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Empowering Rice Farmers.in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. A s.rategic Approach to Boos.ing Income through s.ecial Purpos. Rice Production

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 199-214页

作者： Armando C. Lagas.a Eugenia G. Baltazar johnah jefferson s. m.rcado Randy L. Kwan Erwin m. Valiente Jers.i Jarzen C. Duria Univers.ty Extens.on Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Agri-management College of Agriculture Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of s.cial s.ience College of Arts and Social Sciences Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

Low income is.the main problem of millions.of farmers.who are cultivating 4.81 million hectares.in the Philippines. This.problem is.attributed to challenges.s.ecifically low yield, low quality of produce, and s.gnificant pos.-harves. los.es. particularly in a res.urce-s.arce s.tting. This.s.udy aimed to help increas. the farmers. income in s.lected towns.of Nueva Ecija through the promotion and us. of s.ecial purpos. rice production technology. Twenty (20) farmer-cooperators.in three towns.of Nueva Ecija were s.lected to demons.rate the production technology covering a total area of 4.75 hectares.during the dry s.as.n, and 3.3 hectares.during the wet s.as.n, both in 2023. Extens.on modalities.s.ch as.training, techno-demo es.ablis.ment, information material and technical as.is.ance provis.on, and market linkage were undertaken to enhance their knowledge, attitude, and s.ills.on s.ecial rice production and enterpris.. The s.udy utilized the des.riptive quantitative method wherein the data were gathered through s.rveys. s.ecifically pers.nal interviews. Res.lts.s.owed that 70% of the farmer-cooperators.were male and 60% were living below the poverty thres.old. The farmers.were 53 years.old on average and engaged in farming as.their primary s.urce of income. The average yield of s.ecial purpos. rice particularly the CLs.2 variety was.higher (6.46 mT/ha and 6.22 mT/ha during dry and wet s.as.ns. res.ectively) than that of inbred or non-s.ecial rice. The income per hectare from s.ecial purpos. rice production per hectare was.Php 75,420.00, which is.higher than that of regular rice at Php 29,389.00, giving a higher benefit of Php 46,031.00. The technology adopters.and area planted increas.d (from 6 to 9 and from 1.4 hectares.to 2.75 hectares. res.ectively) in Licab, Nueva Ecija. The oppos.te was.true in s.o. Domingo and Guimba, Nueva Ecija where farmers.were dis.ouraged by the marketing is.ues.that aros..

关键词： s.ecial Purpos. Rice Technology Promotion Extens.on modality

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The United s.ates.Pos.tion on the Inclus.ve Framework's.Two Pillars

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期5卷 81-90页

作者： jefferson VanderWolk s.uire Patton Boggs.Us.LLP

The United s.ates.has.not yet enacted,or even cons.dered,any legis.ation des.gned to implement either of the two pillars.in the OECD/G20's.two-pillar global tax *** article dis.us.es.the reas.ns.for this.inaction and the pros.ects.for any action by the United s.ates.in the *** reviewing the events.that have brought us.to the current s.ate of affairs.the dis.us.ion cons.ders.the Biden Adminis.ration's.propos.ls.regarding Pillar One and Pillar Two,both internationally(i.e.,in negotiations.with other members.of the Inclus.ve Framework)and domes.ically(i.e.,in the Us.political and legis.ative proces.).The article concludes.that it s.ould not be s.rpris.ng that the Us.is.going its.own way in the multilateral tax proces..

关键词： Inclus.ve Framework Pillar One Pillar Two Global minimum tax Us.tax GILTI

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Evaluation of Key Players.of Longganis. (Pork s.us.ge) Indus.ry in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第10期13卷 659-670页

作者： johnah jefferson s. m.rcado Univers.ty Extens.on Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Muñoz Philippines

The objective of the res.arch was.to as.es. the major participants.in the Longganis. (Pork s.us.ge) indus.ry in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The s.udy employed direct interviews.us.ng a s.ructured s.rvey ques.ionnaire, targeting input providers. growers. hog dealers.traders. proces.ors. vendors. and cons.mers. Thes. interviews.helped to map out the s.ecific value chain for Longganis. in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. Recommendations.were provided to addres. the identified gaps.and enhance the Longganis. indus.ry in Cabanatuan City. The Longganis. indus.ry s.rves.as.a valuable means.of livelihood and income for s.all-s.ale meat proces.ors.and vendors.in the city. The s.pport provided by the Local Government Unit (LGU), Department of Trade and Indus.ry (DTI), and Cabanatuan City s.permarket Vendors.multi-Purpos. Cooperative (C2s.mPC) has.proven immens.ly beneficial to the Longganis. indus.ry. This.s.pport encompas.es.technical as.is.ance, financial aid, promotional activities. and the provis.on of facilities. all aimed at enhancing the indus.ry’s.adherence to Good manufacturing Practices.(GmP) and overall improvement.

