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鼠眼视角

科技纵览 2024年第3期 16-17页

作者： Willie d.jones 不详

在自然界中,很多动物没有第二次尝试的机会。啮齿动物等小型生物提升躲避捕食者技巧的同时,也丧失了安全的栖息空间。不过,位于伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿的美国西北大学的研究人员开发了适合小鼠大小的虚拟现实护目镜,可以让实验室里的小动物... 详细信息

在自然界中,很多动物没有第二次尝试的机会。啮齿动物等小型生物提升躲避捕食者技巧的同时,也丧失了安全的栖息空间。不过,位于伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿的美国西北大学的研究人员开发了适合小鼠大小的虚拟现实护目镜,可以让实验室里的小动物在没有被猫头鹰吃掉的实际威胁时获得生死攸关的体验。这些虚拟现实实验也对人类有益。

关键词：伊利诺伊州虚拟现实美国西北大学埃文斯护目镜啮齿动物猫头鹰捕食者

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了解地球上的“金星”

科技纵览 2024年第2期 16-17页

作者： Willie d.jones 不详

被派往研究距离太阳第二近、距离地球第三近的金星的航天器已经因高温而烧毁,造成高温的部分原因是金星上密集的火山活动。对科学家们而言幸运的是,金星上发生的这种火山活动,在地球上某些地方也会发生。冰岛就是一个这样的地方。图中... 详细信息

被派往研究距离太阳第二近、距离地球第三近的金星的航天器已经因高温而烧毁,造成高温的部分原因是金星上密集的火山活动。对科学家们而言幸运的是,金星上发生的这种火山活动,在地球上某些地方也会发生。冰岛就是一个这样的地方。图中所示的区域是格林达维克,这里曾经是一个田园诗般的冰岛村庄,有着悠闲的小镇生活。

关键词：火山活动金星冰岛地球田园诗距离航天器

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机器人蜂群的自主性

科技纵览 2024年第7期 16-17页

作者： Willie d.jones 不详

在仿生机器人领域中,最新流行的话题是图中这种机器人蜜蜂。德国内卡河畔埃斯林根的自动化技术公司Festo生产的这只仿生蜜蜂比一只真正的蜜蜂大一个数量级。要了解仿生蜜蜂的大小,可以想象一只冠蓝鸦或一只超大的蜂鸟,不过它们的翅膀是... 详细信息

在仿生机器人领域中,最新流行的话题是图中这种机器人蜜蜂。德国内卡河畔埃斯林根的自动化技术公司Festo生产的这只仿生蜜蜂比一只真正的蜜蜂大一个数量级。要了解仿生蜜蜂的大小,可以想象一只冠蓝鸦或一只超大的蜂鸟,不过它们的翅膀是前后拍打(更接近真正蜜蜂的运动模式)而不是上下拍打。

关键词：仿生机器人自动化技术埃斯林蜜蜂内卡河蜂群拍打自主性

Mid-term outcomes of a kinematically designed cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 118-128页

作者： jonathan L Katzman Akram A Habibi Muhammad A Haider Casey Cardillo Ivan Fernandez-Madrid Morteza Meftah Ran Schwarzkopf department of Orthopedic Surgery Division of Adult Reconstructive SurgeryNYU Langone Orthopedic HospitalNYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10010United States

BACKgROUNd Advances in implant material and design have allowed for improvements in total knee arthroplasty(TKA)outcomes.A cruciate retaining(CR)TKA provides the least constraint of TKA designs by preserving the native posterior cruciate *** research exists that has examined clinical outcomes or patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)of a large cohort of patients undergoing a CR TKA utilizing a kinematically designed *** was hypothesized that the studied CR Knee System would demonstrate favorable outcomes and a clinically significant improvement in pain and functional *** To assess both short-term and mid-term clinical outcomes and PROMs of a novel CR TKA *** A retrospective,multi-surgeon study identified 255 knees undergoing a TKA utilizing a kinematically designed CR Knee System(JOURNEY™II CR;Smith and Nephew,Inc.,Memphis,TN)at an urban,academic medical institution between March 2015 and July 2021 with a minimum of two-years of clinical follow-up with an orthopedic *** demographics,surgical information,clinical outcomes,and PROMs data were collected via query of electronic medical *** PROMs collected in the present study included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement(KOOS JR)and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS■)*** significance of improvements in mean PROM scores from preoperative scores to scores collected at six months and two-years postoperatively was analyzed using Independent Samples *** Of the 255 patients,65.5%were female,43.8%were White,and patients had an average age of 60.6 *** osteoarthritis(96.9%)was the most common primary *** mean surgical time was 105.3 minutes and mean length of stay was 2.1 d with most patients discharged home(92.5%).There were 18 emergency department(Ed)visits within 90 d of surgery resulting in a 90 d Ed visit rate of 7.1%,including a 2.4%orthopedic-related Ed visit ra

