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阳光对心脏有益吗？

中华高血压杂志 2010年第11期18卷 1088-1090页

作者： Martin Feelisch Victoria Kolb-Bachofen Donald Liu jon o.lundberg Lucia P.Revelo Christoph V.Suschek Richard B.Weller 陈明谢良地单位不详

随着人类的进化,人们一天当中约有一半时间沐浴于阳光下.如今,由于畏惧皮肤癌,人们不敢暴露在阳光下,而且现代生活方式使得人们长时间接受室内人工照明.我们逐渐认识到这些生活方式的改变会对我们的生物钟产生不利影响,除此之外,阳光对... 详细信息

随着人类的进化,人们一天当中约有一半时间沐浴于阳光下.如今,由于畏惧皮肤癌,人们不敢暴露在阳光下,而且现代生活方式使得人们长时间接受室内人工照明.我们逐渐认识到这些生活方式的改变会对我们的生物钟产生不利影响,除此之外,阳光对人类健康利弊这个问题无论在科学界还是新闻界都是一个很有争议的话题,新闻界对公众健康的影响尤为重要.虽然阳光中的紫外线辐射(ultraviolet radiation,UVR)无疑是白种人非黑色素瘤和黑色素瘤皮肤癌的重要易感因素,但越来越多的数据表明阳光对人体健康有益.目前认为这些益处由褪黑色素或维生素D介导.褪黑色素由大脑中央的松果体在夜间分泌的5羟色胺代谢合成,当人眼的光感受器感应到可见光强度时,褪黑色素的分泌受到抑制.维生素D由皮肤的7-脱氢胆固醇经中波紫外线(ultraviolet B radiation,UVB)照射后转化形成.褪黑色素或维生素D均为多效性激素,均通过与胞膜受体,胞核受体结合及非受体依赖性作用介导多种细胞反应.肤色越深的人形成足量维生素D所需要的紫外线照射量越大,这可能是不同的地理纬度和不同阳光照射强度的地区不同人种的肤色差异的进化驱动力.我们暴露于阳光中的程度极易受以下行为方式的影响,如穿衣服的多少,是否戴太阳镜和使用防晒霜,以及户外活动时间的长短.为了平衡致癌风险和维生素D需求量,专家建议适度阳光暴露,并在辅食中添加维生素D.在多数白种人国家,这种行为指导已经成为公共健康计划的一部分.然而,遵从这些建议,我们可能会错过自然光带来的与上述经典调控关联不大的其他隐蔽的益处

关键词：阳光现代生活方式心脏人类健康人工照明公众健康新闻界皮肤癌

Effects of low-oxygen conditions on embryo growth in the painted turtle,Chrysemys picta

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 148-156页

作者： Gerardo A.CoRDERo Matthew L.KARNATZ jon C.SVENDSEN Eric J.GANGLoFF Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Technical University of Denmark National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesFreshwater FisheriesSilkeborgDenmark Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of PortoPortoPortugal

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;<21%o_(2))are considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in... 详细信息

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;o_(2))are considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in adult reptiles,such as in the painted turtle(Chrysemys picta),its effects on sensitive embryo life stages warrant *** tested the hypothesis that short-term hypoxia negatively affects growth during day 40 of development in ***,when o_(2) demands are highest in embryos.A brief,but severe,hypoxic event(5%o_(2) for 0.5 h)moderately affected embryo growth,causing a 13%reduction in mass(relative to a normoxic control).The same condition had no effect during day 27;instead,a nearly anoxic event(1%o_(2) for 72 h)caused a 5%mass *** embryos survived the egg incubation *** study supports the assumption that reptilian embryos are resilient to intermittently low o_(2) in subterranean *** work is needed to ascertain responses to suboptimal o_(2) levels while undergoing dynamic changes in developmental physiology.