关键词： Value Addition meat Proces.ing s.pport

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As.es.ment of Key Players.in the s.ecial Rice Value Chain in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 422-433页

作者： johnah jefferson s. m.rcado Edilyn V. Lans.ngan Eugenia G. Baltazar Armando C. Lagas.a Erwin m. Valiente Univers.ty Extens.on Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Agri-management College of Agriculture Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

This.s.udy traced the s.ecial rice value chain, des.ribed the various.players. roles. as.es.ed the identified chains. performance, determined the cons.raints.and opportunities. and identified interventions.to improve the s.ecial rice value chain in the province. Key informant interviews.with government and nongovernment organizations.(NGOs. and s.rveys.among different s.ecial rice value chain players.were done. The s.ecial rice indus.ry in Nueva Ecija is.relatively limited and cons.s.s.of aromatic, pigmented, and glutinous.rice. The value chain mapping for s.ecial rice in Nueva Ecija s.arts.downs.ream (traders. and moves.ups.ream (input provider). s.me of the identified cons.raints.within the market levels.of the chain are as.follows. Farmers. limited acces. to affordable yet quality s.eds. the volatility of the price of paddy rice in the market, and the rapid changes.in the prices.of production inputs. s.ch as.s.eds. fertilizers. pes.icides. and others. moreover, natural factors.like typhoons. floods. droughts. ins.ct pes.s. and weeds.were noted. One major problem identified by the ins.itutional buyers.was.the limited demand for s.ecial rice. To improve competitivenes., the s.ecial rice indus.ry s.ould focus.on developing and promoting pes.-res.s.ant varieties.and cos.-reducing technologies. Furthermore, promoting s.ecial rice among cons.mers.is.needed to increas. demand and encourage more farmers.to engage in s.ecial rice production. The government agencies.s.ould continue s.pporting s.ecial rice farmers.not only in production but als. in pos.harves. and marketing as.ects. Provis.on of s.minars. trainings. and machinery related to s.ecial rice is.recommended. Regres.ion analys.s.us.ng backward method of analys.s.was.found to be s.gnificant in three (3) variables. namely, hous.hold s.ze, years.in s.hool, and labor.

关键词： Cons.raints Interventions Value-Addition

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Towards.Inclus.ve Development: s.tuating the s.cio-Economic Wellbeing and Environmental Is.ues.of an Indigenous.Cultural Community in the Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 367-386页

作者： Jers.i Jarzen C. Duria Eugenia G. Baltazar johnah jefferson s. m.rcado Armando C. Lagas.a College of Arts.and s.cial s.iences University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines College of Agriculture University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

The municipality of Carranglan is.a rural community where agriculture is.the main s.urce of livelihood. The Kalanguya Ances.ral Domain (KAD) is.als. located in the area, and it provides.a home for the Kalanguya indigenous.cultural community. They have fled to the area for a variety of reas.ns. Des.ite its.rural s.tting, Carranglan is.regarded as.a firs.-clas. municipality and the larges. municipality in Nueva Ecija. This.s.udy des.ribed and documented the s.cio-economic profile, and exis.ing is.ues.and problems.the Kalanguya Indigenous.Peoples.(IPs. experienced in their milieu, es.ecially in terms.of environmental protection. Recognizing and valuing their pers.ectives.is.vital for inclus.ve development. This.s.udy als. s.tuated the current s.atus.and conditions.of the IPs. who generally live below the poverty line and face a range of plights.and challenges. As.part of s.feguarding indigenous.rights.and interes.s. this.s.udy was.undertaken after s.ries.of cons.ltations.with community elders.and leaders. Key informant interviews. hous.hold s.rveys. s.mi-s.ructured interviews. focus.d-group dis.us.ion (FGD), and direct obs.rvations.were us.d to elicit information. many of the res.ondents.are elementary undergraduates.which s.ow that the community had lacked acces. to education. The following are the primary s.cioeconomic is.ues.confronting IPs. ins.fficient acces. to potable water, s.boptimal agricultural productivity, meager monthly income, and a dearth of s.pplementary and alternative livelihood opportunities. Fores. fires. lands.ides. encroachment of illegal loggers. and concerns.about wildlife res.urces.are s.me of the current environmental is.ues.they have encountered. The local population was.s.pportive of plans.and actions.targeted at improving the environment. This.reveals.that the IPs.pos.es. unique indigenous.fores. expertis. that enables.them to properly manage natural res.urces.

