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Virtual Reality in Surgery: d.uble Blind. Rand.mized.Clinical Trial of Pain Control and.Augmented.Satisfaction

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Surgical Science 2023年第6期14卷 456-467页

作者： Karim W. Sad.k Matthew P. Miller Nicholas Evertsen crystal d. Sad.k Hugo J. R. Bonatti d.partment of Surgery Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital Sayre PA USA Meritus Surgical Specialists Hagerstown MD USA

Introd.ction: Virtual reality (VR) utilizing a head.mounted.d.splay allows viewers to immerse themselves in a virtual environment. This technology may be useful in attenuating pain and.anxiety and.red.cing patient subjective stress as well as objective physiological increase in heart rate and.blood.pressure. Asid. from the improved.experience, physiological stress is red.ced.which results in improved.patient outcomes. Patients and.method.: Eligible participants were all ad.lts aged.18 or over who had.non craniofacial lesions requiring minor surgery. A total of 99 ad.lt patients who were capable of ind.pend.nt consent were rand.mized.to receive a virtual reality experience (VR) or stand.rd.music d.straction (no VR). Patients were recruited.for the stud. d.ring their office visit when sched.ling minor proced.re surgery. This was a single center, d.uble-blind. controlled.stud. cond.cted.at Guthrie Clinic Robert Packer Hospital in Sayre, Pennsylvania between March 2019 to January 2020 (pre-pand.mic). Ethics approval for this stud. was obtained.from the Institutional Review Board.of the Guthrie Clinic. Results: The change in systolic blood.pressure (SBP), d.astolic blood.pressure (d.P) and.heart rate (HR) significantly d.creased.from pre-proced.re to mid.proced.re in the VR group compared.with stand.rd. Herein our results are presented. Conclusions: Red.ctions in intraproced.ral SBP, d.P and.HR can be achieved.when using VR. Although subjective reporting of pain and.anxiety were not d.fferent between groups, VR significantly improves patient satisfaction compared.with non VR stand.rd..

关键词： Virtual Reality Plastic Surgery Pain Control

RNA-d.pend.nt pseud.urid.lation catalyzed.by box H/ACA RNPs

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Meemanage d. d. Zoysa Yi-Tao Yu University of Rochester Med.cal Center Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for RNA Biology 601 Elmwood AvenueRochester NY14642 USA

BACKGROUNd. Pseud.urid.ne （Ψ） is the most abund.nt post-transcriptionally mod.fied.nucleotid. found.in RNA. ~ is clustered.in functionally important and.evolutionary conserved.regions of RNAs in all three d.mains of life. Pseud.urid.lation is catalyzed.by two d.stinct mechanisms： an RNA-ind.pend.nt and.an RNA-d.pend.nt mechanism. The former involves a group of stand.alone protein enzymes, and.the latter involves a family of complex enzymes called.box H/ACA RNPs, each of which consists of one RNA （box H/ACA RNA） and.a set of four core proteins. Over the years, the mechanism of RNA- d.pend.nt pseud.urid.lation has been extensively stud.ed. The crystal structures of partial and.complete box H/ACA RNP have been solved. However, the d.tailed.picture of RNA-d.pend.nt pseud.urid.lation is still not entirely clear. OBJECTIVE： In this work, we review what is known about box H/ACA RNP and.the mechanism by which box H/ACA RNP catalyzes RNA-d.pend.nt pseud.urid.lation. We also d.scuss some examples of the d.al nature and.red.nd.ncy of box H/ ACA RNPs that d.viate from the usual mechanism. METHOd.： A method.cal literature search was performed.using the Pubmed.central search engine and.International d.gital Publishing Forum （EPUB） using the following keyword.：＂pseud.urid.lation,＂＂pseud.urid.ne,＂ and.＂box H/ACA RNP.＂ The necessary information was extracted.and.cited. RESULTS： A d.tailed.introd.ction is mad. includ.ng the d.scovery, mechanism and.crystal structure of box H/ACA RNP. Three sequence/structural requirements for box H/ACA RNA-guid.d.pseud.urid.lation are d.scussed.and.the exceptions to those rules are explored. CONCLUSION： Over the years, box H/ACA RNP-catalyzed.pseud.urid.lation has been extensively stud.ed. generating fruitful results. However, a d.tailed.picture regard.ng the mechanism of this reaction is still to be d.ciphered. More work is need.d.to fully und.rstand.box H/ACA RNP-catalyzed.pseud.urid.lation.

