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Comparing the transmission potential from sequence and surveillance data of 2009 North American influenza pandemic waves

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 240-252页

作者： Venkata R.Duvvuri Joseph T.Hicks Lambodhar Damodaran Martin Grunnill Thomas braukmann Jianhong Wu jonathan b.gubbay Samir N.Patel Justin bahl Public Health Ontario TorontoOntarioCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore

Technological advancements in phylodynamic modeling coupled with the accessibility of real-time pathogen genetic data are increasingly important for understanding the infectious disease transmission *** this study,we compare the transmission potentials of North American influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 derived from sequence data to that derived from surveillance *** impact of the choice of tree-priors,informative epidemiological priors,and evolutionary parameters on the transmission potential estimation is *** American Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin(HA)gene sequences are analyzed using the coalescent and birth-death tree prior models to estimate the basic reproduction number(R_(0)).Epidemiological priors gathered from published literature are used to simulate the birth-death skyline ***-sampling marginal likelihood estimation is conducted to assess model fit.A bibliographic search to gather surveillancebased R_(0)values were consistently lower(mean≤1.2)when estimated by coalescent models than by the birth-death models with informative priors on the duration of infectiousness(mean≥1.3 to≤2.88 days).The user-defined informative priors for use in the birth-death model shift the directionality of epidemiological and evolutionary parameters compared to non-informative *** there was no certain impact of clock rate and tree height on the R_(0)estimation,an opposite relationship was observed between coalescent and birth-death tree *** was no significant difference(p=0.46)between the birth-death model and surveillance R0 *** study concludes that treeprior methodological differences may have a substantial impact on the transmission potential estimation as well as the evolutionary *** study also reports a consensus between the sequence-based R_(0)estimation and surveillanceased R_(0)***,these outcomes shed light on the potential role of phylodynamic modeling to augment existing surveillance

关键词： Phylodynamics Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Reproduction number Coalescent growth models birth-death models Pathogen sequence data Public health

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Jumping droplets

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Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 3-33页

作者： jonathan b.boreyko Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA

When microdroplets with quasi-spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low-adhesion substrate,the capillary-inertial expansion of the liquid bridge induces a dramatic out-of-plane jumping event due to symmetry *** the onset of merging,droplet jumping initiates after a capillary-inertial time scale of t_(ci)∼1–100μs with characteristic jumping speeds of order v_(j)∼0.1m/*** coalescenceinduced jumping-droplet effect is most commonly observed among a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophobic condenser,but can also occur by colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog *** this review,we cover the historical development of capillary-inertial jumping droplets,summarize the decade-long effort to rationalize the ultra-low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenomenon,and then present 15 variations on a theme of ***-inertial jumping droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the microscale but they also have the potential to enhance phase-change heat transfer,enable selfcleaning surfaces,combat frost formation,harvest energy,and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.

关键词： capillary illustration rational

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Jaundice associated pruritis:A review of pathophysiology and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第5期21卷 1404-1413页

作者： Ramez bassari jonathan b Koea Department of Surgery North Shore HospitalTakapunaAuckland 0632New Zealand

To review the underlying pathophysiology and currently available treatments for pruritis associated with *** language literature was reviewed using MEDLINE,Pub Med,EMbASE and *** for papers and trails addressing the pathophysiology and potential treatments for pruritis associated with *** advances in the understanding of the peripheral anatomy of itch transmission have defined a histamine stimulated pathway and a cowhage stimulated pathway with sensation conveyed centrally via the contralateral spinothalamic ***,cowhage andhistamine stimulated neurons terminate widely within the thalamus and sensorimotor *** causative factors for itch in jaundice have not been clarified although endogenous opioids,serotonin,steroid and lysophosphatidic acid all play a *** guidelines for the treatment of itching in jaundice recommend initial management with biliary drainage where possible and medical management with ursodeoxycholic acid,followed by cholestyramine,rifampicin,naltrexone and *** than biliary drainage no single treatment has proved universally *** associated with jaundice is a common but poorly understood condition for which biliary drainage is the most effective *** therapy has advanced but remains variably effective.