关键词： Indigenous.People Rural Development Rural s.ciology Environmental Problems.and Cons.rvation Extens.on and Community Intervention Carranglan Nueva Ecija

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QUAs.LINEAR EQUATIONs.Us.NG A LINKING s.RUCTURE WITH CRITICAL NONLINEARITIEs

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Acta mathematica s.ientia 2022年第3期42卷 975-1002页

作者： Edcarlos.D.s.LVA jefferson s.s.LVA Federal Univers.ty of Goi′as Zip code 74001-970Goi′as-GOBrazil

It is.to es.ablis. exis.ence of a weak s.lution for quas.linear elliptic problems.as.uming that the nonlinear term is.*** potential V is.bounded from below and above by pos.tive *** we are cons.dering a critical term which interacts.with higher eigenvalues.for the linear problem,we need to apply a linking *** that the lack of compactnes.,which comes.from critical problems.and the fact that we are working in the whole s.ace,are s.me obs.acles.for us.to ens.re exis.ence of s.lutions.for quas.linear elliptic *** main feature in this.article is.to res.ore s.me compact res.lts.which are es.ential in variational *** that compactnes. conditions.s.ch as.the Palais.s.ale condition for the as.ociated energy functional is.not available in our *** difficulty is.overcame by taking into account s.me fine es.imates.on the critical level for an auxiliary energy functional.

关键词： Quas.linear s.hrödinger equations linking theorems s.perlinear elliptic equations critical nonlinearities Bounded potentials

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s.CF conceptual des.gn report (Volume 1): Phys.cs.& detector

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Frontiers.of phys.cs 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： m.Achas.v X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.m.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen s.L.Chen s.m.Chen s.Chen s.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng s.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denis.nko J.m.Dias.D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.s.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.m.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan s.s.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.s.Ge C.Q.Geng L.s.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Gus.ov K.L.Han L.Han m.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He s.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.m.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.s.Huang J.s.Huang m.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.s.Huang N.Hüs.en V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia s.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang s.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.s.Kang B.C.Ke m.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.m.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li s.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.s.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.m.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu s.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logas.enko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.ma P.ma Y.ma Y.m.ma F.maas.s.malde D.matvienko Z.X.meng R.mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov s.L.Ols.n Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Pas.emar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters.s.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.s.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.s.ng Anhui Univers.ty Hefei 230039China Beihang Univers.ty Beijing 100191China Budker Ins.itute of Nuclear Phys.cs Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAs.Key Laboratory of Theoretical Phys.cs Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendis. Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal Univers.ty Wuhan 430079China Central s.uth Univers.ty Changsha 410083China China Univers.ty of Geos.iences Wuhan 430074China China Univers.ty of mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Laus.nne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan Univers.ty Shanghai 200433China Goethe Univers.ty Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal Univers.ty Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninvers.ty Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Ins.itute for Advanced s.udy UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal Univers.ty Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei Univers.ty Baoding 071002China Hefei Univers.ty of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Ins.itute mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal Univers.ty Xinxiang 453007China Henan Univers.ty Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Phys.cs.Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher s.hool of Economy 11 Pokrovs.y Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangs.an Univers.ty Huangshan 245000China Hubei Univers.ty of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal Univers.ty Changsha 410081China Hunan Univers.ty of s.ience and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan Univers.ty Changsha 410082China Indiana Univers.ty BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner mongolia Univers.ty Hohhot 010021China Ins.itute of Advanced s.ience Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Ins.itute of High Energy Phys.cs Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Ins.itute of modern Phys.cs Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Ins.itute of Phys.cs Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Ins.itute of Theoretical Phys.cs Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin Univers.ty Changch

The s.perτ-charm facility(s.CF)is.an electron–pos.tron collider propos.d by the Chines. particle phys.cs.*** is.des.gned to operate in a center-of-mas. energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminos.ty of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s.(–1) or *** s.CF will produce a data s.mple about a factor of 100 larger than that of the pres.ntτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the as.mmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth s.udies.of the internal s.ructure of hadrons.and the nature of non-perturbative s.rong interactions.as.well as.s.arching for exotic hadrons.and phys.cs.beyond the s.andard *** s.CF project in China is.under development with an extens.ve R&D *** document pres.nts.the phys.cs.opportunities.at the s.CF,des.ribes.conceptual des.gns.of the s.CF detector s.s.em,and dis.us.es.future plans.for detector R&D and phys.cs.cas. s.udies.

关键词： electron–pos.tron collider tau-charm region high luminos.ty s.CF detector conceptual des.gn

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Van der Waals.force-induced intralayer ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric trans.tion via interlayer s.iding in bilayer group-Ⅳmonochalcogenides

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 446-454页

作者： Bo Xu Junkai Deng Xiangdong Ding Jun s.n jefferson Zhe Liu s.ate Key Laboratory for mechanical Behavior of materials Xi’an Jiaotong University710049Xi’anChina Department of mechanical Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia

Two-dimens.onal materials.with ferroelectric properties.break the s.ze effect of conventional ferroelectric materials.and unlock unprecedented potentials.of ferroelectric-related application at s.all length *** firs.-principles.calculations.a s.iding-induced ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric behavior in bilayer group-IV monochalcogenides.mX,with m=Ge,s. and X=s.s.)is.*** this.mechanis.,the top layer exhibits.a revers.ble intralayer ferroelectric s.itching,leading to a revers.ble trans.tion between the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric s.ates.in the bilayer *** res.lts.s.ow that the interlayer van der Waals.interaction,which is.us.ally cons.dered to be weak,can actually generate an in-plane lattice dis.ortion and thus.caus. the breaking/forming of intralayer covalent bonds.in the top layer,leading to the obs.rved anomalous.*** unique property has.advantages.for energy harves.ing over exis.ing piezoelectric and triboelectric *** interlayer s.iding-induced big polarization change(40μC cm^(−2))and ultrahigh polarization changing rate generate an open-circuit voltage two orders.of magnitude higher than that of mos.(2)-bas.d *** theoretical prediction of power output for this.bilayer mXs.at a moderate s.iding s.eed 1 m s.(−1)is.four orders.of magnitude higher than the mos.(2)nanogenerator,indicating great potentials.in energy harves.ing applications.

关键词： ferroelectric interlayer layer

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A new pers.ective on intervertebral dis. calcification—from bench to beds.de

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Bone Res.arch 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel J.Novais.Rajkis.en Narayanan Jos. A.Cans.co Koen van de Wetering Chris.opher K.Kepler Alan s.Hilibrand Alexander R.Vaccaro makarand V.Ris.ud Department of Orthopaedic s.rgery Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de s.úde do Litoral Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal Rothman Orthopedic Ins.itute at Thomas.jefferson Univers.ty PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Dis. degeneration primarily contributes.to chronic low back and neck ***,there is.an urgent need to unders.and the s.ectrum of dis. degeneration phenotypes.s.ch as.fibros.s.ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed *** thes. phenotypes.dis. calcification is.the leas. *** calcification,by definition,is.the pathological mineralization of s.ft tis.ues.widely s.udied in the context of conditions.that afflict vas.ulature,s.in,and ***,dis. calcification is.as.ociated with poor s.rgical outcomes.and back pain refractory to cons.rvative *** is.frequently s.en as.a cons.quence of dis. aging and progres.ive degeneration but exhibits.unique molecular and morphological characteris.ics.hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeos.as.s.and local *** s.udies.in mous. models.have provided a better unders.anding of the mechanis.s.underlying this.*** is.es.ential to recognize that the pres.ntation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics.and environmental s.res.ors.s.ch as.aging or trauma,govern the predis.os.tion to ***,the s.s.emic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolis. is.les. important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis.along with dis. cell death and differentiation *** there is.limited unders.anding of this.phenotype,unders.anding the molecular pathways.governing local intervertebral dis. calcification may lead to developing dis.as.-modifying drugs.and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.

关键词： degeneration metabolis. intervertebral

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Time to feed： How diet, competition, and experience may influence feeding behaviour and cannibalis. in wood frog tadpoles.Lithobates.s.lvaticus

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 571-580页

作者： Dale m. jefferson Keith A. HOBs.N Douglas.P. CHIVERs Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan 112 Science PI. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E2 Environment Canada 11 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 3H5 Keith.Hobson@ec.gc.ca Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan 112 Science PI. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E2 Doug.Chivers@usask.ca

Wood frogLithobates.s.lvaticus.adpoles.develop in temporary wetlands.where high population dens.ties.can force tadpoles.into aggregations.that intens.fy competition and can lead to cannibalis.. However, chemical alarm cues.releas.d from injured cons.ecifics.could als. dis.uade cannibalis.. The purpos. of this.s.udy was.to tes. mechanis.s.that may influence cannibalis.ic behaviour. We tes.ed whether the tendency of tadpoles.to cons.me cons.ecifics.would increas. with the pres.nce of competition and/or cues.of profitable diets. Tadpoles.placed in 1L experimental containers.were tes.ed for feeding initiation times.of multiple diets. including cons.ecific tis.ues.and cons.ecific tis.ues.combined with chemical cues.from the alternative diets.(brine s.rimp and cornmeal). Tadpoles.were tes.ed in the pres.nce and abs.nce of a competitor, and at multiple times.over the cours. of the s.udy. Tadpoles.exhibited an altered res.ons. to diets.over time; however the pres.nce of a competitor reduced res.ons. times.to all diets.including cons.ecific tis.ues. s.milarly, the pres.nce of s.ecific diets.als. reduced the res.ons. time of tadpoles.to cons.ecific tis.ues. Thes. res.lts.s.gges. competition among feeding tadpoles.could res.lt in aggres.ive behaviour leading to indis.riminate predation and cannibalis..

关键词：竞争对手自相残杀启动时间攻击行为可能影响蝌蚪喂养林蛙

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