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Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Carbapenamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Children in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Advances in microbiology 2024年第7期14卷 351-365页

作者： Rachael Wangeci Waithaka janet Kerubo maranga Celestine Khalechi makobe Department of microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Gertrudes Childrens Hospital Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections (UTI) have developed resistance to the commonly used antibiotics due to emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae which are a public health problem worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characterize ESBLs and carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae. method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi. 238 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary symptoms attending the outpatient department within the period 2020-2021. The urine were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using VITEK® 2 Compact system (Biomérieux). Double disc synergy test and modified hodge tests were done as confirmatory tests for ESBLs and Carbapenamase phenotypes respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for the detection of blaCTX-m, blaTEm, blaSHV, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 genes. Results: From the 238 children sampled the prevalence of UTI caused by Enterobactericeae was 22.3%. The Enterobacteriaceae species isolated were Escherichia coli (84.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.66%), Proteus mirabillis (5.66%), Enterobacter aerogenes (1.89%) and morganella morganii (1.89%). The isolated species were resistant to ampicillin. meropenem had the highest susceptibility. Only E. coli species had the ESBLs (26.4%) and carbapenamase (1.9%) phenotypes. 100% had BlaCTX-m while 50% had blaTEm resistant gene. There was a significant association (p Conclusion: Ampicillin resistance resulted to use of alternative drugs and meropenem was the drug of choice where increased resistance to the recommended drugs was noted. Further research on resistant genes is recommended.

关键词： Enterobactericeae Urinary Tract Infection Prevalence Beta Lactamases Polymerase Chain Reaction Children Outpatient Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes Escherichia coli

Towards high strength cast mg-RE based alloys:Phase diagrams and strengthening mechanisms

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1401-1427页

作者： janet m.meier Josh Caris Alan A.Luo Department of materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

mg-rare earth(RE)based systems provide several important commercial alloys and many alloy development opportunities for high strength applications,especially in aerospace and defense *** phase diagrams,microstructure,and strengthening mechanisms of these multicomponent systems are very complex and often not well understood in *** have calculated phase diagrams of important binary,ternary,and multicomponent RE-containing alloy systems,using CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams).Based on these phase diagrams,this paper offers a critical overview on phase equilibria and strengthening mechanisms in these alloy systems,including precipitation,long period stacking order(LPSO),and other intermetallic *** review also summarized several promising mg-RE based cast alloys in comparison with commercial WE54 and WE43 alloys;and explored new strategies for future alloy development for high strength *** is pointed out that the combination of precipitation and LPSO phases can lead to superior strength and ductility in mg-RE based cast *** precipitates and LPSO phases can form a complex three-dimensional network that effectively impedes dislocation motion on the basal and non-basal *** LPSO phases can also prevent the coarsening of precipitates when they interact,thus providing good thermal stability at elevated *** research is needed to determine how the combination of these two types of phases can be used in alloy design and industrial scale applications.

关键词： magnesium alloys Phase diagrams Precipitation strengthening Long period stacking order(LPSO) Alloy development CALPHAD

Phase equilibria and microstructure investigation of mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy system

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 746-755页

作者： janet m.meier Jiashi miao Song-mao Liang Jun Zhu Chuan Zhang Josh Caris Alan A.Luo Department of materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA CompuTherm LLC MiddletonWI 53562 USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

In order to develop high strength mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys,key experiments coupled with CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)calculations were carried out in the current work to provide critical understanding of this important alloy *** mg-10 Gd-xY-yZn(x=4 or 5,y=3 or 5,wt.%) were mapped on mg-Gd-Y-Zn phase diagrams for phase equilibria and microstructure *** microscopy was performed for phase identification and phase fraction determination in as-cast and solution treated *** all three alloys,the major phases were mg-matrix and long period stacking order(LPSO) 14 H *** ST at 400 and 500℃,the phase fraction of LPSO 14 H increased,particularly the fine lamellar morphology in the mg *** as-cast and 400℃ mg10 Gd5 Y3 Zn samples had mg(Gd,Y) *** 500℃,mg(Gd,Y) is not stable and transforms into LPSO 14 *** mg 10 Gd5 Y5 Zn alloy included the WPhase,which showed a reduction in phase fraction with solution *** experimental results were used to validate and improve the thermodynamic database of the mg-Gd-Y-Zn *** calculations using the improved database can well describe the available experimental results and make accurate predictions to guide the development of promising high-strength mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys.