关键词： Jaundice Pruritis biliary drainage bile acids Lyso

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Radiation risks associated with serial imaging in colorectal cancer patients:Should we worry?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第1期20卷 100-109页

作者： Jeong Suk Oh jonathan b Koea Department of Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

To provide an overview of the radiation related cancer risk associated with multiple computed tomographic scans required for follow up in colorectal cancer patients. A literature search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was carried out and limited to the last 10 years from December 2012. Inclusion criteria were studies where computed tomographic scans or radiation from other medical imaging modalities were used and the risks associated with ionizing radiation reported. Thirty-six studies were included for appraisal with no randomized controlled trials. Thirty-four of the thirty-six studies showed a positive association between medical imaging radiation and increased risk of cancer. The radiation dose absorbed and cancer risk was greater in children and young adults than in older patients. Most studies included in the review used a linear, no-threshold model to calculate cancer risks and this may not be applicable at low radiation doses. Many studies are retrospective and ensuring complete follow up on thousands of patients is difficult. There was a minor increased risk of cancer from ionizing radiation in medical imaging studies. The radiation risks of low dose exposure (benefits than harm but current guidelines for patient follow up will need to be revised to accommodate a more aggressive approach to treating metastatic disease.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Follow up Surveillance Radiology Radiation

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Approach to the endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期22卷 600-617页

作者： jonathan P Gaspar Edward b Stelow Andrew Y Wang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVA 22908United States Department of Pathology University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908United States

Duodenal polyps or lesions are uncommonly found on upper endoscopy. Duodenal lesions can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based, and the type of lesion often dictates the work-up and possible therapeutic options. Subepithelial lesions that can arise in the duodenum include lipomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and carcinoids. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration is useful in the characterization and diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors and large or multifocal carcinoids are best managed by surgical resection. brunner's gland tumors, solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyps, and non-ampullary and ampullary adenomas are mucosally-based duodenal lesions, which can require removal and are typically amenable to endoscopic resection. Several anatomic characteristics of the duodenum make endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions challenging. However, advanced endoscopic techniques exist that enable the resection of large mucosally-based duodenal lesions. Endoscopic papillectomy is not without risk, but this procedure can effectively resect ampullary adenomas and allows patients to avoid surgery, which typically involves pancreaticoduodenectomy. Endoscopic mucosal resection and its variations(such as cap-assisted, cap-band-assisted, and underwater techniques) enable the safe and effective resection of most duodenal adenomas. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is possible but very difficult to safely perform in the duodenum.

关键词： Duodenum Polyp Subepithelial Lesion Ampulla Adenoma Papillectomy Endoscopic mucosalresection Underwater Endoscopic submucosal dissection

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Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第3期34卷 13-24页

作者： Xin ZHANG Y.D.CUI Chien Ming jonathan TAY b.C.KHOO State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China National University of Singapore Singapore 119260Singapore

A single Dielectric barrier Discharge(DbD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current(AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the ***, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.

关键词： Dielectric barrier discharge Particle image velocimetry Plasma actuator Schlieren technique Wall jet

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Occurrence,distribution and ecological risk assessment of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in sediment samples along the Vaal River catchment,South Africa

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 173-178页

作者： Tlou b.Chokwe jonathan O.Okonkwo Scientific Services Rand WaterP.O.Box 3526Vereeniging1930South Africa Department of Water Environmental and Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Mandela RoadPretoria0001South Africa

The occurrence,distribution and ecological risk assessment of twelve(12)organophosphorus flame retardants(OPFRs)were investigated in sediments from the Vaal River,South *** halogenated OPFRs[tris-(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP),three isomers of tris-(chloropropyl)phosphate(TCiPPs),tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCiPP)and tris-(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate(TDbPP)]and six non-halogenated OPFRs[tris-(n-butyl)phosphate(TbP),tris-(phenyl)phosphate(TPhP),tris-(butyl ethoxy)phosphate(TbOEP),tris-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEHP),diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate(DPEHP)and tris-(m-cresyl)phosphate(m-TCP)]were detected in this *** concentrations of twelve OPFRs in total(S12OPFRs)ranged from 68 to 278 ng g^-1 dry weight(dw)with the mean and median of 138 and 120 ng g^-1;*** non-halogenated OPFRs showed more abundances than the halogenated OPFRs with TDbPP,TbP,and TbOEP the most abundant ***,concentrations of OPFRs in more urbanized region were higher than those in less urbanized *** the concentrations of OPFRs and total organic carbon(TOC)were correlated,a moderate and significant correlation(p1)while TbOEP,TPhP,and TbP posed medium risk(0.1ble risk(HQbtained in this study provides valuable information on the occurrence and risks of the investigated OPFRs within Vaal River.