关键词： embryo metabolism embryo respiration growth rate nest environment oxygen consumption rate

Vehicle fuel from biogas with carbon membranes; a comparison between simulation predictions and actual field demonstration

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Green Energy & Environment 2018年第3期3卷 266-276页

作者： Shamim Haider Arne Lindbrathen jon Arvid Lie Petter Vattekar Carstensen ThorbjØrn Johannessen May-Britt Hagg Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNUDepartment of Chemical Engineering

The energy contents of biogas could be significantly enhanced by upgrading it to vehicle fuel quality.A pilot-scale separation plant based on carbon hollow fiber membranes for upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel quality was constructed and operated at the biogas plant,Gl?r IKS,Lillehammer *** fuel quality according to Swedish legislation was successfully achieved in a single stage separation *** raw biogas from anaerobic digestion of food waste contained 64±3 mol%CH_4,30–35 mol%Co_2 and less than one percent of N_2 and a minor amount of other *** raw biogas was available at 1.03 bar with a maximum flow rate of 60 Nm^3h^(à1).Pre-treatment of biogas was performed to remove bulk H_2o and H_2S contents up to the required limits in the vehicle fuel before entering to membrane *** membrane separation plant was designed to process 60 Nm^3h^(à1)of raw biogas at pressure up to 21 *** initial tests were,however,performed for the feed flow rate of 10 Nm^3h^(à1)at 21 *** successful operation of the pilot plant separation was continuously run for 192 h(8days).The CH_4 purity of 96%and maximum CH_4 recovery of 98%was reached in a short-term test of 5 *** permeate stream contained over20 mol%CH_4which could be used for the heating *** Hysys~?was integrated with Chem Brane(in-house developed membrane model)to run the simulations for estimation of membrane area and energy requirement of the pilot *** estimation was performed based on simulation data and later compared with actual field results.

关键词： Biogas upgrading Pilot-scale demonstration Membrane separation Process simulations

Enhancement of the Co_(2)adsorption and hydrogenation to CH_(4)capacity of Ru–Na–Ca/γ–Al_(2)o_(3)dual function material by controlling the Ru calcination atmosphere

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 292-305页

作者： Alejandro Bermejo-López Beñat Pereda-Ayo jon A.onrubia-Calvo JoséA.González-Marcos Juan R.González-Velasco Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversidad del País Vasco UPV/EHUBarrio Sarrienas/n48940 LeioaBizkaiaSpain

Integrated Co_(2)capture and utilization(ICCU)technology requires dual functional materials(DFMs)to carry out the process in a single reaction *** influence of the calcination atmosphere on efficiency of 4%Ru-8%Na_(2)Co_(3)-8%Cao/γ-Al_(2)o_(3)DFM is *** adsorbent precursors are first co-impregnated onto alumina and calcined in ***,Ru precursor is impregnated and four aliquotes are subjected to different calcination protocols:static air in muffle or under different mixtures(10%H_(2)/N_(2),50%H_(2)/N_(2)and N_(2))*** are characterized by XRD,N_(2)adsorption-desorption,H_(2)chemisorption,TEM,XPS,H_(2)-TPD,H_(2)-TPR,Co_(2)-TPD and *** catalytic behavior is evaluated,in cycles of Co_(2)adsorption and hydrogenation to CH_(4),and temporal evolution of reactants and products concentrations is *** calcination atmosphere influences the physicochemical properties and,ultimately,activity of *** data and catalytic performance discover the acccomodation of Ru nanoparticles disposition and basic sites is mostly influencing the catalytic *** calcined under N_(2)flow(RuNaCa-N_(2))shows the highest CH_(4)production(449μmol/g at 370℃),because a well-controlled decomposition of precursors which favors the better accomodation of adsorbent and Ru phases,maximizing the specific surface area,the Ru-basic sites interface and the participation of different basic sites in the Co_(2)methanation ***,the calcination in a N_(2)flow is revealed as the optimal calcination protocol to achieve highly efficient DFM for integrated Co_(2)adsorption and hydrogenation applications.

关键词： Co_(2)methanation Integrated Co_(2)capture and utilization(ICCU) Dual functional material(DFM) Ru calcination atmosphere

Sand attrition in conical spouted beds

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Particuology 2012年第5期10卷 592-599页

作者： Aranzazu R. Fernández-Akarregui jon Makibar Isabel Alava Luis Diaz Fernando Cueva Roberto Aguado Gartzen Lopez Martin olazar Ikerlan-IK4 Juan de 4 la Cierva 1 Arabako Parke TeknologikoaE-01510 Minao Araba Spain Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Basque CountryP.O. Box 644 E48080 Bilbao Spai

A study was carried out on the attrition in conical spouted beds using two sands with different properties for several bed heights and gas flow rates. Furthermore, the influence of a draft tube was studied at ambient and high temperatures. The main objective was to acquire knowledge on the attrition of sand beds for biomass pyrolysis in a pilot plant provided with a conical spouted bed reactor. A first-order kinetic equation is proposed for sand attrition in a conical spouted bed at room temperature. The predicted attrition rate constant depends exponentially on excess air velocity over that for minimum spouting. Both the draft tube and temperature increase contribute to reduction of attrition.

