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Effects of Pumping Height and Repeated Pumping in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar

Natural Resources 2016年第6期7卷 377-383页

作者： Åsa Maria Espmark Kjell Ø. Midling jonatan nilsson Odd-Børre Humborstad Nofima AS Sunndals&oslash ra Norway Nofima AS Troms&oslash Norway Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pumping height and repeated pumping on the generalized stress response and gross injuries in harvest sized Atlantic salmon. Fish pumped from a net pen at either high (5.2 m) or low (3.6 m) pumping heights showed an elevated, but not severe physiological stress response (pH, pCO2, lactate, potassium, haematocrit, and sodium) compared to fish netted (not pumped), while effects of different pumping heights were overall not demonstrated. Repeated pumping (either 3 or 6 times) also caused an increase in stress response (pH, pCO2, pO2, lactate, potassium and sodium) compared to control fish, and a positive dose-response relationship was found for lactate. No fish died as a result of pumping, nor were injuries observed that could exclusively be attributed to pumping. In conclusion, although elevated from the control groups, the stress response following increasing pumping height and repeated pumping as conducted in these experiments were not indicative of causing severe stress or injuries.

关键词： Handling Pumping Height Repeated Pumping Atlantic Salmon Stress Welfare

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基因一环境相互作用与男性生殖功能

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 298-307,I0007页

作者： jonatan Axelsson Jens Peter Bonde Yvonne L. Giwercman Lars Rylander Aleksander Giwercman Reproductive Medicine Centre Skane University Hospital Malmo 20502 Sweden Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Lund University Lund 22185 Sweden Department of Occupational Medicine Copenhagen University Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen NV2400 Denmark Department of Clinical Sctences Malmo Lund University Malmo 20502 Sweden

As genetic factors can hardly explain the changes taking place during short time spans, environmental and lifestyle-related factors have been suggested as the causes of time-related deterioration of male reproductive function. However, considering the strong heterogeneity of male fecundity between and within populations, genetic variants might be important determinants of the individual susceptibility to the adverse effects of environment or lifestyle. Although the possible mechanisms of such interplay in relation to the reproductive system are largely unknown, some recent studies have indicated that specific genotypes may confer a larger risk of male reproductive disorders following certain exposures. This paper presents a critical review of animal and human evidence on how genes may modify environmental effects on male reproductive function. Some examples have been found that support this mechanism, but the number of studies is still limited. This type of interaction studies may improve our understanding of normal physiology and help us to identify the risk factors to male reproductive malfunction. We also shortly discuss other aspects of gene-environment interaction specifically associated with the issue of reproduction, namely environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause of sperm DNA damage. It remains to be investigated to what extent such genetic changes, by natural conception or through the use of assisted reproductive techniques, are transmitted to the next generation, thereby causing increased morbidity in the offspring.

关键词： endocrine disruption gene-environment interaction persistent organic pollutants semen quality testicular cancer

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