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Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 33-48页

作者： Francis Levi A.DURANO jon marx SARmIENTO Larry N.DIGAL Pedro A.ALVIOLA IV School of management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation areas.

关键词： Cocoa farms Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines Stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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两种富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白参与选择性剪接实现对水稻耐热性的昼夜节律调控

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 59-71页

作者：杨闯罗安妮芦海平 Seth jon Davis 刘建祥 State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warming associated with extreme high temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and nighttime.However,the underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown.We show here that two glycine-rich RNA binding proteins,Os GRP3 and Os GRP162,are required for thermotolerance in rice,especially at nighttime.The rhythmic expression of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 peaks at midnight,and at these coincident times,is increased by heat stress.This is largely dependent on the evening complex component Os ELF3-2.We next found that the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 is strikingly more sensitive to heat stress in terms of survival rate and seed setting rate when comparing to the wild-type plants.Interestingly,the defect in thermotolerance is more evident when heat stress occurred in nighttime than that in daytime.Upon heat stress,the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 displays globally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive genes,and increases of m RNA alternative splicing dominated by exon-skipping.This study thus reveals the important role of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 in thermotolerance in rice,and unravels the mechanism on how Os GRP3/Os GRP162 regulate thermotolerance in a diurnal manner.

关键词： Alternative splicing Diurnal regulation Glycine-rich protein Oryza sativa L. Thermotolerance

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不确定性院前预警评分可否用来早期识别需要紧急治疗的疑似脓毒症患者?

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第1期25卷 46-51页

作者： Steve Goodacre Ben Thomas michael Smyth jon m dickson 刘雯丽(译) 梁志欣(校) School of Health and Related Research(ScHARR) University of SheffieldSheffield S14DAUK Warwick medical School University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Faculty of medicine Dentistry and Health University of SheffieldSheffield S102HQUK 解放军总医院第一医学中心呼吸与危重症医学科

脓毒症的早期识别和治疗对降低死亡率至关重要,但这只有当疑似脓毒症患者在紧急救护系统中接受优先治疗的情况下才能实现。一种可以识别这些患者的推荐方法是使用早期预警评分。这些评分使用简单的临床测量来计算指示不良结局风险,并且... 详细信息

脓毒症的早期识别和治疗对降低死亡率至关重要,但这只有当疑似脓毒症患者在紧急救护系统中接受优先治疗的情况下才能实现。一种可以识别这些患者的推荐方法是使用早期预警评分。这些评分使用简单的临床测量来计算指示不良结局风险,并且一些指南对其在脓毒症早期识别中的应用提出了建议(框图1)。

关键词：脓毒症患者早期识别紧急救护早期预警评分不良结局临床测量院前不确定性

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Using physiological conditions to assess current and future habitat use of a Subarctic frog

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 2-14页

作者： Thomas P.HASTINGS Blake R.HOSSACK LeeAnn FISHBACK jon m.DAVENPORT Department of Biology Appalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Centerand Wildlife Biology ProgramW.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Churchill Northern Studies Centre ChurchillManitobaCanada

Species with especially close dependence on the environment to meet physiological requirements,such as ectotherms,are highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Climate change is occurring rapidly in the Subarctic and Arctic,but there is limited knowledge on ectotherm physiology in these landscapes.We investigated how environmental conditions and habitat characteristics inﬂuence the physiological conditions and habitat use of wood frogs(Rana sylvatica)in a Subarctic landscape near Churchill,manitoba(Canada).We used plaster models to estimate water loss rates and surface body temperatures among different habitat types and at speciﬁc locations used by radio-tracked frogs.Water loss(R2=0.67)and surface temperature(R2=0.80)of plaster models was similar to that of live frogs.model-based water loss rates were greater in tundra habitat than in boreal forest and ecotone habitat.Habitat use of wood frogs was strongly tied with available surface moisture and decreased water loss rates that were observed with plaster models.Environmental conditions,such as wind speed and ground tem-perature,explained 58%and 91%of the variation in water balance and temperature of plaster models.maintaining physiological conditions may be challenging for semi-aquatic ectotherms in environments vulnerable to future cli-mate change.The ability to predict physiological conditions based on environmental conditions,as demonstrated in our study,can help understand how wildlife will respond to climatic changes.

关键词： Arctic climate change landscape physiology water balance wood frog

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The Adjacency Codes of the First Yellow Graphs

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系统科学与复杂性学报:英文版 2023年第4期36卷 1757-1768页

作者： SHI minjia LI Shitao KIm jon-Lark SOLE Patrick Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of EducationSchool of Mathematical SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of mathematical Sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230026China Department of math Sogang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Aix marseille Univ CNRSCentrale MarseilleI2MMarseilleFrance

The authors study the binary codes spanned by the adjacency matrices of the strongly regular graphs(SRGs)on at most two hundred vertices whose existence is unknown.The authors show that in length less than one hundred they cannot be cyclic,except for the exceptions of the SRGs of parameters(85,42,20,21)and(96,60,38,36).In particular,the adjacency code of a(85,42,20,21)is the zero-sum code.In the range[100,200]the authors find 29 SRGs that could possibly have a cyclic adjacency code.

