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The consequences of genomic architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： Sean m. ROGERS jonathan A. mEE Ella BOWLES Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genomics era. Despite decades of evidence confirming the role of the environment in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genomics of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genomic architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the number, location, effect size, and interactions among the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and reproductive isolation in these fishes reinforces the importance of considering genomic architecture in studies of ecological speci-ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environments by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo mutations are unlikely under such recent divergence times. We hypothesize that modular genomic architectures in postglacial fish taxa may be associated with the probability of population persistence. Empirical studies have confirmed the genic nature of ecological speciation, implicating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium across the genome. An understanding of these genomic mosaics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers remains unclear, but migration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge-nomic architecture is an important component of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organisms to test these questions, both from the perspective of variation in architectures among taxa, and with respect to the distinct environments they have colonized. However, more empirical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed.

关键词：基因组结构生态形态鱼类生态冰后期淡水环境连锁不平衡基因组学相互作用

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10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing using UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C micro-LEDs

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 516-523页

作者： Daniel m.maclure jonathan J.D.mcKendry mohamed Sufyan Islim Enyuan Xie Cheng Chen Xiaobin Sun Xudong Liang Xiaohui Huang Hanaa Abumarshoud Johannes Herrnsdorf Erdan Gu Harald Haas martin D.Dawson Institute of Photonics Department of PhysicsSUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G11RDUK LiFi Research and Development Centre Department of Electronic&Electrical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeTechnology&Innovation CentreGlasgow G11RDUK Fraunhofer Center of Applied Photonics Technology&Innovation CentreGlasgow G11RDUK Zhixin Semiconductor(Hangzhou)Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 311200China

Deep ultraviolet(DUV) optical wireless communications have seen increased interest in recent years due to the unique properties of light in this spectral region. However, the reported DUV data rates remain significantly lower than comparable demonstrations at visible wavelengths due to lower modulation bandwidths and/or output power of the sources. Here, we present a wavelength division multiplexing demonstration using three UV microlight-emitting diodes emitting at nominal peak wavelengths of 285, 317, and 375 nm, respectively, each with an emitting area of approximately 1369 μm^(2)(equivalent to circular device pixels of diameter;0 μm). Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, data rates of 4.17, 3.02, and 3.13 Gbps were achieved from the 285, 317, and 375 nm devices, respectively, for a combined data rate of 10.32 Gbps transmitted over a distance of 0.5 m.

关键词： Gbps multiplexing diodes

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Use of orthotics with orthotic sandals versus the sole use of orthotics for plantar fasciitis:Randomised controlled trial

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世界骨科杂志:英文版 2023年第9期14卷 707-719页

作者： Portia Amoako-Tawiah Holly Love Jaida Chacko madathilethu Jessica LaCourse Alice E Fortune jonathan m G Sims George Ampat School of medicine University of LiverpoolMerseysideLiverpool L693GEUnited Kingdom Urology Royal Stoke University HospitalStaffordshireStoke ST46QGUnited Kingdom Research Unit Talita Cumi Ltd.MerseysideSouthport PR83NSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Plantar fasciitis(PF)affects around 10%of the *** orthotics with arch support has been shown to provide symptom relief in PF by decreasing the repetitive stress sustained by the plantar ***,prefabricated orthotics are only effective when shoes are worn,meaning the foot may be left unsupported when it is impractical to wear *** orthotic sandals in conjunction with prefabricated orthotics may increase PF symptom relief,as they can be worn inside the home,extending the period in which the foot is *** To compare the combined use of prefabricated orthotics and orthotic sandals vs the sole use of prefabricated orthotics in the treatment of *** 98 participants with PF were randomised into two *** intervention group received the Aetrex L420 Compete orthotics and the Aetrex L3000 maui Flips(orthotic sandals),whilst the control group received the Aetrex L420 Compete orthotics *** pain was assessed both by the numerical rating scale(NRS)and the pain sub-scale of the foot health status questionnaire(FHSQ).Foot functionality was measured using the function sub-scale of the *** change was measured using the global rating of change scale(GROC).RESULTS Foot pain scores measured both by NRS and FHSQ pain sub-scale showed statistically significant reductions in foot pain in both groups(Pmprovements(Pmeasured by the FHSQ function subscale and improvement of symptoms as measured by the GROC ***-group analysis showed that the intervention group with the combined use of orthotics and orthotic sandals scored better on all four outcome measures as compared to the control group with the sole use of ***,the between-group analysis only reached statistical significance on the NRS pain score(Pmbined use of prefabricated orthotics and orthotic sandals provides a greater d

