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Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry

Protein & Cell 2010年第7期1卷 664-674页

作者： kristelle S.Brown Michael J.keogh Ania M.Owsianka Richard Adair Arvind H.Patel James N.Arnold jonathan k.ball Robert B.Sim Alexander W.Tarr Timothy P.Hickling Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationSchool of Molecular Medical SciencesThe University of NottinghamQueen’s Medical CentreNottinghamNG72UHUK The Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research University of GlasgowChurch StreetGlasgowG115JRUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOX13QUUK Present address:Vitrology Biotech 5 South AvenueClydebank Business ParkGlasgowG812LGUK Present address:Pfizer Technologies Ltd. Ramsgate RoadSandwichKentCT139NJUK

Mannan-binding lectin(MBL)is a soluble innate immune protein that binds to glycosylated *** acts as an opsonin and activates complement,contributing to the destruction and clearance of infecting *** C virus(HCV)encodes two envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2,expressed as non-covalent E1/E2 heterodimers in the viral envelope.E1 and E2 are potential ligands for *** we describe an analysis of the interaction between HCV and MBL using recombinant soluble E2 ectodomain fragment,the full-length E1/E2 heterodimer,expressed in vitro,and assess the effect of this interaction on virus entry.A binding assay using antibody capture of full length E1/E2 heterodimers was used to demonstrate calcium dependent,saturating binding of MBL to HCV *** with various saccharides further confirmed that the interaction was via the lectin domain of *** binds to E1/E2 representing a broad range of virus *** was shown to neutralize the entry into Huh-7 cells of HCV pseudoparticles(HCVpp)bearing E1/E2 from a wide range of *** were neutralized to varying *** was also shown to neutralize an authentic cell culture infectious virus,strain JFH-1(HCVcc).Furthermore,binding of MBL to E1/E2 was able to activate the complement system via MBL-associated serine protease *** conclusion,MBL interacts directly with HCV glycoproteins,which are present on the surface of the virion,resulting in neutralization of HCV particles.

关键词： hepatitis C virus neutralization mannose binding lectin chronic viral infection

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Rights-Based Education Programming: A Complimentary Approach for Addressing Poverty, Education Inequality, and Development in Zimbabwe

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Journal of International Education and Practice 2022年第1期5卷 29-39页

作者： Argnue Chitiyo jonathan Chitiyo Zachary Pietrantoni Department of Special Education Ball State UniversityUnited States Department of Management and Education University of Pittsburgh at BradfordUnited States School of Education and Human Development Florida International UniversityUnited States

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of 2015 sought to eradicate major problems facing the *** states ratifying these goals were tasked to formulate and institute policies aimed at addressing the global economic,political,social,and environmental *** major goals sought to address fundamental issues on poverty,universal education,and gender *** MDGs were succeeded by the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)which are targeted to be achieved by *** intersectionality of the development goals and education cannot be *** has been identified as a key strategy for addressing poverty,hunger,and gender *** several countries ratified the MDGs,most did not achieve the goals by 2015.A shift in policy is necessary to close the achievement gap and to help the eff orts for achieving the 2030 *** paper addresses Zimbabwe’s progress towards the *** on key indicators of quality education,poverty,and inequality of opportunities is ***,the paper suggests a rights-based education programming framework to help accelerate achievement of the SDGs.

关键词： Zimbabwe Rights-based education Millennium Development Goals

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铜引线键合中影响焊球硬度因素的研究(英文)

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电子工业专用设备 2009年第11期38卷 10-18页

作者： Hong Meng Ho Yee Chen Tan Heng Mui Goh Wee Chong Tan Boon Hoe Toh jonathan Tan Zhao Wei Zhong kulicke ＆ Sofia Pte. Ltd kulicke ＆ Sofia （S.E.A.） Pte. Ltd Nanyang Technological University Serangoon North Ave 5 #03-16 Singapore 554910

铜丝球焊由于其经济优势和优越的电气性能近来得到了普及,然而,在引线键合工艺中用铜丝取代金丝面临着一些技术上的挑战。多年来,IC芯片焊盘结构已经逐步适应了金丝球焊。铜在本质上比金硬度高,因此以铜线取代金线便引出了有关硬度的问... 详细信息

铜丝球焊由于其经济优势和优越的电气性能近来得到了普及,然而,在引线键合工艺中用铜丝取代金丝面临着一些技术上的挑战。多年来,IC芯片焊盘结构已经逐步适应了金丝球焊。铜在本质上比金硬度高,因此以铜线取代金线便引出了有关硬度的问题。研究了用25.4μm铜丝球焊中与键合机参数有关的铜焊球硬度特性。采用电子打火系统不同的电流和打火时间设置,用5%氢气和95%氮气组成的惰性保护气体形成了一个典型的25.4μm大小的铜焊球,研究了维氏硬度的焊球。用实验设计建立了第一和第二键合参数,进行了无空气焊球基本数据调整。通过改变电子打火系统参数,对硬度特性进行了进一步的测试。典型的键合球的大小和厚度的第一键合响应证实铜键合球的生产实力与电子打火系统的电流和打火时间有关。

关键词：铜丝键合电子打火系统无空气焊球维氏硬度实验设计

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