关键词： Cyclic codes strongly regular graphs adjacency codes self-orthogonal codes

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A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle jon Sen Christopher Adams David N.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis Divya m.Chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

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Twin Deliveries - East meets West

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maternal-Fetal medicine 2022年第4期4卷 251-254页

作者： jon Barrett Qiongjie Zhou Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of TorontoToronto M5N 3M5Canada Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200011China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases Shanghai 200011China

mode of delivery in twin gestation has been a matter of debate for decades. In 2013, the only randomized controlled trial concerning mode of delivery in twin gestations was published, answering some of the most pressing questions in this matter. The Twin Birth Study randomized patients carrying dichorionic-diamniotic or monochorionic-diamniotic twins, with the first twin in cephalic presentation, between 32 and 39 weeks of gestation, to planned vaginal vs. planned cesarean delivery, and found no significant differences in perinatal or maternal outcomes. These clinical findings greatly benefit our clinical practice, but there lacks related study investigating how the practices have changed. In this review, we searched Pubmed from 1980 through January 2021 using combinations of the following terms: twin, delivery, vaginal delivery, and cesarean section. We will try to address the known literature before and after the publication of the Twin Birth Study in western countries and compare that to what has been practiced in China.

关键词： Twins Delivery Vaginal delivery Cesarean section

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Tri-axial accelerometry shows differences in energy expenditure and parental effort throughout the breeding season in long-lived raptors

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 57-67页

作者： Pascual LOPEZ-LOPEZ Arturo mPERONA Olga EGEA-CASAS jon mORANT Vicente URIOS movement Ecology Laboratory Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Valencia.C/Catedratico JoseBeltran 2E-46980 PaternaValenciaSpain Department of Ornithology Aranzadi Sciences SocietyDonostia-S.SebastianGuipuzcoa 03690Spain Vertebrates Zoology Research Group University of AlicanteApdo.99Alicante E-03080Spain

Cutting-edge technologies are extremely useful to develop new workflows in studying ecological data,particularly to understand animal behavior and movement trajectories at the individual level.Although parental care is a well-studied phenomenon,most studies have been focused on direct observational or video recording data,as well as experimental manipulation.Therefore,what happens out of our sight still remains unknown.Using high-frequency GPS/GSm dataloggers and tri-axial accelerometers we monitored 25 Bonelli’s eagles Aquila fasciata during the breeding season to understand parental activities from a broader perspective.We used recursive data,measured as number of visits and residence time,to reveal nest attendance patterns of biparental care with role specialization between sexes.Accelerometry data interpreted as the overall dynamic body acceleration,a proxy of energy expenditure,showed strong differences in parental effort throughout the breeding season and between sexes.Thereby,males increased substantially their energetic requirements,due to the increased workload,while females spent most of the time on the nest.Furthermore,during critical phases of the breeding season,a low percentage of suitable hunting spots in eagles’territories led them to increase their ranging behavior in order to find food,with important consequences in energy consumption and mortality risk.Our results highlight the crucial role of males in raptor species exhibiting biparental care.Finally,we exemplify how biologging technologies are an adequate and objective method to study parental care in raptors as well as to get deeper insight into breeding ecology of birds in general.

关键词： biologging GPS movement ecology ODBA space use telemetry

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Odyssey of the spermatozoon

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 522-528页

作者： dickson D Varner Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and BiomedicalSciences Texas A and M University College StationTX 77843-4475 USA.

This Opinion piece is offered as a cursory overview of sperm development,function, and transport through the eyes of an equine veterinarian. my professional background is predominantly clinical in nature, but my fascination with sperm function and preservation has led to a fairly sizeable review of the scientific literature over the years in hopes of extracting laboratory findings that have application to my daily activities in the clinical arena. Spermatozoa are quite unique among cellular types with regard to both form and function, and represent the only endogenously derived cell type that exerts its action in a separate being. This paper takes the reader on a voyage with a mammalian spermatozoon, from its formative stages through its transport in the male and female reproductive tracts, and culminating with its interaction with an ovulated oocyte at the time of fertilization. Specific emphasis is placed on equine spermatozoa when notable research findings have been unveiled.

关键词： Opinion development predominantly

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The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 169-179页

作者： jon Hazeldine Peter Hampson Janet m.Lord NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK Healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152WBUK

As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients,the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly important.Centred on the idea that patients who experience"poor"outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience"good"outcome,tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific therapies.making use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics,proteomics and metabolomics,numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse outcome.Early results are encouraging,with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with"good"outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections,sepsis and multiple organ failure,with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post injury.In particular,genomic data is proving to be highly informative,identifying patients at risk of"poor"outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring systems.Here,focussing predominantly upon human-based research,we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic,protein and metabolite level,and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.

关键词： Burns Cytokines Genomics Inflammation mortality Sepsis Trauma

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