关键词： Plantar fasciitis Foot diseases musculoskeletal pain Foot orthoses

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AGRONOmIC AND ENVIRONmENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB-AND LEGUmE-RICH mULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： Emily C.COOLEDGE David R.CHADWICK Lydia m.J.SmITH jonathan R.LEAKE Davey L.JONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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Partial Shape matching Without Point-Wise Correspondence

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Numerical mathematics(Theory,methods and Applications) 2013年第1期6卷 223-244页

作者： jonathan Pokrass Alexander m.Bronstein michael m.Bronstein School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv UniversityIsrael Institute of Computational Science Faculty of InformaticsUniversitàdella Svizzera Italiana(USI)LuganoSwitzerland

Partial similarity of shapes is a challenging problem arising in many important applications in computer vision,shape analysis,and graphics,*** one has to deal with partial information and acquisition *** problem is especially hard when the underlying shapes are non-rigid and are given up to a *** matching is usually approached by computing local descriptors on a pair of shapes and then establishing a point-wise non-bijective correspondence between the two,taking into account possibly different *** this paper,we introduce an alternative correspondence-less approach to matching fragments to an entire shape undergoing a non-rigid *** use region-wise local descriptors and optimize over the integration domains on which the integral descriptors of the two parts *** problem is regularized using the mumford-Shah *** show an efficient discretization based on the Ambrosio-Tortorelli approximation generalized to triangular point clouds and meshes,and present experiments demonstrating the success of the proposed method.

关键词： Deformable shapes partial matching partial correspondence partial similarity diffusion geometry Laplace-Beltrami operator shape descriptors heat kernel signature mumford-Shah regularization

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer in women:A prospective pilot study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 457-462页

作者： Baruch Vainshelboim Ricardo m.Lima jonathan myers master of Cancer Care Program School of Health SciencesSaint Francis UniversityLorettoPA 15940USA Cardiology Division Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA Faculty of Physical Education University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900Brazil

Purpose:To assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and the incidence and mortality from cancer in women,and to evaluate the potential public health implications for cancer ***:maximal exercise testing was performed in a pilot cohort of 184 women(59.3 ± 15.2 years)who were followed for 12.0 ± 6.9 *** hazard models adjusted for established cancer risk factors and accounting for competing events were analyzed for all-type cancer incidence and mortality from ***-attributable risks and exposure impact number were determined for low CRF(metabolic equivalents(mETs))as a risk ***:During the follow-up,11.4% of the participants were diagnosed with cancer and 3.2% died from *** was inversely and independently associated with cancer *** every 1-metabolic equivalent increase in CRF,there was a 20% decrease in the risk of cancer incidence(hazard ratio(HR)= 0.80,95% confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.92;p=0.001)and a 26% reduction in risk of cancer mortality(HR = 0.74,95%CI:0.61-0.90;p=0.002).The population-attributable risks of low CRF were 11.6% and 14% for incidence and mortality of cancer,respectively,and the respective exposure impact numbers were 8 and ***:Greater CRF was independently associated with a lower risk of incidence and mortality from cancer in *** for low CRF as a cancer risk factor and referring unfit individuals to a supervised exercise program could be a public health strategy for cancer prevention in middle-age women.

关键词： Exercise capacity Exercise testing Fitness Public health

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Convergence Detection in Direct Simulation monte Carlo Calculations for Steady State Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第9期10卷 807-822页

作者： jonathan m.Burt Iain D.Boyd U.S.Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan1320 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI 48109USA

A new criterion is presented to detect global convergence to steady state,and to identify local transient characteristics,during rarefied gas flow simulations performed using the direct simulation monte Carlo(DSmC)*** deterministic computational fluid dynamics(CFD)schemes,DSmC is generally subject to large statistical scatter in instantaneous flow property evaluations,which prevents the use of residual tracking procedures as are often employed in CFD ***,reliable prediction of the time to reach steady state is necessary for initialization of DSmC sampling *** currently used in DSmC to identify steady state convergence are usually insensitive to weak transient behavior in small regions of relatively low density or recirculating *** proposed convergence criterion is developed with the goal of properly identifying such weak transient behavior,while adding negligible computational expense and allowing simple implementation in any existing DSmC *** of the proposed technique over existing convergence detection methods are demonstrated for representative nozzle/plume expansion flow,hypersonic blunt body flow and driven cavity flow problems.

