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Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 551-566页

作者： Bjarki ELDON Florentine RIQUET jon YEARSLEY Didier JOLLIVET Thomas BROQUET Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Leibniz Institut fur Evolutionsund Biodiversitatsforschung Berlin 10115 Germany Universite Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Mentpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers SAte 34200 France School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Team Adaptation and Biology of Invertebrates in Extreme Environments Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff 29680 France Sorbonne Universites Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Unite Mixte de Recherche 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff 29680 France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Team Diversity and Connectivity of Coastal Marine Landscapes Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff 29680 France

Chaotic genetic patchiness （CGP） refers to surprising patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure observed in some marine species at a scale where genetic variation should be efficiently homogenized by gene flow via larval dispersal. Here we review and discuss 4 mechanisms that could generate such unexpected patterns： selection, sweepstakes reproductive success, collective dispersal, and temporal shifts in local population dynamics. First, we review examples where genetic differentiation at specific loci was driven by diversifying selection, which was historically the first process invoked to explain CGP. Second, we turn to neutral demographic processes that may drive genome-wide effects, and whose effects on CGP may be enhanced when they act together. We discuss how sweepstakes reproductive success accelerates genetic drift and can thus generate genetic structure, provided that gene flow is not too strong. Collective dispersal is another mechanism whereby genetic structure can be maintained regardless of dispersal intensity, because it may prevent larval cohorts from becoming entirely mixed. Theoretical analyses of both the sweepstakes and the collective dispersal ideas are presented. Finally, we discuss an idea that has received less attention than the other ones just mentioned, namely temporal shifts in local population dynamics.

关键词： asynchronous population dynamics chaotic genetic patchiness collective dispersal kin aggregation larval dispersal multiple-merger coalescent sweepstakes reproductive success.

Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems:review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 560-578页

作者： Arman HADDADCHI Darren S.RYDER Olivier EVRARD jon OLLEY Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(LSCE/IPSL)

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources,with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and *** process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended *** review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling,and critically compares biogeochcmical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting *** of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe,Africa,Australia,Asia,and North and South *** application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US(North Fork Broad River watershed) and France(BIcone watershed) with local and global(genetic algorithm) optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original *** propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins(using correction factors) and Hughes(relying on iterations involving all data,and not only their mean values) models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.

关键词： watershed fluvial sampling source tracing modeling local optimization genetic algorithm

A solution method for free vibration analysis of coupled laminated composite elliptical-cylindrical-elliptical shell with elastic boundary conditions

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 112-130页

作者： Kwanghun Kim Yongsu jon Kwangil An Songhun Kwak Yongsu Han Department of Engineering Machine Pyongyang University of Mechanical EngineeringPyongyang 999093Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Information center Kim Chaek University of TechnologyPyongyang 950003Democratic People’s Republic of Korea College of Mechanical Science and Technology Kim Chaek University of TechnologyPyongyang 950003Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

In this paper,an efficient,convenient and explicit method based on the Haar wavelet discretization ap-proach for analyzing the free vibration of the coupled laminated composite elliptical-cylindrical-elliptical shells(ECESs)with elastic boundary conditions is *** elliptical double curved shells are cou-pled on both end of cylindrical *** on the first-order shear deformation theory the equations of motion for ECES are derived by means of Hamilton’s *** separation of variables is first per-formed;*** components and rotations of any point of the ECES are expanded to the Haar wavelet series in the meridian direction and Fourier series in circumferential *** constants appearing from the integrating process are determined by boundary conditions,and thus the partial dif-ferential equations are transformed into algebraic *** solving the characteristic equation,the natural frequencies and mode shapes of coupled laminated composite ECES are *** present re-sults have been compared with those of the published *** comparison results show that this method has high accuracy,high reliability and also a higher convergence rate in attaining the frequencies of the coupled laminated composite ***,the effects of the main parameters such as material properties,geometrical parameters,and various boundary conditions,on the vibrational behavior of the coupled ECESs,are ***,new free vibration analysis results of the coupled laminated com-posited ECES,which can be used as benchmark data for researchers in this field,are reported through the parameter study.