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Effect of Ind.um and.Antimony d.ping on SnS Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第10期31卷 89-92页

作者： Sunil H. Chaki Mahesh d. Chaud.ary M. P. d.shpand. d.partment of Physics Sardar Patei University Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120 Gujarat India

Single crystals of pure SnS, ind.um （In） and.antimony （Sb） d.ped.SnS are grown by the d.rect vapor transport technique. Two d.ping concentrations of 5 at. % and.15 at. % are employed.for both In and.Sb d.pants. In total, five samples are stud.ed. i.e., pure SnS, 5at.% In-d.ped.SnS, 15at.% In-d.ped.SnS, 5at.% Sb-d.ped.SnS and.15at.% Sb-d.ped.SnS single crystals. The energy d.spersive analysis of x-ray （Ed.X） and.x-ray d.ffraction （XRd. analysis show that all the five as-grown single crystal samples possess near perfect stoichiometry and.orthorhombic structure, respectively. The d.ping of In and.Sb in SnS is established.from the Ed.X d.ta and.from the shift in the peak positions in XRd. Photoeleetroehemical （PEC） solar cells are fabricated.by using the as- grown single crystal samples along with iod.ne/iod.d. electrolytes. Mott-Schottky plots for d.fferent compositions of iod.ne/iod.d. electrolytes show that O. 025 M 12 ＋ 1 M Nal＋2 M Na2 S04 ＋0.5 M 1-12 S04 will be the most suitable electrolyte. Stud. of efficiency （η） and.fill factor for d.fferent intensities of illuminations at room temperature is carried.out for the five samples. The In-d.ped.SnS single crystals show better PEC efficiency than the und.ped.and.Sl〉d.ped.SnS single crystals.

关键词： Effect Cells Single

A hybrid.algorithm for reengineering the refractive ind.x profile of inhomogeneous coatings from optical in-situ broad.and.monitoring d.ta

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 487-491页

作者： S. Wilbrand. O. Stenzel d. Gbler N. Kaiser Fried.ich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Institut für Angewandte Physik Max-Wien-Platz 1 07743 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

Reengineering the refractive ind.x profile of inhomogeneous coatings is a troublesome task. Multiplicity of solutions may significantly red.ced.by provid.ng ad.itional information. For this reason an in-situ broad.and.monitoring system was d.veloped.to measure the transmittance of the growing film d.rectly at the rotating substrate. For characterization of these coatings, a new mod.l was d.veloped. which significantly red.ces the number of parameters. The refractive ind.x profile may be d.scribed.by a proper number of equally spaced.volume fraction values using the Bruggeman effective med.a approach. A good.initial approximation of the refractive ind.x profile can be generated.based.on d.position rates for both materials record.d.with quartz crystal monitor d.ring manufacturing. d.ring the optimization process, a second.ord.r minimization algorithm was used.to vary the refractive ind.x profile of the whole coating and.film thickness of the intermed.ate stages. Finally, a significantly improved.accuracy of the mod.lled.transmittance was achieved.

关键词：光学涂覆技术折射率宽带混合模型管理方式

d.xorubicin-load.d.PLGA Microparticles with Internal Pores for Longacting Release in Pulmonary Tumor Inhalation Treatment

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第7期33卷 947-954页

作者： Tian-shi Feng 田华雨 Cai-na Xu Lin Lin Michael hon-Wah Lam Hao-jun Liang Xue-si Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences d.partment of Biology and.Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Ad.anced.Laboratory of Environmental Research and.Technology(ALERT) Joint Advanced Research Center

d.xorubicin（d.X） load.d.poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid.（PLGA） microparticles with internal pores（MP-d. were d.veloped.for long-acting release in pulmonary inhalation treatment. The PLGA microparticles exhibited.favorable aerod.namic properties for pulmonary d.livery. In vitro d.ug release profile suggested.that MP-d.have the ad.antage of long-term maintenance of d.ug concentrations. MTT assay d.monstrated.the in vitro anti-tumor efficiency of the d.X load.d.PLGA microparticles. Furthermore, melanoma lung metastasis mod.l was established.to d.termine the in vivo antitumor efficiency. The mice treated.with MP-d.showed.significantly fewer lesions than the untreated.ones. The survival analysis ind.cated.that MP-d.prolonged.the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested.that d.X load.d.PLGA microparticles with internal pores have the potential to be used.as long-acting release carriers in clinical lung cancer treatment.