关键词： Long period stacking order(LPSO) microstructure magnesium alloys CALPHAD Alloy development.

An Investigation on the Utilization of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device among Women in Kabwe, Central Province

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第12期13卷 1994-2020页

作者： janet mazuba mweempwa Catherine m. Ngoma Department of Public Health Nursing School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of midwifery Women and Child Heath School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long acting reversible contraceptive but its use is low. This study examined factors contributing to the utilization of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) among women in Kabwe Central Province. methodology: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in using simple random sampling method. Data was analysed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Chi-square test was used to test associations among the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. The confidence interval was set at 95% and significant level was at 0.05%. Findings: The study found that 44% of the respondents had high level of knowledge about IUCD. About 28% of the respondents, said that they used IUCD because it maintains menstrual bleeding, 26% said that they used because IUCD it does not cause infections, and 19% said that they used IUCD because it does not migrate to other body parts. majority (81%) of the respondents agreed with a statement that age contributes to underutilization of IUCD. About 77% of the respondents agreed with a statement that marital status contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 75% agreed with a statement that, education level contributes to underutilization of IUCD and was significant. Furthermore, 91% of the respondents agreed with a statement that lack of knowledge about IUCD contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 74% agreed with a statement that religion contributes to underutilization of IUCD. Age (p = 0.003), marital status (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.003), and employment status (p = 0.02), were found to have a significant relationship with the utilization of IUCD. About 36% of the respondents said that knowledge or education affects the utilization of IUCD at a large extent. The study showed a positive relationship between the utilization of IUCD and all explanat

关键词： Utilization Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device Women Contraceptives Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive

Evaluation and comparison of CmIP6 models and mERRA-2 reanalysis AOD against Satellite observations from 2000 to 2014 over China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 165-185页

作者： md.Arfan Ali muhammad Bilal Yu Wang Zhongfeng Qiu janet E.Nichol Gerrit de Leeuw Song Ke Alaa m.hawish mansour Almazroui Usman mazhar Birhanu Asmerom Habtemicheal m.Nazrul Islam Lab of Environmental Remote Sensing(LERS) School of Marine SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography School of Global StudiesUniversity of SussexBrighton BN19RHUK Royal Netherlands meteorological Institute(KNmI) R&D Satellite Observations3730AE De BiltThe Netherlands School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences(AirCAS)No.20 Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouJiangsu 221116China Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210018China Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research/Department of meteorology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Climatic Research Unit School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Physics Wollo UniversityDessie P.O.Box 1145Ethiopia

Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in *** of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in *** do this,AOD(550 nm)values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled model Intercomparison Project(CImP6),the second version of modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research,and Applications(mERRA-2),and the moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(mODIS;flying on the Terra satellite)combined Dark Target and Deep Blue(DTB)aerosol *** used the TerramODIS DTB AOD(hereafter mODIS DTB AOD)as a standard to evaluate CmIP6 Ensemble AOD(hereafter CmIP6 AOD)and mERRA-2 reanalysis AOD(hereafter mERRA-2 AOD).Results show better correlations and smaller errors between mERRA-2 and mODIS DTB AOD,than between CmIP6 and mODIS DTB AOD,in most regions of China,at both annual and seasonal ***,significant under-and over-estimations in the mERRA-2 and CmIP6 AOD were also observed relative to mODIS DTB *** long-term(2000-2014)mODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain(0.71)followed by Central China(0.69),Yangtse River Delta(0.67),Sichuan Basin(0.64),and Pearl River Delta(0.54)*** lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau(0.13±0.01)followed by Qinghai(0.19±0.03)and the Gobi Desert(0.21±0.03).Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources(the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts)may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer,autumn,and *** were also calculated for 2000-2005,for2006-2010(when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11 th Five Year Plan or FYP),and for 2011-2014(during the 12 th FYP).An increasing trend in mODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during *** uncontrolled industrialization,urbanization,and rapid eco

关键词： Aerosol Optical Depth Air pollution mERRA-2 mODIS Air quality

The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 169-179页

作者： Jon Hazeldine Peter Hampson janet m.Lord NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK Healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152WBUK

As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients,the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly *** on the idea that patients who experience"poor"outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience"good"outcome,tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific *** use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics,proteomics and metabolomics,numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse *** results are encouraging,with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with"good"outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections,sepsis and multiple organ failure,with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post *** particular,genomic data is proving to be highly informative,identifying patients at risk of"poor"outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring ***,focussing predominantly upon human-based research,we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic,protein and metabolite level,and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.