关键词： Free vibration Haar wavelet discretization method Coupled shell structure Elastic boundary condition

福瑟:写作就是倾听,作者另有其人——约恩·福瑟访谈录

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外国文学研究 2024年第2期46卷 1-6页

作者：克里斯蒂娜·莫德雷亚努约恩·福瑟王语嫣(译) 罗马尼亚巴比什-波雅依大学不详武汉大学艺术学院

约恩·福瑟在接受克里斯蒂娜·莫德雷亚努采访时,谈到了他对易卜生的复杂感情,并就戏剧创作、戏剧排演、戏剧风格等问题发表了自己的看法。福瑟表示,他十分钦佩易卜生,认为他是个颇具天才的“戏剧魔王”;但他觉得易卜生的戏剧里没有爱,... 详细信息

约恩·福瑟在接受克里斯蒂娜·莫德雷亚努采访时,谈到了他对易卜生的复杂感情,并就戏剧创作、戏剧排演、戏剧风格等问题发表了自己的看法。福瑟表示,他十分钦佩易卜生,认为他是个颇具天才的“戏剧魔王”;但他觉得易卜生的戏剧里没有爱,没有怜悯,因而对他是敬而不爱。对于戏剧创作,福瑟有他自己比较独特的一套理念。在他看来,写作就是倾听,是一种源自内心或某个他知之甚少的地方的神秘行为,名叫福瑟者只是听到早已被书写的东西并记录下来,作者则另有其人。福瑟认为,戏剧吸引他的是那些难得的、无法用言语表达的心灵感通的瞬间,而那些珍贵的瞬间,使戏剧超越国籍和语言,成为一种通过情感来理解世界的方式。此外,福瑟非常重视戏剧音乐,在他看来,音乐层面的精准和完美适配是其戏剧在多种标准下成功演出的关键。

关键词：约恩·福瑟易卜生倾听神秘

Envita’s Precision Cancer Care: 35-Fold Improvement in Response Rates

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第4期15卷 99-120页

作者： Sheba Goklany John C. Oertle III Ronald Matthias Jr. Daniel Warren David Medina Rory Sears Robert Zieve Kendra Quart Christopher Aussems jon Moma Shannon Miller Zach Poteet Conner Coffin Courtney Middleton Erika Ware Phylicia Zarnosky Julie Nowak Winlove Suasin Daniel Conway Chad Burk Ruth Tan-Lim Dino Prato Envita Medical Centers Scottsdale AZ USA

New clinical approaches are imperative beyond the widely adopted National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, utilized by prominent cancer institutions. Cancer is the leading cause of death among individuals younger than 85 years within the United States. Despite significant technological advances, including the expenditure of hundreds of billions, treatment outcomes and overall survival have not notably improved for most types of advanced cancer over the last several decades. Over the past 24 years, Envita Medical Centers has pioneered a unique form of personalized treatment approach for late-stage and refractory cancer patients, introducing groundbreaking innovations in the field. Our integrated algorithm utilizes advanced genomics, transcriptomics, and highly tailored immunotherapy, resulting in remarkable outcome improvements. This study presents Envita’s innovative personalized treatment algorithms and examines the response outcomes of 199 late-stage cancer patients treated at Envita Medical Centers over a two-year period. Compared to standard of care and palliative chemotherapy, Envita’s treatment demonstrated a remarkable 35-fold improvement in overall response rates (Figure 1). Moreover, 88% of the patients, the majority presenting with Stage 3 or 4 cancer, experienced a 43-fold improvement in quality of life with minimal side effects, as compared to standard of care chemotherapy and palliative care. This revolutionary success is attributed to Envita’s personalized therapeutic algorithms, which incorporate customized immunotherapy. Envita’s precision care approach has also achieved a 100% better response rate compared to over 65 global chemotherapy clinical trials with more than 2700 patients. The results from this study suggest that a wider utilization of Envita’s personalized approach can significantly benefit patients with late-stage and refractory cancer.

关键词： Envita Medical Centers Late-stage Cancer Overall Response Rate Quality of Life Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) Mutant Allele Frequency (MAF) Precision Care

Application of Multi-well Subsidence Analysis of the Beryl Embayment,Viking Graben,Northern North Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第5期80卷 693-704页

作者： DOU Lirong jon D. TURNER Roger A. SCRUTTON China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation CNPC Beijing 100034 China Department of Geology ＆ Geophysics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JW Scotland UK

