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Upconverting nanoparticle-containing erythrocyte-sized hemoglobin microgels that generate heat,oxygen and reactive oxygen species for suppressing hypoxic tumors

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 112-126页

作者： Hanju Kim johyun yoon Hwang Kyung Kim Woo Tak Lee Nguyen Thi Nguyen Xuan Thien Le Eun-Hee Lee Eun Seong Lee Kyung Taek Oh Han-Gon Choi Yu Seok Youn School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi-do16419Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Korea University2511 Sejong-roSejong30019Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology and Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering the Catholic University of Korea43 Jibong-roBucheon-siGyeonggi-do14662Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-roDongjak-guSeoul06974Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Hanyang University55Hanyangdaehak-roSangnok-guAnsan15588Republic of Korea

Inspired by erythrocytes that contain oxygen-carrying hemoglobin(Hb)and that exhibit photo-driven activity,we introduce homogenous-sized erythrocyte-like Hb microgel(μGel)systems(5-6μm)that can(i)emit heat,(ii)supply oxygen,and(iii)generate reactive oxygen species(ROS;1O2)in response to near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.Hb μGels consist of Hb,bovine serum albumin(BSA),chlorin e6(Ce6)and erbium@lutetium upconverting nanoparticles(UCNPs;~35 nm)that effectively convert 808 nm NIR light to 660 nm visible light.These Hb μGels are capable of releasing oxygen to help generate sufficient reactive oxygen species(^(1)O_(2))from UCNPs/Ce6 under severely hypoxic condition upon NIR stimulation for efficient photodynamic activity.Moreover,the Hb μGels emit heat and increase surface temperature due to NIR light absorption by heme(iron protoporphyrin IX)and display photothermal activity.By changing the Hb/UCNP/Ce6 ratio and controlling the amount of NIR laser irradiation,it is possible to formulate bespoke Hb μGels with either photothermal or photodynamic activity or both in the context of combined therapeutic effect.These Hb μGels effectively suppress highly hypoxic 4T1 cell spheroid growth and xenograft mice tumors in vivo.

关键词： Hemoglobin microgel Upconversion Photothermal therapy Photodynamic therapy Hypoxic tumors Oxygen-generation

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全非线性波的高阶谱方法

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2023年第1期22卷 115-127页

作者： Jang Kim Sewan Park Zhirong Shen johyun Kyoung Aldric Baquet Hyungtae Lee yoon-Jin Ha Ji-Yong Park Kyong-Hwan Kim Front Energies HoustonTX77084USA Korean Research Institute of Ships&Ocean Engineering Daejeon 34103Korea

Efficient generation of an accurate numerical wave is an essential part of the Numerical Wave Basin that simulates the interaction of floating structures with extreme waves.computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is used to model the complex free-surface flow around the floating structure.To minimize CFD domain that requires intensive computing resources,fully developed nonlinear waves are simulated in a large domain that covers far field by more efficient potential flow model and then coupled with the CFD solution nearfield.Several numerical models have been proposed for the potential flow model.the higher-level spectral(HLS)method presented in this paper is the extended version of HLS model for deep water recently been derived by combining efficiency and robustness of the two existing numerical models–Higher-Order Spectral method and Irrotational Green-Naghdi model(Kim et al.2022).The HLS model is extended for the application of finite-depth of water considering interaction with background current.The verification of the HLS model for finite depth is made by checking the qualification criteria of the generated random waves for a wind-farm application in the Dong-Hae Sea of Korea.A selected wave event that represents P90 crest height is coupled to a CFD-based numerical wave tank for the future air-gap analysis of a floating wind turbine.

关键词： Fully nonlinear wave Higher-level spectral Computational fluid dynamics Numerical wave tank Wind-farm Air-gap

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