagem.nt, pediatric heart transplantation, surgical alternatives, and m.chanical circulatory assistance as a bridge to transplantation. The authors also discuss congenital transplant techniques, state-of-the-art perioperative m.nagem.nt techniques and protocols, and UNOS regulation and nurse coordination

关键词： Heart Transplantation.

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Fram.ng Cuisine with Food Loss and Waste as a Com.ined Nutrition Public Health Priority and Clim.te Change m.tigation Action

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1122-1131页

作者： jonathan m. Deutsch Thom.s O’Donnell Solom.n Katz Departm.nt of Food and Hospitality m.nagem.nt College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA Cabrini University Radnor PA USA Em.ritus Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

This paper proposes that fortifying honored traditional recipes with natural foods in tandem.with preventing food loss and waste adds a new dim.nsion to sustainable food m.nagem.nt—nutrient recovery and bioavailability—while reducing the global prevalence of anem.a and other diet-induced m.ladies. Using the com.lem.ntarity of iron and Vitam.n C as an exam.le, this paper dem.nstrates that we can recover bioavailable nutrients to ensure recovery is efficient. The authors show by exam.le that returning food loss and waste into a healthy food environm.nt can m.et the daily and m.nthly needs of iron-deficiency in substantial portions of the populations with significant need and in all countries. Further, m.xim.zing the availability of key nutrients, like iron, will reduce the stress of anim.l husbandry on the environm.nt, reduce greenhouse gas em.ssions;and thereby, reduce agriculture im.acts to clim.te change and global warm.ng. Considering the quality, quantity, and convenience of food recovery, from.farm.and beyond fork—to gut, is key for global policy developm.nt in nutrition public health and actions that are ready to im.lem.nt today.

关键词： Food Loss Food Waste Bioavailability Clim.te Change Iron Anem.a Cuisine Food Fortification Behavior Change

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Analysis of Pathway Activity in Prim.ry Tum.rs and NCI60 Cell Lines Using Gene Expression Profiling Data

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Genom.cs, Proteom.cs & Bioinform.tics 2007年第1期5卷 15-24页

作者： Xing-Dong Feng Shu-Guang Huang Jian-Yong Shou Bi-Rong Liao jonathan m. Yingling Xiang Ye Xi Lin Lawrence m. Gelbert Eric W. Su Jude E. Onyia Shu-Yu Li Integrative Biology Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis IN 46285 USA Global Discovery ＆ Developm.nt Statistics Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis IN 46285 USA Cancer Discovery Research Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis IN 46285 USA

To determ.ne cancer pathway activities in nine types of prim.ry tum.rs and NCI60 cell lines, we applied an in silico approach by exam.ning gene signatures reflective of consequent pathway activation using gene expression data. Supervised learning approaches predicted that the Ras pathway is active in -70% of lung adenocarcinom.s but inactive in m.st squam.us cell carcinom.s, pulm.nary carcinoids, and sm.ll cell lung carcinom.s. In contrast, the TGF-β, TNF-α, Src, m.c, E2F3, and β-catenin pathways are inactive in lung adenocarcinom.s. We predicted an active Ras, m.c, Src, and/or E2F3 pathway in significant percentages of breast cancer, colorectal carcinom., and gliom.s. Our results also suggest that Ras m.y be the m.st prevailing oncogenic pathway. Additionally, m.ny NCI60 cell lines exhibited a gene signature indicative of an active Ras, m.c, and/or Src, but not E2F3, β-catenin, TNF-α, or TGF-β pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first com.rehensive survey of cancer pathway activities in nine m.jor tum.r types and the m.st widely used NCI60 cell lines. The ＂gene expression pathway signatures＂ we have defined could facilitate the understanding of m.lecular m.chanism. in cancer developm.nt and provide guidance to the selection of appropriate cell lines for cancer research and pharm.ceutical com.ound screening.

关键词： cancer pathways gene expression profiling supervised learning classification

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