关键词： Total knee arthroplasty Cruciate retaining Kinematic design Survivorship Bearing material Prosthetic design Clinical outcomes Patient-reported outcome measures

Safety and efficacy of Kaffes intraductal self-expanding metal stents in the management of post-liver transplant anastomotic strictures

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 88-98页

作者： Chee Lim jonathan Ng Babak Sarraf Rhys Vaughan Marios Efthymiou Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Sujievvan Chandran department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthMelbourne HeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Melbourne Medical School The University of MelbourneMelbourne ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia

BACKgROUNd Endoscopic management is the first-line therapy for post-liver-transplant anas-tomotic *** the optimal duration of treatment with plastic stents has been reported to be 8-12 months,data on safety and duration for metal stents in this setting is *** to limited access to endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography(ERCP)during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in our centre,there was a change in practice towards increased usage and length-of-stay of the Kaffes biliary intraductal self-expanding stent in patients with suitable *** was mainly due to the theoretical benefit of Kaffes stents allowing for longer indwelling periods compared to the traditional plastic *** Adult liver transplant recipients aged 18 years and above who underwent ERCP were retrospectively identified during a 10-year period through a database *** admissions post-Kaffes stent insertion were identified manually through electronic and scanned medical *** main outcome was the incidence of complications when stents were left indwelling for 3 months vs 6 *** efficacy was calculated via rates of stricture recurrence between patients that had stenting courses for≤120 d or>120 *** during the study period,a total of 66 ERCPs with Kaffes insertion were performed in 54 patients throughout their stenting *** 33 ERCPs,the stent was removed or exchanged on a 3-month *** pancreatitis,perfor-ations or deaths *** post-ERCP complications were similar between the 3-month(abdominal pain and intraductal migration)and 6-month(abdominal pain,septic shower and embedded stent)groups-6.1%vs 9.1%respectively,P=*** strictures resolved at the end of the stenting course,but the stenting course was variable from 3 to 22 *** recurrence rate for stenting courses lasting for up to 120 d was 71.4%and 21.4%for stenting courses of 121 d or over(P=0.03).There were 28 patients that were treated with a sin

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde Constriction Pathologic Self expandable metallic stents Bile duct diseases Cholestasis

Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： Johan gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.Patel Oseeyi I.daudu donald F.Becker jonathan L.Robinson Jens Nielsen department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

Practical pulse engineering： gradient ascent without matrix exponentiation

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第3期13卷 3-8页

作者： gaurav Bhole jonathan A. jones Centre for Quantum Computation Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford Parks Road OX1 3PU UK

Since 2005, there has been a huge growth in the use of engineered control pulses to perform desired quantum operations in systems such as nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors. These approaches, which build on the original gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm, remain computationally intensive because of the need to calculate matrix exponentials for each time step in the control pulse. In this study, we discuss how the propagators for each time step can be approximated using the Trotter-Suzuki formula, and a further speedup achieved by avoiding unnecessary operations. The resulting procedure can provide substantial speed.g.in with negligible costs in the propagator error, providing a more practical approach to pulse en-ineerinK.

关键词： quantum information coherent control pulse sequences in nuclear magnetic resonance

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVId-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.gallagher Joseph B.gary david A.gudis Paule V.Joseph d.P.devanand Terry E.goldberg jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(Od)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent Od predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent Od beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the d.g.ee of persistent Od in post-COVId-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for Od evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVId-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived Od,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical Od at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TdI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical Od(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:Od persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVId-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVId olfaction post-COVId condition smell dysfunction

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme d.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin g.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey g.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen g.galgóczi J.garcia g.Y.genov C.gordillo H-P.gröbelbauer M.guedel Y.guo M.Hailey d.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.d.Kuntz C.Lakin g.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson g.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab g.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman d.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh d.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space gmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics gmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCd