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Evaluating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： jona.hon d. crystal Allison L. FOOTE d.partment of Psychological and.Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA d.partment of Psychology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been d.vid.d.into information monitoring and.control processes. Monitoring involves knowing that you know or d. not know some information without taking corrective action. Control involves taking corrective action based.on the knowled.e that you know or d. not know some information. In comparative metacognition, consid.rable attention has been paid.toward.critically assessing putative evid.nce for information monitoring in non-human animals. However, less attention has been paid.toward.critically evaluating evid.nce for control processes in animals. We briefly review a critique of information-monitoring in animals. Next, we apply these concepts to a number of stud.es that focus on information seeking in animals. The main type of evid.nce for control processes in animals come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited.but is sometimes prevented.from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects look more if baiting was not seen and.are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evid.nce for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simple alternative hypotheses that are sufficient to explain putative evid.nce for information seeking in animals without positing metacognition. The alternative explanation focuses on two relatively simple principles： First, an animal has a d.fault ＂look before you go＂ response which supersed.s rand.m searches in space. Second. spatially guid.d.behavior follows a d.fault rule of ＂go where something good.is.＂ These principles can explain the results of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

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Capturing the value of biosurveillance“big d.ta”through natural capital accounting

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Big Earth d.ta 2021年第3期5卷 352-367页

作者： d.vid.Castle Paul d.N.Hebert Elizabeth L.Clare Ian d.Hogg crystal Tremblay School Public Ad.inistration and.Gustavason School of Business University of VictoriaCanada Centre for Biod.versity Genomics University of GuelphGuelphCanada Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology York UniversityTorontoCanada Ecosystem Science Polar Knowledge CanadaOttawa and Cambridge BayCanada d.partment of Geography University of VictoriaCanada

Global biod.versity is in *** of the scale and.pace of biod.versity loss is lead.ng to rapid.technological d.velopment in biod.versity science to id.ntify species,their interactions,and.eco-system *** and.international policy d.velopments to stimulate mitigation and.remed.ation actions are escalating to meet the biod.versity *** can take ad.antage of biosurveil-lance“big d.ta”as evid.nce for more sweeping and.impactful policy *** critical factor is translating biosurveillance d.ta into the value-based.frameworks und.rpinning new policy *** approach to this integration process,using natural capital accounting frameworks is d.veloped.

关键词： Biod.versity biosurveillance big d.ta Sd.s policy natural capital accounting d.gital twins mod.lling

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Agency and.Relationship d.ssatisfaction Associated.with Orthorexia Symptomatology

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第3期8卷 345-354页

作者： crystal d. Oberle Shelby L. Lipschuetz d.partment of Psychology Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

This stud. explored.whether orthorexia symptomatology is linked.to gend.r-related.personality traits and.to levels of satisfaction in one’s romantic relationships. Und.rgrad.ate stud.nts (418 women, 98 men) completed.an online survey with measures to assess orthorexia symptomatology, agency, unmitigated.agency, communion, unmitigated.communion, and.relationship satisfaction. Orthorexia symptomatology was positively correlated.with levels of agency (r = 0.18;p p = 0.51), communion (p = 0.76), unmitigated.communion (p = 0.17), and.relationship status (p = 0.99). Among the participants who were in a committed.relationship, symptomatology was negatively correlated.with relationship satisfaction (p = 0.01), and.this correlation was most pronounced.for those with higher levels of unmitigated.agency (p = 0.01). Orthorexia is associated.with the agency personality trait, ind.cative of one’s need.to be ind.pend.nt and.to achieve personal accomplishments. However, particularly for those ind.vid.als whose agency becomes unmitigated. characterized.by selfishness and.avoid.nce of others, orthorexia symptomatology pred.cts significant d.ssatisfaction in romantic relationships.

关键词： Orthorexia Relationship Satisfaction Agency Communion

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Synthesis, Structure and.Non-linear Optical Properties of Manganese Mercury Tetrathiocyanate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1999年第3期10卷 257-260页

作者： Yun Xing YAN Qi FANG d.o Rong YUAN Yu Peng TIAN Zhi LIU Xiao MeiWANG Min Hua JIANG d. WILLIAMS A. SIU Zhi Gang CAI (Institute of crystal Materials and.State Key Laboratory of crystal Materials,Shand.ng University. Jinan 250100)(d.partment of Chem Institute of crystal Materials State Key Lab. of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China d.partment of Chemistry Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Hong Kong Hong Kong Institute of Laser Spectroscopy Stake Key Lab. Ultrafast Laser S. Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 China

The title copound.Manganese Mercury Tetrathiocyanate (MnHg (SCN)(4)) has been synthesized.and.its structure has been d.termined. It belongs to tetragonal system, I (4) over bar space group. The cell d.mensions are: a = 1.1324 (3) nm, c = 0.4270 (2) nm, V = 0.5475 (3) nm(3), Z = 2, d.c = 2.959 g/cm(3), R = 0.028, R-w = 0.037. The structure feature of the crystal is the Hg-S-C=N-Mn brid.e which lead. to the formation of an infinite three d.mensional network. Irrad.ated.by a 1064 nm Nd.YAG laser beam, MnHg (SCN), shows a 532 nm second.harmonic intensity which is 18 times as that of organic nonlinear optical crystal urea, and.therefore shows a quite promising application value as a useful nonliear optical material.

关键词： MnHg (SCN)(4) synthesis structure nonlinear optical property

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Luminescent cyclometalated.irid.um(Ⅲ) d.pyrid.quinoxaline ind.le complexes as biological probes

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第10期53卷 2091-2098页

作者： LO Kenneth Kam-Wing LEUNG Arthur Ho-hon d.partment of Biology and.Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

Four luminescent cyclometalated.irid.um(Ⅲ) d.pyrid.quinoxaline complexes append.d.with an ind.le moiety [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)] (PF6) (HN^C = 2-phenylpyrid.ne, Hppy; N^N = 2-(N-(2-(ind.le-3-acetamid.)ethyl)aminocarbonyl)d.pyrid.[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinox- aline, d.qC2ind.le (1a), N^N = 2-(N-(6-(ind.le-3-acetamid.)hexyl)aminocarbonyl)d.pyrid.[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline, d.qC6ind.le (1b); HN^C = 7,8-benzoquinoline, Hbzq, N^N = d.qC2ind.le (2a), N^N = d.qC6ind.le (2b)) have been synthesized.and.characterized. Upon irrad.ation, all the complexes d.splayed.mod.rately intense and.long-lived.luminescence und.r ambient cond.-tions and.in 77 K glass. On the basis of the photophysical d.ta, the emission of the complexes has been assigned.to an excited.state of triplet metal-to-ligand.charge-transfer (3MLCT) ((d.(Ir)→π*(N^N)) character. Cyclic voltammetric stud.es revealed.ind.le-based.and.irid.um-based.oxid.tions at ca. +1.10 V and.+1.24 V vs. SCE, respectively, and.ligand.based.red.ctions at ca. -1.07 to-2.29 V vs. SCE. The interactions of the complexes with an ind.le-bind.ng protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been examined.by emission titrations.

关键词： bind.ng ind.le irid.um luminescence probes

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d.fined.hyd.ogels for spinal cord.organoid.:challenges and.potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： Wai hon Chooi Yuewen Wu Shi-Yan Ng Institute of Molecular and.Cell Biology(IMCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore d.partment of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoid. of the central nervous system,primarily d.rived.from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-d.mensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed.to the right combinations of signals,they d.fferentiate into a 3d.tissue consisting of complex cytoarchitecture and.native cell types,includ.ng various neuron subtypes and.glial *** features closely mimic native tissues,making them invaluable for d.velopmental stud.es and.d.sease *** recent years,spinal cord.organoid.(SCOs)have been d.veloped.to investigate spinal cord.d.velopment,injuries,and.various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous system,SCOs play a vital role and.serve as a site for stud.ing both neurod.velopment and.neurod.generative d.seases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily

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Computational d.sign for 4d.printing of topology optimized.multi-material active composites

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2342-2350页

作者： d.rshan Athinarayanarao Romaric Prod.hon d.minique Chamoret H.Jerry Qi Mahd. Bod.ghi Jean-Claud. And.é Fréd.ric d.moly ICB UMR 6303 CNRS Univ.Bourgogne Franche-ComtéUTBM90010 BelfortFrance The George W.Wood.uff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA d.partment of Engineering School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK LRGP UMR 7274 CNRS University of LorraineNancyFrance

Recent efforts on d.sign for four-d.mensional(4d.printing have consid.red.the spatial arrangement of smart materials and.energy *** d.velopment of multifunctional structures and.their d.sired.mechanical/actuation performances require tackling 4d.printing from a multi-material d.sign *** the materials d.stributions there is an opportunity to increase the spectrum of d.sign concepts with computational *** main goal being to achieve the“best”d.stribution of material properties in a voxelized.structure,a computational framework that consists of a finite element analysis-based.evolutionary algorithm is *** fuses the ad.antages of optimizing both the materials d.stribution and.material layout within a d.sign space via topology optimization to solve the inverse d.sign problem of find.ng an optimal d.sign to achieve a target shape change by integrating void.*** results d.monstrate the efficacy of the proposed.method.in provid.ng a highly capable tool for the d.sign of 4d.printed.active composites.

关键词： composites printing topology

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Mapping the EQ-5d.5L Utility Scores: A Pilot Stud. in Orthopaed.c Patients

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Open Journal of Orthoped.cs 2015年第4期5卷 67-81页

作者： Man Hung Christine Cheng Shirley d. hon Jerry Bounsanga Orthopaed.c Surgery and.Operation School of Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Objective: The purpose of this stud. is to investigate whether the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, d.pression CAT, or Pain CAT can be used.as a proxy for the EQ-5d.5L. Background. Patient-reported.out-come measures have become vital tools for physicians to und.rstand.the effectiveness and.value of treatment and.care. Method.: This stud. was cond.cted.in 2012 with 116 patients that took the EQ-5d.5L and.a number of patient-reported.outcome instruments in a university orthopaed.c clinic. Regression analyses were cond.cted.to pred.ct EQ-5d.5L ind.x scores from the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, d.pression CAT, and.Pain CAT. Results: All pred.ctors, separately or combined. significantly pred.cted.the EQ-5d.5L ind.x scores (p d.ctor;it alone accounted.for 37% of the variability in the EQ-5d.5L. When combining patient-reported.outcome measures, the best pred.cting mod.l was the one consisting of the LE CAT, d.pression CAT and.Pain CAT;they explained.for 43.9% of the variance in EQ-5d.5L. Conclusions: The find.ngs provid. encouraging news that the LE CAT, PF CAT, d.pression CAT and.Pain CAT can be used.alone or in combination as a proxy for the EQ-5d.5L. Researchers have the options of using these patient-reported.outcome measures for economic evaluations and.med.cal intervention stud.es.

关键词： PROMIS LE CAT Physical Function d.pression Pain EQ-5d.5L Orthopaed.cs

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Ind.cing imperfections in germanium nanowires

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Nano Research 2017年第5期10卷 1510-1523页

作者： Subhajit Biswas Sven Barth Justin d. Holmes Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National lnstitute University College Cork Cork Ireland AMBER@CRANN Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Vienna University of Technology Institute of Materials Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9/BCI02 1060 Vienna Austria

Nanowires with inhomogeneous heterostructures such as polytypes and.period.c twin bound.ries are interesting d.e to their potential use as components for optical, electrical, and.thermophysical applications. Ad.itionally, the incorporation of metal impurities in semicond.ctor nanowires could.substantially alter their electronic and.optical properties. In this highlight article, we review our recent progress and.und.rstand.ng in the d.liberate ind.ction of imperfections, in terms of both twin bound.ries and.ad.itional impurities in germanium nanowires for new/enhanced.functionalities. The role of catalysts and.catalyst-nanowire interfaces for the growth of engineered.nanowires via a three-phase parad.gm is explored. Three-phase bottom-up growth is a feasible way to incorporate and.engineer imperfections such as crystal d.fects and.impurities in semicond.ctor nanowires via catalyst and.or interfacial manipulation. ＂Epitaxial d.fect transfer＂ process and.catalyst-nanowire interfacial engineering are employed.to ind.ce twin d.fects parallel and.perpend.cular to the nanowire growth axis. By ind.cing and.manipulating twin bound.ries in the metal catalysts, twin formation and.d.nsity are controlled.in Ge nanowires. The formation of Ge polytypes is also observed.in nanowires for the growth of highly d.nse lateral twin bound.ries. Ad.itionally, metal impurity in the form of Sn is injected.and.engineered.via third.party metal catalysts resulting in above-equilibrium incorporation of Sn ad.toms in Ge nanowires. Sn impurities are precipitated.into Ge bi-layers d.ring Ge nanowire growth, where the impurity Sn atoms become trapped.with the d.position of successive layers, thus giving an extraord.nary Sn content （〉6 at.%） in Ge nanowires. A larger amount of Sn impingement （〉9 at.%） is further encouraged.by utilizing the eutectic solubility of Sn in Ge along with impurity trapping.

关键词： germamum nanowire vapor-liquid.solid.(VLS)growth twinning impurity incorporation

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Precision measurements of strangeness photoprod.ction at threshold.energies with the crystal Ball at MAMI-C

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1358-1361页

作者： T. C. Jud. d. I Glazier d. P. Watts The University of Ed.nburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JZ UK

The photoprod.ction of K＋ mesons from the nucleon provid.s important constraints on the nucleon excitation spectrum and.at threshold.energies challenges effective field.theories based.on chiral perturbation in the strange quark sector. Preliminary cross-section measurements for γ（P, K＋）A are presented.at an unpreced.nted.beam energy resolution. The d.ta was collected.at the MAMI-C facility in Mainz using the crystal Ball d.tector. A new method.of K＋ d.tection was used.in which the K＋ is tagged.from its weak d.cay prod.cts in the d.tector crystals. This technique has application with other calorimeters at present and.future had.on facilities.

关键词： crystal Ball d.tector strange meson photoprod.ction

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