关键词： Burns Cytokines Genomics Inflammation mortality Sepsis Trauma

materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE)

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第4期51卷 467-480页

作者： janet G DOUGLAS Department of Conservation and Scientific Research Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution

Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE) from the Xi’an area in Shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the Arthur m. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were pro- duced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing.

关键词： jade nephrite stone China Western Zhou scanning electron microscopy materials technology tool marks

Sexual selection and hermaphroditic organisms： Testing theory

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 579-588页

作者： janet L. LEONARD Joseph m. Long marine Laboratory University of California-Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 94019 USA

Sexual selection is widespread if not ubiquitous in hermaphroditic organisms. Although many phenomena that have been described as sexual selection in gonochores, (e.g. harem polygamy, multiple mating, elaborate courtship, even secondary sexual characters) can be found in some hermaphrodites, what is more interesting is the ways in which sexual selection in hermaphrodites may differ from dioecious taxa. In hermaphrodites, an individual’s mating success includes its success from both sexual roles. Secondly, in many simultaneously hermaphroditic taxa there is strong evidence of sexual selection and yet the operational sex ratio is 1:1, by definition. many simultaneous hermaphrodites have elaborate courtship and genital anatomy, suggesting sexual selection plays an important role in reproductive success. Sperm competition and cryptic female choice mean that the number of mates acquired is not necessarily a predictor of reproductive success. Even in simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal mating, variance in reproductive success through the male role and through the female role may differ in a population. moreover hermaphrodites may choose to emphasize one sexual role over the other. Data suggest that the preferred role varies in hermaphrodites, which creates an opportunity to test fundamental predictions and assumptions of sexual selection theory. Hermaphrodites may vary their emphasis on one sexual role over the other either developmentally or behaviorally in response to environmental or social parameters. How they use this capability in acquiring more or higher quality mates still requires study.

关键词：雌雄同体测试理论生物女性角色第二性征雌雄异株选择理论生殖器

High-dose infliximab for treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis:A survey of clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1229-1234页

作者： Roy Nattiv janet m Wojcicki Elizabeth A Garnett Neera Gupta melvin B Heyman Department of Pediatrics UCSF Benioff Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143-0136United States

AIm:To assess attitudes and trends regarding the use of high-dose infliximab among pediatric gastroenterologists for treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis(UC).mETHODS:A 19-item survey was distributed to subscribers of the pediatric gastroenterology(PEDSGI) *** were submitted anonymously and results compiled in a secure ***:A total of 113 subscribers(88% based in the United States) responded(101 pediatric gastroenterology attendings and 12 pediatric gastroenterology fellows).There were 46% in academic medical institutions and 39% in hospital-based *** majority(91%) were treating >10 patients with UC;13% were treating >100 patients with UC;91% had prescribed infliximab(IFX) 5 mg/kg for UC;72% had prescribed IFX 10 mg/kg for *** a 5-point Likert scale,factors that influenced the decision not to increase IFX dosing in patients with UC included:"improvement on initial dose of IFX"(mean:3.88) and "decision to move to colectomy"(3.69).Lowest mean Likert scores were:"lack of guidelines or literature regarding increased IFX dosing"(1.96) and "insurance authorization or other insurance issues"(2.34)."Insurance authorization or other insurance issues" was identified by 39% as at least somewhat of a factor(Likert score ≥ 3) in their decision not to increase the IFX *** 10 mg/kg was more commonly used for the treatment of pediatric UC among responders based in the United States(75/100) compared to non-United States responders(6/13,P = 0.047).Induction of remission was reported by 78% of all responders and 81% reported maintenance of remission with IFX 10 mg/*** responder reported one death with IFX 10 mg/***:IFX 10 mg/kg is more commonly used in the United States to treat pediatric *** and safety data are required to avoid insurance barriers for its use.

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎高剂量临床实践小儿治疗单抗