关键词： monte Carlo methods particle methods direct simulation monte Carlo

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Improving detection of cerebral small vessel disease aetiology in patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 26-33页

作者： Alvin S Das Elif Gokcal Robert W Regenhardt mitchell J Horn Kristin Schwab Nader Daoud Anand Viswanathan W Taylor Kimberly Joshua N Goldstein Alessandro Biffi Natalia Rost jonathan Rosand Lee H Schwamm Steven m Greenberg m Edip Gurol Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Emergency medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background and purpose We evaluate whether non-haemorrhagic imaging markers(NHIm)(white matter hyperintensity patterns,lacunes and enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS))can discriminate cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)from hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease(HTN-cSVD)among patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage(isolated-LICH).methods In patients with isolated-LICH,four cSVD aetiologic groups were created by incorporating the presence/distribution of NHIm:HTN-cSVD pattern,CAA pattern,mixed NHIm and no *** pattern consisted of patients with any combination of severe centrum semiovale EPVS,lobar lacunes or multiple subcortical spots ***-cSVD pattern consisted of any HTN-cSVD markers:severe basal ganglia PVS,deep lacunes or peribasal ganglia white matter hyperintensity *** NHIm consisted of at least one imaging marker from either *** hypothesis was that patients with HTN-cSVD pattern/mixed NHIm would have a higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),which is associated with *** In 261 patients with isolated-LICH,CAA pattern was diagnosed in 93 patients,HTN-cSVD pattern in 53 patients,mixed NHIm in 19 patients and no NHIm in 96 *** frequency of LVH was similar among those with HTN-cSVD pattern and mixed NHIm(50%vs 39%,p=0.418)but was more frequent in HTN-cSVD pattern compared with CAA pattern(50%vs 20%,pmodel,HTN-cSVD pattern(OR:7.38;95%CI 2.84 to 19.20)and mixed NHIm(OR:4.45;95%CI 1.25 to 15.90)were found to be independently associated with *** Among patients with isolated-LICH,NHIm may help differentiate HTN-cSVD from CAA,using LVH as a marker for HTN-cSVD.

关键词： patients cerebral hypertensive

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Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in The Fight Against Primary Biliary Cholangitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 949-957页

作者： Abigail medford jonathan Childs Ashleigh Little Sanjukta Chakraborty Leonardo Baiocchi Gianfranco Alpini Shannon Glaser Department of medical Physiology Texas A&M University School of MedicineBryanTXUSA Hepatology Unit University of Tor VergataRomeItaly Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

The liver has a vital role in many metabolic and regulatory processes in the *** biliary cholangitis(PBC),previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis,is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune disease of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with loss of tolerance to mitochondrial *** this time there is no definitive cure for PBC;however,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)has been shown to reduce injury when administered as the first line of *** therapeutics can be given concurrently or as an alternative to UDCA to manage the symptoms and further curb disease ***,a liver transplant is the only potentially curative option when the patient has developed end-stage liver disease or intractable *** review aims to delineate the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis and shed light on current therapeutic strategies in the treatment of PBC.

关键词： Cholestatic liver disease Therapeutic approaches Biliary epithelia ursodeoxycholic acid

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Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using a high-resolution model simulation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第4期16卷 47-57页

作者： Hengrui Tao Jia Xing Gaofeng Pan jonathan Pleim Limei Ran Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Guojing Li Fei Chen Junhua Li Aviation University of Air Force Changchun 130022China School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Research Triangle Park Environmental Protection AgencyNC 27711USA East Remote Sensing Laboratory United States Department of AgricultureNC 20250USA Unit No.96941 of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100041China Unit No.31010 of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100081China

Anthropogenic heat emissions(AHE)play an important role in modulating the atmospheric thermodynamic and kinetic properties within the urban planetary boundary layer,particularly in densely populated megacities like *** this study,we estimate the AHE by using a Large-scale Urban Consumption of energY(LUCY)model and further couple LUCY with a high-resolution regional chemical transport model to evaluate the impact of AHE on atmospheric environment in *** areas with high AHE,the 2-m temperature(T_(2))increased to varying degrees and showed distinct diurnal and seasonal variations with maxima in night and *** increase in 10-m wind speed(WS_(10))and planetary boundary layer height(PBLH)exhibited slight diurnal variations but showed significant seasonal ***,the systematic continuous precipitation increased by 2.1 mm due to the increase in PBLH and water vapor in upper *** contrast,the precipitation in local thermal convective showers increased little because of the limited water ***,the Pm_(2.5) reduced in areas with high AHE because of the increase in WS_(10) and PBLH and continued to reduce as the pollution levels *** contrast,in areas where prevailing wind direction was opposite to that of thermal circulation caused by AHE,the WS_(10) reduced,leading to increased Pm_(2.5).The changes of Pm_(2.5) illustrated that a reasonable AHE scheme might be an effective means to improve the performance of Pm_(2.5) ***,high AHE aggravated the O_(3) pollution in urban areas due to the reduction in NO_(x).

关键词： Anthropogenic heat emissions LUCY High-resolution meteorological parameters Air quality

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