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Quality Assurance in Toxicology Studies in Developing Countries

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第1期2卷 44-47页

作者： CARL R.morris International Chemical Consultants 4600 Pinecrest Office Park Drive Alexandria Virginia 22312

As developing countries become more involved in the international chemical trade, they must adhere to certain requirements for importation of their chemicals into foreign countries. These developing countries will be required to provide basic safety information on their chemical products, including data developed from chemical and toxicologic testing. These data must be developed in accordance with the national requirements of the importing country. Many importing countries have adopted the OECD Test Guidelines and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) as primary guidance to assure the quality of laboratory data. These procedures provide a basis for internationally acceptable data. Several countries have incorporated many of these provisions into their national laws or administrative procedures. These procedures describe the process of documenting the conduct of laboratory studies, including recording of data, reporting of study results, and storage of data gathered. This process is intended to assure the quality and integrity of the data so that, if required, the study can be reconstructed by an auditor or an inspector. Details of these procedures and their applicability to the international chemical trade are discussed. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： As Co Quality Assurance in Toxicology Studies in Developing Countries

Effects of Inertia and Viscosity on Single Droplet Deformation in Confined Shear Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 706-724页

作者： Samaneh Farokhirad Taehun Lee Jeffrey F.morris Department of Mechanical Engineering City College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York 10031USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Levich Institute City College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York 10031USA

Lattice Boltzmann simulations based on the Cahn-Hilliard diffuse interface approach are performed for droplet dynamics in viscous fluid under shear flow,where the degree of confinement between two parallel walls can play an important *** effects of viscosity ratio,capillary number,Reynolds number,and confinement ratio on droplet deformation and break-up in moderately and highly confined shear flows are investigated.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann method droplet deformation confinement

Long-term landscape changes in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in central Utah, USA

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 83-94页

作者： Jesse L.morris R.Justin DeRose Andrea R.Brunelle Department of Forest Rangeland and Fire Sciences College of Natural Resources University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis Rocky Mountain Research Station Ogden UT 84401 USA. Department of Geography University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Background： In Western North America, increasing wildfire and outbreaks of native bark beetles have been mediated by warming climate conditions. Bioclimatic models forecast the loss of key high elevation species throughout the region. This study uses retrospective vegetation and fire history data to reconstruct the drivers of past disturbance and environmental change. Understanding the relationship among climate, antecedent disturbances, and the legacy effects of settlement-era logging can help identify the patterns and processes that create landscapes susceptible to bark beetle epidemics. Methods： Our analysis uses data from lake sediment cores, stand inventories, and historical records. Sediment cores were dated with radiometric techniques （14C and 210pb/137Cs） and subsampled for pollen and charcoal to maximize the temporal resolution during the historical period （1800 CE to present） and to provide environmental baseline data （last 10,500 years）. Pollen data for spruce were calibrated to carbon biomass （C t/ha） using standard allometric equations and a transfer function. Charcoal samples were analyzed with statistical models to facilitate peak detection and determine fire recurrence intervals. Results： The Wasatch Plateau has been dominated by Engelmann spruce forests for the last ～10,500 years, with subalpine fir becoming more prominent since 6000 years ago. This landscape has experienced a dynamic fire regime, where burning events are more frequent and of higher magnitude during the last 3000 years. Two important disturbances have impacted Engelmann spruce in the historical period： 1） high-grade logging during the late 19th century; and （2） a high severity spruce beetle outbreak in the late 20th century that killed 〉90 % of mature spruce （〉10 cm dbh）. Conclusions： Our study shows that spruce-dominated forests in this region are resilient to a range of climate and disturbance regimes. Several lines of evidence suggest that 19th century logging promoted a legacy o

关键词： Spruce beetle Climate change Dendroctonus Engelmann spruce Logging Western North America Wildfire

