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COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第4期6卷 1128-1141页

作者： Chengdi Wang Zhoufeng Wang Guangyu Wang johnson yiu-nam lau Kang Zhang Weimin Li Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalWest China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijingChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and Technologyand University HospitalMacaoChina

Since the first description of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019,the virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes the infection/disease(COVID-19)has evolved into a pandemic,and as of today,>100 million people globally in over 210 countries have been confirmed to have been infected and two million people have died of *** brief review summarized what we have hitherto learned in the following areas:epidemiology,virology,and pathogenesis,diagnosis,use of artificial intelligence in assisting diagnosis,treatment,and vaccine *** there are a number of parallel developments in each of these areas and some of the development and deployment were at unprecedented speed,we also provided some specific dates for certain development and milestones so that the readers can appreciate the timing of some of these critical *** note is the fact that there are diagnostics,antiviral drugs,and vaccines developed and approved by a regulatory within 1 year after the virus was *** a number of developments were conducted in parallel,we also provided the specific dates of a number of critical events so that readers can appreciate the evolution of these research data and our *** world is working together to combat this *** review also highlights the research and development directions in these areas that will evolve rapidly in the near future.

关键词： diagnosis epidemiology looking

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COVID-19 Delta variants—Current status and implications as of August 2021

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2021年第4期4卷 287-292页

作者： Flora Yu Lok-Ting lau Manson Fok johnson yiu-nam lau Kang Zhang Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexas 75080-3021USA Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon TongHong Kong SAR 999077China University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has evolved as the dominant strain of the current *** have shown that this variant has increased infectivity/viral load,and reduced neutralization by the host antibodies from convalescent patients/***,Delta variant infection has been observed/documented in convalescent patients/vaccinees,although with less incidence of severe diseases,but can serve as reservoir to spread the infection to the *** current understanding(as of 18 August 2021)on the virologic aspect(including the amino acid substitutions),clinical implications,and public health implications will be discussed in this mini review,and recommendations to health authorities will be provided.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 coronavirus Delta variant transmissibility vaccine

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Estimated prevalence and viral transmissibility in subjects with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Wuhan,China

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 301-305页

作者： Kang Zhang Weiwei Tong Xinghuan Wang johnson yiu-nam lau Center for BioMedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technologies Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina

The role of subjects with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the current pandemic is *** on two different approaches to estimate the culminative attack rate(seroprevalence of antibodies against SARSCoV-2,and a four compartment mathematical model)and the reported number of patients with COVID-19,the ratio of asymptomatic versus symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated to be 7(95%CI:2.8–12.4)in Wuhan,Hubei,China,the first epicenter of this pandemic,which has settled with no new *** with detailed recording of the contact sources in a cohort of patients,and applying the estimations to an established mathematical model,the viral transmissibility of the subjects with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is around 10%of that of the symptomatic patients(95%CI:7.6%–12.3%).Public health measures/policies should address this important pool of infectious source in combat against this viral pandemic.

关键词： asymptomatic carriers infection COVID-19

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A four-compartment model for the COVID-19 infection—implications on infection kinetics,control measures,and lockdown exit strategies

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第2期3卷 104-112页

作者： Tianbing Wang Yanqiu Wu johnson yiu-nam lau Yingqi Yu Liyu Liu Jing Li Kang Zhang Weiwei Tong Baoguo Jiang Peking University People’s Hospital Beijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100044China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Gennlife(Beijing)Technology Co Ltd BeijingChina School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina

Objective:To analyse the impact and repercussions of the surge in healthcare demand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic,assess the potential effectiveness of various infection/disease control measures,and make projections on the best approach to exit from the current ***:A four-compartment model was constructed for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the Wuhan data and validated with data collected in Italy,the UK,and the *** model captures the effectiveness of various disease suppression measures in three modifiable factors:(a)the per capita contact rate(β)that can be lowered by means of social distancing,(b)infection probability upon contacting infectious individuals that can be lowered by wearing facemasks,personal hygiene,etc.,and(c)the population of infectious individuals in contact with the susceptible population,which can be lowered by *** model was used to make projections on the best approach to exit from the current ***:The model was applied to evaluate the epidemiological data and hospital burden in Italy,the UK,and the *** control measures were identified as the key drivers for the observed epidemiological data through sensitivity *** the different lockdown exit strategies showed that a lockdown exit strategy with a combination of social separation/general facemask use may work,but this needs to be supported by intense monitoring whichwould allowre-introduction/tightening of the controlmeasures if the number of newinfected subjects increases *** and relevance:Governments should act early in a swift and decisive manner for containment *** lockdown exit will need to be monitored closely,with regards to the potential of lockdown *** mathematical model provides a framework for major pandemics in the future.

关键词： COVID-19 exit strategy population infection rates control measures

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Assessment of infectivity and the impact on neutralizing activity of immune sera of the COVID-19 variant,CAL.20C

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第8期6卷 2322-2324页

作者： Zhongcheng Zhou Peng Du Meixing Yu Daniel T.Baptista-Hon Man Miao Andy P.Xiang johnson yiu-nam lau COVID-Immunity Investigation Group Gen Li Kang Zhang Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina University Hospital and Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringMinistry of EducationSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Bioinformatics and Al Bioland LaboratoryGuangzhouChina

Dear Editor,New variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging since the initial outbreak in 2019;1 one of the latest ones was identified in Southern California in October 2020 and was subsequently detected in 26 other sta... 详细信息

关键词： neutral impact California

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in two patients who have recovered from COVID-19

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 292-293页

作者： Kang Zhang johnson yiu-nam lau Lei Yang Zhen-Guo Ma Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SARChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060China

Dear Editor,The duration of immune protection against SAR-CoV-2 reinfection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 is a critical unanswered *** determine the long-term clinical and virologic outcome in patients who have recovered from COVID-19,we prospectively followed 220 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between 15 January and 15 February 2020 who recovered and were followed up until 15 July 2020.

关键词： asymptomatic carriers reinfection COVID-19

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Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第3期3卷 169-174页

作者： Fan Fan Hou Fuling Zhou Xin Xu Daowen Wang Gang Xu Tao Jiang Sheng Nie XiaoyanWu Chanjun Ren Guangyu Wang johnson yiu-nam lau Xinghuan Wang Kang Zhang Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchGuangzhou 510515China Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430000China Tongji Hospital Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Jingzhou Central Hospital Jingzhou 434020China Wuhan Kingmed Medical Laboratory WuhanChina Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina

Objective:To identify the effectiveness of a personnel protection strategy in protection of healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 ***:During the COVID-19 pandemic,943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment(PPE),in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of *** conducted a serological survey on the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among the healthcare workers sent to Wuhan and compared the seropositive rate to that in local healthcare workers from Wuhan and ***:Serial tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and tests for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M and G after the 6-8 week mission revealed a zero cumulative attack *** the local healthcare workers inWuhan and Jingzhou of Hubei Province,2.5%(113 out of 4495)and 0.32%(10 out of 3091)had RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19,*** seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies(IgG,IgM,or both IgG/IgM positive)was 3.4%(53 out of 1571)in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4%(126 out of 2336)in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas,*** and relevance:Our study confirmed that adequate training/PPE can protect medical personnel against SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： COVID-19 healthcare workers personal protective equipment(PPE)

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Significant reduction of humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 4 months after the diagnosis of COVID-19

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2021年第1期4卷 73-76页

作者： Kang Zhang Zhen-Guo Ma Lei Yang Wei Kang Yun Yin johnson yiu-nam lau University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SARChina Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060China Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan 430060China The First affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China School of Business Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SARChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina

Editor’s note A commentary on“Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland”.Humoral response to COVID-19 disease,including IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus,is well documented.1,2 Neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 virus have also been confirmed in patients who have recovered from COVID-19.2 These observations form the basis for the assumption that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be developed through stimulation of the host immune system to generate neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus.