The Beryl Embayment is situated at the south end of the North Viking Graben in the North Sea. Three sets of normal faults, with N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, have been recognized in the Beryl Embayment. High-resolution subsidence analysis of 73 wells, combined with some seismic data, has been used to document Middle to Late Jurassic subsidence patterns in this area. The high temporal resolution achieved （1 to 2 million years per data point） has also allowed an assessment to be made of temporal evolution of faults with different orientations, and a study made of how and when the East Shetland Fault was linked and controlled sedimentary facies distributions. The results indicate that the East Shetland Fault can be divided into northern and southern parts which were linked together during the Early-Mid Oxfordian. The Mid-Late Jurassic syn-rift phase can be divided into four stages： minor active extension stage during the Bathonian-Middle Callovian, early syn-rotational stage during the Late Callovian-Early-Mid Oxfordian, syn-rotational climax stage during the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian, and late syn-rotational stage during the Mid-Late Volgian. The results also show that there was a sequential variation of extension direction of active normal faults with different orientations, with an overall shift in the dominant orientation of active normal faults from N-S in the Bathonian-Middle Oxfordian, through NNW-SSE in the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian （≈N30°E）, to NW-SE （≈N45°E） in the Mid-Late Volgian.

关键词： high-resolution subsidence analysis normal fault rift basin Beryl Embayment Viking Graben

Distribution and space use of seed-dispersing rodents in central Pyrenees:implications for genetic diversity,conservation and plant recruitment

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 307-318页

作者： jon URGOITI Alberto MUÑOZ Josep Maria ESPELTA Raúl BONAL CREAF Cerdanyola del VallésCataloniaSpain Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences Faculty of EducationUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain Research group of Genetic and Cultural Biodiversity Research centre for Cinegetic Resources(CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain

The function and conservation of many forest ecosystems depend on the distribution and diversity of the community of rodents that consume and disperse *** habitat preferences and interactions are especially relevant in alpine systems where such granivorous rodents reach the southernmost limit of their distribution and are especially sensitive to global *** analyzed the community of granivorous rodents in the Pyrenees,one of the southernmost mountain ranges of *** species were identified by DNA with particular attention to the Apodemus species,which are prominent seed-dispersing rodents in *** confirmed for the first time the presence of the yellow-necked mouse,Apodemus flavicollis,in central Pyrenees,a typical Eurosiberian species that reaches its southernmost distribution limit in this *** also found the wood mouse,Apodemus sylvaticus,a related species more tolerant to Mediterranean *** rodents were spatially segregated by *** was rare at high altitudes,which might cause the genetic differentiation between populations of the different valleys reported *** also found other seed consumers like dormice,Elyomis quercinus,and voles,Myodes glareolus,with marked habitat *** suggest that population isolation among valleys may increase the genetic diversity of rodents,like *** also highlight the potential threat that global warming may represent for species linked to high-altitude refuges at the southern edge of its distribution,like Apodemus ***,we discuss how this threat may have a dimension in the conservation of alpine forests dispersed by these rodent populations.

关键词： DNA analysis Pyrenees rodents seed dispersal vegetation structure

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第2期10卷 171-181页

作者： Fumin LEI Yanhua QU Gang SONG Per ALSTRÖM jon FJELDSÅ Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden Centre of Macroecology Evolution and ClimateZoological MuseumUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots,including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China(HMSC),thus making necessary a review of the current *** Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America,suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction,and,thus,different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary *** short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the *** geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms,the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range,the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species-rich and endemic-rich,specialized montane avian *** Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial *** studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold-tolerent and warm-tolerent species.

关键词： biodiversity hotspots East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China phylogeographical divergence Pleistocene glaciations species richness and endemism

Modelling of compacted graphite cast iron solidification-Discussion of microstructure parameters

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China Foundry 2020年第2期17卷 144-149页

作者： Jacques Lacaze Urko de la Torre jon Sertucha Anna Regordosa Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux(CIRIMAT) Universitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance Fundación AZTERLAN DurangoSpain

A melt maintained for hours in a press pour unit allowed the following changes over time from spheroidal graphite to compacted graphite iron by casting thermal cups at regular time *** provided extensive experimental information for checking the possibility of simulating solidification of compacted graphite irons by means of a microstructure modelling *** solidification,compacted graphite develops very much as lamellar graphite but with much less *** this basis,a simulation of the thermal analysis records was developed which considers solidification proceeding in a pseudo binary Fe-C *** simulated curves were compared with the experimental ones obtained from three representative alloys that cover the whole microstructure change during the holding of the *** most relevant result is that the parameter describing branching capability of graphite is the most important for reproducing the minimum eutectic temperature and the recalescence which are so characteristic of the solidification of compacted graphite cast irons.

关键词： compacted graphite irons thermal analysis stable eutectic metastable eutectic simulation