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No trade-off between trichome production and tolerance to leaf and inflorescence damage in a natural population of Arabidopsis lyrata

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 373-383页

作者： Adriana Puentes jonågren Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution Evolutionary Biology Centre(EBC)Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DSE-75236 UppsalaSweden

Aims Early models of plant defense conceived resistance and tolerance to herbivore damage as mutually exclusive *** for this idea has been equivocal and studies on these two strategies are still needed to understand the evolution of defenses in natural *** Arabidopsis lyrata,the production of trichomes,a documented resistance trait,has been associated with a fitness cost in the absence of *** examined whether trichome production is also associated with reduced tolerance to simulated herbivore *** We conducted a field experiment in a natural swedish population of *** where we inflicted leaf(0 vs.50%of the area of each leaf removed)and inflorescence damage(0 vs.50%of inflores-cences removed)to trichome-producing and glabrous plants in a factorial *** examined the response(survival,growth and reproduction)of the plants to the imposed damage over 2 *** Findingstrichome-producing plants were not less tolerant than glabrous plants to simulated herbivore damage(no significant morph×leaf damage or morph×inflorescence damage interactions).Inflorescence and leaf damage had independent negative effects on the performance of damaged *** damage reduced rosette size the year of damage,but effects on reproductive output in the year of damage,and on survival and reproductive performance the following year were weak and not statistically *** damage significantly reduced the number of flowers,fruits and seeds the year of damage,but not in the following *** of morph,the study population was more tolerant to leaf than to inflorescence *** results indicated no trade-off between trichome production and tolerance,suggesting that these two defense mechanisms have the potential to evolve indepen-dently in this *** population.

关键词： plant defense fitness costs resistance traits defoliation florivory

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The materials genome and CALPHAD

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第15期59卷 1635-1640页

作者： John gren Materials Science and Engineering The Royal Institute of Technology

The mapping of the human genome is an important basis for the development of new medicals and medical ***,it has attracted tremendous research funding over the last *** June2011,the Materials Genome Initiative was announced by the US President Obama as collaboration on modeling and advanced materials ***,the materials genome was given a rather vague definition in the ***,the materials genome should be defined in analogy with biological genomes and one may then conclude that:at any moment,the performance of a specific material depends on its chemical composition(inherent property stored in its genome)and its environment(external interactions–processing–conditions during usage).The materials genome should thus be defined as a set of information encoded in the language of thermodynamics obtained by careful assessment of experimental data and quantum mechanical calculations from which certain conclusions about the material can be *** CALPHAD databases contain the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a materials *** databases allow the prediction of materials structure as well as its response to processing and usage conditions,and are major parts of integrated computational materials engineering.

关键词：材料数据库人类基因组相图计算量子力学计算基因组计划动力学性质科研经费美国总统

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Comparative study using MS and XRD of Fe_(80)Al_(20) alloy produced by mechanical alloying

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第8期56卷 1504-1507页

作者： HADEF F. OTMANI A. grenèCHE J.M. Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces LRPCSIUniversité 20 Ao t 1955BP 26Route d'El-HaddaiekSkikda 21000Algérie LUNAM Université du MaineInstitut des Molécules et Matériaux du MansIMMM UMR CNRS 628372085 Le MansFrance

An X-ray diffraction and 57Fe MOssbauer effect study of mechanically alloyed Fe80Al20 is presented. X-ray measurements indicate that the disordered bcc α-Fe（A1） solid solution was formed after 2 h of milling, while the analysis of Mrssbauer spectra suggested that total dissolution of aluminium is achieved after 10 h of milling. These differences can be attributed to：（i） rapid nanocrystallization of aluminium and/or （ii） small particles with small amounts of aluminium cannot be detected by the X-ray diffraction technique.

关键词： nanostructured materials Fe-AI alloys mechanical alloying X-ray diffraction M6ssbauer spectrometry

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Recent research progress for upconversion assisted dye-sensitized solar cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第6期32卷 1834-1846页

作者： Xugeng Guo Wenpeng Wu Yuanyuan Li Jinglai Zhang Li Wang Hans Ågren Institute of Upconversion Nanoscale Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden

Upconversion(UC)technology makes it possible to harvest infrared(IR)light from the sun and has increasingly been employed in recent years to improve the efficiency of solar *** progress in the area concerns both research on fundamental principles and processes of UC and technologies of device *** increase of important solar cell parameters,like short-circuit photocurrent density and open-circuit photovoltage as well as the total photon-to-current efficiency,has been *** here review the research published during the last few years in the area,in particular we consider the two most cherished techniques,namely the incorporation of upconverting nanophosphors directly into the photoanodes of the solar cells and the introduction of plasmonic metal nanoparticles co-existing with the UC *** ways to achieve strong field enhancement,and the use of the non-linear nature of UC,is to apply microlenses,with or without assisting plasmonic *** enhanced UC action has been demonstrated by broad band and effective harvesting by organic IR antennas,with subsequent mediation by an intermediate nanoshell of the energy into the upconverting ***,nanohybrid and layer-by-layer technologies involving upconverting particles as well as the use of upconverting nanoparticles in hole-transport and electrolyte layers,tested in recent works,are also *** most of these technologies employ upconverting rare earth metals for sequential photon absorption,the main alternative technique,namely triplet-triplet annihilation UC using organic materials,is also *** is our belief that all these approaches will be further much researched in the near future,with potentially great impact on solar cell technology.