关键词： OPFRs Concentrations Risk assessment Sediments Vaal river

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Curvature-induced lipid segregation

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Chinese Physics b 2015年第6期24卷 95-99页

作者：郑斌孟庆田 Robin L.b.Selinger jonathan V.Selinger 叶方富 College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University

We investigate how an externally imposed curvature influences lipid segregation on two-phase-coexistent membranes. We show that the bending-modulus contrast of the two phases and the curvature act together to yield a reduced effective line tension. On largely curved membranes, a state of multiple domains （or rafts） forms due to a mechanism analogous to that causing magnetic-vortex formation in type-II superconductors. We determine the criterion for such a multi-domain state to occur; we then calculate respectively the size of the domains formed on cylindrically and spherically curved membranes.

关键词： curvature phase separation lipid membrane rafts

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Factors associated with time to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第7期14卷 1084-1090页

作者： Chris N Daniak David Peretz jonathan M Fine Yun Wang Alan K Meinke William b Hale Section of Gastroenterology Norwalk Hospital Norwalk CT United States Department of Internal Medicine Norwalk Hospital Norwalk CT United States Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale University/Yale New Haven Health System New Haven CT United States Department of Surgery Norwalk Hospital Norwalk CT United States

AIM: To determine patient and process of care factors associated with performance of timely laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 88 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis was conducted. Data collected included demographic data, co-morbidities, symptoms and physical findings at presentation, laboratory and radiological investigations, length of stay, complications, and admission service (medical or surgical). Patients not undergoing cholecystectomy during this hospitalization were excluded from analysis. Hierarchical generalized linear models were constructed to assess the association of pre-operative diagnostic procedures, presenting signs, and admitting service with time to ***: Seventy cases met inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which 12 were admitted to the medical service and 58 to the surgical service. Mean ± SD time to surgery was 39.3 ± 43 h, with 87% of operations performed within 72 h of hospital arrival. In the adjusted models, longer time to surgery was associated with number of diagnostic studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP, P = 0.01) as well with admission to medical service without adjustment for ERCP (P both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT) scans experienced the longest waits for surgery. Patients admitted to the surgical versus medical service underwent surgery earlier (30.4 ± 34.9 vs 82.7 ± 55.1 h, P bined with CT scan were associated with longer time to surgery. Expeditious performance of ERCP and MRCP and admission of medically stable patients with suspected cholecystitis to the surgical service to speed up ti

关键词： Acute cholecystitis Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Post-operative complications

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Effect of glaucoma on identification of bottle cap color in ophthalmic medications

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 169-171页

作者： jonathan Paul Jon David Hammer Roozbeh Akhtari brede Skillings Daniel b.Moore Department of Ophthalmology University of Kentucky Northwell Health Department of Ophthalmology Krieger Eye Institute

A prospective, nonrandomized, observational trial of 60 glaucoma patients to correlate visual acuity and visual field with ability to distinguish bottle cap color of commonly used ophthalmic medications was conducted. A total of 103 eyes from 60 patients(30 women) were evaluated. The mean logMAR acuity was 0.34±0.54(approximately 20/45 Snellen acuity), average Humphrey Visual Field(HVF) mean deviation was-8.58±8.69 db, mean Ishihara plates(out of 14) were 11.78±4.15, and bottle cap color score(out of 10) was 8.56±2.51. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an independent correlation of visual acuity(P=0.0137) and Ishihara score(Pbut no significant effect with visual field mean deviation(P>0.05). Glaucoma patients with poor visual acuity, but not necessarily advanced visual field loss, are likely to have difficultly identifying the color of their bottle caps. Physicians should be cognizant of this potential issue when reviewing medications with patients.

关键词： glaucoma color vision compliance medication patient communication

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