关键词： humoral response antibodies COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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HM30181A,a potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor,potentiates the absorption and in vivo antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel in an orthotopic brain tumor model

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2020年第4期17卷 986-1001页

作者： Wu Zeng Betty Yuen Kwan Law Vincent Kam Wai Wong Denise So Bik Chan Simon Wing Fai Mok Joyce Jia Ying Gao Rebecca Ka Yan Ho Xu Liang Jia Hao Li Ming Tsung Lee Weng Li Yoon Michael P Smolinski johnson yiu nam lau Christopher Wai Kei Lam Manson Fok State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina At he nex Hong Kong Irmo vative Limited Hong Kong China Faculty of Medici ne Macao Un iversity of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Athenex Inc. New York 14203USA

Objective:Delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the brain has remained a major obstacle in the treatment of glioma,owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the activity of P-gp,which pumps its substrate back into the systemic *** aim of the present study was to develop an intravenous formulation of HM30181 A(HM)to inhibit P-gp in the brain to effectively deliver paclitaxel(PTX)for the treatment of malignant ***:Two formulations of solubilized HM were designed on the basis of different solid dispersion strategies:i)spray-drying[polyvinlypyrrolidone(PVP)-HM]and ii)solvent evaporation[HP-β-cyclodextrin(cyclodextrin)-HM].The P-gp inhibition of these 2 formulations was assessed on the basis of rhodamine 123 uptake in cancer *** and brain pharmacokinetic parameters were also determined,and the antitumor effect of cyclodextrin-HM with PTX was evaluated in an orthotopic glioma xenograft mouse ***:Although both PVP-HM and cyclodextrin-HM formulations showed promising P-gp inhibition activity in vitro,cyclodextrin-HM had a higher maximum tolerated dose in mice than did *** study of cyclodextrin-HM revealed a plasma concentration plateau at 20 mg/kg,and the mice began to lose weight at doses above this ***-HM(10 mg/kg)administered with PTX at 10 mg/kg showed optimal antitumor activity in a mouse model,according to both tumor volume measurement and survival time(P<0.05).Conclusions:In a mouse orthotopic brain tumor model,the intravenous co-administration of cyclodextrin-HM with PTX showed potent antitumor effects and therefore may have potential for glioma therapy in humans.

关键词： HM30181A glioma pharmacokinetics paclitaxel P-glycoprotein

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The SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R-E484Q variant in the Indian B.1.617 strain showed significant reduction in the neutralization activity of immune sera

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2021年第3期4卷 149-154页

作者： Gen Li Zhongcheng Zhou Peng Du Meixing Yu Ning Li Xinxin Xiong Hong Huang Zhihai Liu Qinjin Dai Jie Zhu Chengbin Guo ShanyunWu Daniel T.Baptista-Hon Man Miao LamWai Ming Yong Wu Fanxin Zeng Charlotte L.Zhang Edward D.Zhang Haifeng Song Jianghai Liu johnson yiu-nam lau Andy P.Xiang Kang Zhang Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510620China University Hospital and Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 030027China Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China Department of Clinical Research Center Dazhou Central HospitalDazhou 635099China Department of Bioinformatics and AI Bioland LaboratoryGuangzhou 510000China ABLINK Biotech Co. Chengdu 610000China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong 610051China Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringMinistry of EducationSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China

To assess the impact of the key non-synonymous amino acid substitutions in the RBD of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.617.1(dominant variant identified in the current India outbreak)on the infectivity and neutralization activities of the immune sera,L452R and E484Q(L452R-E484Q variant),pseudotyped virus was constructed(with the D614G background).The impact on binding with the neutralizing antibodies was also assessed with an ELISA *** virus carrying a L452R-E484Q variant showed a comparable infectivity compared with ***,there was a significant reduction in the neutralization activity of the immune sera from non-human primates vaccinated with a recombinant receptor binding domain(RBD)protein,convalescent patients,and healthy vaccinees vaccinated with anmRNA *** addition,there was a reduction in binding of L452R-E484Q-D614G protein to the antibodies of theimmune sera fromvaccinated nonhuman *** results highlight the interplay between infectivity and other biologic factors involved in the natural evolution of *** neutralization activities against the L452R-E484Q variant will have an impact on health authority planning and implications for the vaccination strategy/newvaccine development.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 B.1.617.1 L452R E484Q infectivity immune neutralization

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