关键词： AttritionConical spouted bedDraft tubeSand attrition

Tuning the charge distribution and crystal field of iron single atoms via iron oxide integration for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 154-163,I0006页

作者： Feifei Zhang Yinlong Zhu Yijun Zhong Jing Zou Yu Chen Lianhai Zu Zhouyou Wang Jack jon Hinsch Yun Wang Lian Zhang Zongping Shao Huanting Wang Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016JiangsuChina WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering(WASM-MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold Coast CampusSouthportQLD 4222Australia

Metal-air batteries face a great challenge in developing efficient and durable low-cost oxygen reduction reaction(oRR)***-atom iron catalysts embedded into nitrogen doped carbon(Fe-N-C)have emerged as attractive materials for potential replacement of Pt in oRR,but their catalytic performance was limited by the symmetrical electronic structure distribution around the single-atom Fe ***,we report our findings in significantly enhancing the oRR performance of Fe-N-C by moderate Fe_(2)o_(3) integration via the strong electronic ***,the optimized catalyst(M-Fe_(2)o_(3)/Fe_(SA)@NC)exhibits excellent activity,durability and good tolerance to methanol,outperforming the benchmark Pt/C *** M-Fe_(2)o_(3)/Fe_(SA)@NC catalyst was used in a practical zinc-air battery assembly,peak power density of 155 mW cm^(-2)and specific capacity of 762 mA h g_(Zn)^(-1)were achieved and the battery assembly has shown superior cycling stability over a period of 200 *** importantly,theoretical studies suggest that the introduction of Fe_(2)o_(3) can evoke the crystal field alteration and electron redistribution on single Fe atoms,which can break the symmetric charge distribution of Fe-N_(4) and thereby optimize the corresponding adsorption energy of intermediates to promote the o_(2)*** study provides a new pathway to promote the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts.

关键词： Single-atom catalysts oxide nanoclusters Electronic interactions oxygen reduction reaction Zn-air battery

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In the News

英语世界 2021年第1期40卷 127-128页

作者： Andy Baxter jon Porter

What did the arrival of the Internet and 24-hour news mean for British newspapers?In Britain, before the Internet, people would listen to the news on the radio as they got up. They would then read a newspaper in the morning, perhaps on the train while travelling to work. on the way home, they might even buy another newspaper—an evening newspa-per, possibly a local newspaper. Then they would watch the news on television at six o'clock, and again at nine or ten o'clock before going to bed. And at the weekend they had the big Sunday papers. Yes, before the Internet, there were easy,

关键词： Internet In the News

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纽约拾荒客

疯狂英语（新悦读） 2018年第1期 36-37页

作者： jon Alpert Matthew o’Neill T Boy

说起纽约,我们往往只会想起它光鲜的一面,而忽视了阴暗面的存在;即使见到了,也不太愿意正眼去看,更不会去细想。但是,无论是乞丐,还是脏乱差的街道,都是纽约的有机组成部分。下面,我们一起走近纽约的拾荒客,听听他们的故事吧。沃尔特:... 详细信息

说起纽约,我们往往只会想起它光鲜的一面,而忽视了阴暗面的存在;即使见到了,也不太愿意正眼去看,更不会去细想。但是,无论是乞丐,还是脏乱差的街道,都是纽约的有机组成部分。下面,我们一起走近纽约的拾荒客,听听他们的故事吧。沃尔特:我是一名60岁的越战老兵。我捡罐子已经有八年、十年了。这是一份全天的工作,因为如果你不全天工作,你就换不到足够的钱。好了,这里有5、10、15、20、25、30、45、50、55美分。太好了.这里有很多人完全靠在街上捡罐子过活,他们昼夜都在街上,靠捡罐子维持生计。曾几何时,你总能在城里找到一份零工,不会去想捡罐子之类的事。

关键词： Security

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水中无机组分的化学分析