关键词： Upconversion nanoparticles Dye-sensitized solar cells Infrared light Triplet-triplet annihilation Photovoltaic systems

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On the rate of convergence of the maximum likelihood estimator of a k-monotone density

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第7期52卷 1525-1538页

作者： WELLNER jon A Department of Statistics University of Washington

Bounds for the bracketing entropy of the classes of bounded k-monotone functions on [0,A] are obtained under both the Hellinger distance and the Lp(Q) distance,where 1 p < ∞ and Q is a probability measure on [0,A].The result is then applied to obtain the rate of convergence of the maximum likelihood estimator of a k-monotone density.

关键词： bracketing metric entropy maximum likelihood estimator Hellinger distance 62G05 46B50

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Electrostatic interaction-mediated 1:1 complexes for high-contrast mitochondrial-targeted phosphorescence bioimaging

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3406-3413页

作者： Jianshuo Cheng Hao Sun Lulu Zhou Glib VBaryshnikov Mouwei Liu Shen Shen Hans Ågren Liangliang Zhu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping 60174Sweden Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75120Sweden

Organelle-targeted imaging can provide information on cellular functions and intracellular interactions,being significant for disease *** use of room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)in organelle-targeted imaging can fully utilize its unique characteristics of long wavelength and deep ***,this technology has long been plagued by insufficient probe targeting and limited luminous *** this work,we prepared a series of complexes composed of multicationic persulfurated arenes and biomacromolecules via electrostatic interactions in 1:1 stoichiometry for high-contrast mitochondrial-targeted RTP *** an electrostatic interaction design effectively prevented the self-aggregation of the probes,which is not conducive to mitochondrial ***,it suppressed the non-radiative decay to the maximum extent,enabling the probes to exhibit strong RTP signals both in aqueous solution and at the cellular ***,the biomacromolecules can serve as carriers for an electrostatic interaction transfer of the persulfurated arenes to *** leads to high mitochondrial targeting Pearson's correlation coefficients of the probes and high-contrast RTP imaging effects,as well as the independence of the co-incubated probe *** results provide new insights for the development of targeted imaging technologies.

关键词： room-temperature phosphorescence mitochondrial targeting bioimaging complex electrostatic interaction

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Varieties for Cohomology with Twisted Coefficients

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 1999年第1期15卷 81-92页

作者： jon F.Carlson Department of Mathemtics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602 USA

Let G be a finite group and k a field of characteristic p>*** this paper we consider the support variety for the cohomology module ExtkG*（M,N） where M and N are *** is the subvariety of the maximal ideal spectrum of H*（G,k） of the annihilator of the cohomology module. For modules in the principal block we show that that the variety is contained in the intersections of the varieties of M and N and the difference between the that intersection and the support variety of the cohomology module is contained in the group theoretic *** other blocks a new nucleus is defined and a similar theorem is *** in the case of modules in a nonprincipal block several new difficulties are highlighted by some examples.

关键词： Group Cohomology Support varieties Cohomological varieties Annihilators of cohomology

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Visualizing Material Processing via Photoexcitation-ControlledOrganic-Phase Aggregation-Induced Emission

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1402-1412页

作者： Jian Gu Bingbing Yue Glib V.Baryshnikov Zhongyu Li Man Zhang Shen Shen HansÅgren Liangliang Zhu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)has been much employed for visualizing material aggregation and ***,water is generally required for the preparation of the AIE aggregates,the operation of which limits numerous material processing *** hexathiobenzene-based small molecules,monopolymers,and block copolymers as different material prototypes,we herein achieve AIE in pure organic phases by applying a nonequilibrium strategy,photoexcitationcontrolled *** strategy enabled a dynamic change of molecular conformation rather than chemical structure upon irradiation,leading to a continuous aggregation-dependent luminescent enhancement(up to~200-fold increase of the luminescent quantum yield)in organic *** by the materialization of the nonequilibrium strategy,photoconvertible self-assemblies with a steady-state characteristic can be achieved upon organic solvent *** visual monitoring with the luminescence change covered the whole solution-to-film transition,as well as the in situ photoprocessing of the solid-state materials.

关键词： excitation aggregation nonequilibrium

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Phenotypic plasticity of labile traits in the wild

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 485-505页

作者： jon E. BROMMER Department of Biology University Hill 20014 University of Turku Finland ARONIA Research and Development Institute Novia Applied University and Abo Akademi University Raseborgsvaigen 9 10600 Ekenas Finland

Individual-based studies allow quantification ofphenotypic plasticity in behavioural, life-history and other labile traits The study of phenotypic plasticity in the wild can shed new light on the ultimate objectives （1） whether plasticity itself can evolve or is constrained by its genetic architecture, and （2） whether plasticity is associated to other traits, including fitness （selection）. I describe the main statistical approach for how repeated records of individuals and a description of the environment （E） allow quantification of variation in plasticity across individuals （IxE） and genotypes （GxE） in wild populations. Based on a literature review of life-history and behavioural studies on plasticity in the wild, I discuss the present state of the two objectives listed above. Few studies have quantified GxE of labile traits in wild populations, and it is likely that power to detect statistically sig- nificant GxE is lacking. Apart from the issue of whether it is heritable, plasticity tends to correlate with average trait expression （not fully supported by the few genetic estimates available） and may thus be evolutionary constrained in this way. Individ- ual-specific estimates of plasticity tend to be related to other traits of the individual （including fitness）, but these analyses may be anti-conservative because they predominantly concern stats-on-stats. Despite the increased interest in plasticity in wild popula- tions, the putative lack of power to detect GxE in such populations hinders achieving general insights. I discuss possible steps to invigorate the field by moving away from simply testing for presence of GxE to analyses that ＇scale up＇ to population level proce-sses and by the development of new behavioural theory to identify quantitative genetic parameters which can be estimated

关键词： Individual-level plasticity Life history Animal personality Linear mixed model Animal model Wild population Longitudinal study

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Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna Niska Leif Sjögren Peter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and Norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app,whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones.A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

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