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Metabolic Engineering of Plant-derived (E)-β-farnesene Synthase Genes for a Novel Type of Aphid-resistant Genetically Modified Crop Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第5期54卷 282-299页

作者： Xiu-Dao Yu John Pickett You-Zhi Ma Toby Bruce johnathan napier Huw D.Jones Lan-Qin Xia Institute of Crop Sciences(ICS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK

Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crop plants each year. Excessive dependence on insec- ticides for long-term aphid control is undesirable because of the development of insecticide resistance, the potential negative effects on non-target organisms and environmental pollution. Transgenic crops engineered for resistance to aphids via a non-toxic mode of action could be an efficient alternative strategy. （E）-β-Farnesene （EβF） synthases catalyze the formation of EβF, which for many pest aphids is the main component of the alarm pheromone involved in the chemical communication within these species. EβF can also be synthesized by certain plants but is then normally contaminated with inhibitory compounds. Engineering of crop plants capable ofsynthesizing and emitting EβF could cause repulsion of aphids and also the attraction of natural enemies that use EβF as a foraging cue, thus minimizing aphid infestation. In this review, the effects of aphids on host plants, plants＇ defenses against aphid herbivory and the recruitment of natural enemies for aphid control in an agricultural setting are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the plant-derived EβF synthase genes cloned to date along with their potential roles in generating novel aphid resistance via genetically modified approaches are discussed.

关键词： Aphids (E)-β-farnesene sythase genetic-modified crops terpenoid.

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Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： Jozef I Nissimov Mark Jones johnathan a napier Colin B Munn Susan A Kimmance Michael J Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the major capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the majority of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Major capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase Functional biodiversity

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