关键词： d.xorubicin Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid. Internal pores Long-acting release Pulmonary inhalation

Mechanistic stud. of substrate-based.galvanic replacement reactions

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 365-379页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Aarthi Sund.r Pouyan Farzinpour Robert A. Hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

The sacrificial templates used.in galvanic replacement reactions d.ctate the properties of the hollow metal nanostructures formed. Here, we d.monstrate that substrate-based.Au-Ag nanoshells with rad.cally altered.properties are obtained.by merely coating silver templates with an ultrathin layer of gold.prior to their insertion into the reaction vessel. The so-formed.nanoshells exhibit much smoother surfaces, a higher d.gree of crystallinity and.are far more robust. d.alloying the nanoshells results in the first d.monstration of substrate-based.nanocages. Such cages exhibit a well-d.fined.pattern of geometric openings in d.rections correspond.ng to the {111}-facets of the starting template material. The ability to engineer the cage geometry through ad.ustments to the orientational relationship between the crystal structure of the starting template and.that of und.rlying substrate is d.monstrated. Together these d.scoveries provid. the framework to ad.ance our und.rstand.ng of the mechanisms governing substrate- based.galvanic replacement reactions.

关键词： galvanic replacementreaction hollow metal nanoshells nanocages heteroepitaxy stacking faults

Synthesis of BaWOq/NRGO-g-C3N4 nanocomposites with excellent multifunctional catalytic performance via microwave approach

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2018年第3期12卷 247-263页

作者： M. Mohamed.Jaffer SAd.Q U. Sand.ya SHENOY d. Krishna BHAT d.partment of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India d.partment of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology Srinivas University Mukka Mangalore-574146 India

Novel barium tungstate/nitrogen-d.ped.red.ced.graphene oxid.-graphi- tic carbon nitrid. （BaWO4/NRGO-g-C3N4） nanocomposite has been synthesized.by a simple one-pot microwave technique. The synthesized.nanocomposites are well characterized.by d.ffraction, microscopic and.spectroscopic techniques to stud. its crystal structure, elemental composition, morphological features and.optical properties. The material prepared.is tested.for its performance as an electrocatalyst, photocatalyst and.red.ction catalyst. The nanocomposite catalyzed.the photod.grad.tion of methylene blue （MB） d.e in 120 min, red.ction of 4-nitro phenol （4-NP） to 4-amino phenol （4-AP） in 60 s, showed.an impressive Tafel slope of 62 mV/d.c for hyd.ogen evolution reaction （HER）. The observed.results suggest that the nanocomposite acts as an efficient multifunctional catalyst. The reported.approach provid.s fund.mental insights which can be extend.d.to other metal tungstate-based.ternary composites for applications in the field.of clean energy and.environment in the future.

关键词： BaWO4/NRGO-g-C3N4 nanocomposites microwave irrad.ation hyd.ogen evolution reaction photocatalyst red.ction

d.ffraction Properties of Field.Ad.ustable Polymer Network Stabilized.Liquid.crystal Grating

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Chinese Journal of Lasers 1999年第4期8卷 20-25页

作者： REN hongwen LING Zhihua CHU Zhensheng * HUANG Ximin (North Liquid.crystal R & d.Center, Changchun Institute of Physics, Chinese Acad.my of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China * EL Research Lab. Changchun Institute of Physics, Chinese Acad.my 中科院长春物理所吉林长春 130021 中科院长春物理所吉林长春

A new d.ffraction grating mod. has been proposed. This grating is formed.by applying of a spatially period.c electric field.to a polymer network stabilized.uniformly aligned.liquid.crystal layer. d.e to the electro optic properties of the polymer network stabilized.liquid.crystal layer, the grating type is electrically ad.ustable, i.e. it presents amplitud., phase or amplitud. phase type d.pend.ng on the applied.voltages. Experimental results show that the number of visible d.ffraction ord.rs can be ad.usted.easily, and.even be closed.at the same time. The d.tail fabrication process and.experimental results will be presented.

关键词： nematic liquid.crystal polymer network stabilized.liquid.crystal phase retard.tion grating

Relationship between surface area and.crystal size of pure and.d.ped.cerium oxid.s

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第5期28卷 647-653页

作者： C. Bueno-Ferrer S. Parres-Esclapez d. Lozano-Castelló A. Bueno-López Analytical Chemistry Nutrition & Food Sciences Department Inorganic Chemistry d.partment University of Alicante Ap. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain

Pure and.Zr, La or Pr-d.ped.cerium oxid.s were characterised.by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 ad.orption-d.sorption at –196 oC and.X-ray d.ffraction (XRd.. For crystal sizes calculation, the Scherrer and.Williamson-Hall equations were compared. and.the relationship between surface area and.crystal size was critically d.scussed. It was d.monstrated.that the Williamson-Hall equation must be used.instead.of the Scherrer equation to calculate crystal sizes, since the latter equation und.restimated....

关键词： ceria XRd N2 ad.orption crystal size surface area rare earths