Analysis of a Mesoscale Convective System that Produced a Single Sprite

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第2期34卷 258-271页

作者： Jing YANG Gaopeng LU Ningyu LIU Haihua CU Yu WANG morris COHEN Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Geospace Physics Laboratory Physics and Space Sciences DepartmentFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Hebei Province meteorological Bureau Shijiazhuang 050000China State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Sprites are brief optical emissions occurring above thunderstorms. Features of sprites and their parent thunderstorms and lightning activities have been studied by many researchers. Here, we report a single sprite recorded over a mesoscale convective system during its life cycle in Northeast China. The results show that the sprite might have been a dancing one, with a 20 km horizontal displacement from its parent cloud-to-ground flash （CG） and a 38 ms time delay; all the sprite elements occurred during the continuing current process of the parent flash. The peak current of the parent CG was the largest during the almost one-hour time window containing the sprite, and the absolute values of all the negative flashes were smaller than 100 kA during the same time period and did not produce sprite. The sprite did not occur during the time period in which the maximum area of the thunderstorm reached. The occurrence of sprite corresponded well with the decay of the thunderstorm convection, and no significant relationship between the occurrence of sprite and the increase in the 30-35 dBZ and 35-40 dBZ interval was found. The large wind gradient in the 8-12 km region of the thunderstorm may have played an important role in the sprite production.

关键词： sprite mesoscale convective system Doppler radar lightning magnetic field

Neutropenia in colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: An observational cohort study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第5期12卷 549-558页

作者： Peter H Cashin Lana Ghanipour Malin Enblad David L morris Department of Surgical Sciences Section of SurgeryUppsala UniversityAkademiska SjukhusetUppsala 75185Sweden Department of Surgery University of New South WalesSydney 2217New South WalesAustralia

BACKGROUND The implications of neutropenia after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)treatment have never been *** To evaluate the occurrence of neutropenia and its effect on the risk of increased Clavien-Dindo morbidity as well as its effect on overall or disease-free *** All patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases(1996-2015)completing cytoreductive surgery and oxaliplatin-based HIPEC treatment from a biinstitutional database(Uppsala and Sydney)were included in the ***-Dindo grade 3-4 morbidity differences between the neutropenia group vs nonneutropenia group were calculated and Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank test were *** and multivariable Cox regression models for diseasefree survival were *** Two hundred and forty-six patients were identified–32 postoperative any-grade neutropenia patients and 214 non-neutropenia *** neutropenia group had more combination oxaliplatin+irinotecan treatment than the nonneutropenia group(66%vs 13%,P=0.0001).The neutropenia group was not associated with increased Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 *** overall survival was 53 mo vs 37 mo for the neutropenia and non-neutropenia group,P=*** disease-free survival was 16 mo vs 11 mo,respectively,P=*** was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with hazard ratio:0.58,95%confidence interval:0.36-0.95,P=*** 13%of patients developed neutropenia which was not associated with increased Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 *** was an independent positive prognostic factor for disease-free survival and was associated with more intense HIPEC *** is in direct contrast to the current paradigm of decreasing the treatment intensity.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Peritoneal metastases Cytoreductive surgery Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy Oxaliplatin Neutropenia

CA19-9 antigen levels can distinguish between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第6期8卷 620-626页

作者： Gareth morris-Stiff Mary Teli Nicky Jardine Malcolm CA Puntis Department of Surgery University Hospital of Wales

BACKGROUND:CA19-9 is a carbohydrate tumor-associated antigen which is frequently upregulated in pancreatobiliary ***,it may also be elevated in patients with jaundice in the absence of a tumor due to biliary obstruction,and in other non-hepato-pancreatico-biliary *** study aimed to evaluate whether CA19-9 levels could accurately differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatobiliary ***:All patients referred to a single surgeon for investigation of pancreaticobiliary disease in 2003 in whom a firm diagnosis had been established were *** malignant disease,a histological diagnosis was required but for benign disease a firm radiological diagnosis was deemed *** patients were divided into 4 categories:pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PCa);cholangiocarcinoma(CCa);chronic pancreatitis(CP)and biliary calculous disease(Calc).Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels corresponding to the point of assessment of CA19-9 were also ***:Final diagnoses were made of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PCa,n=73),cholangiocarcinoma(CCa,n=19),ampullary carcinoma(Amp,n=7),neuroendocrine carcinoma(Neu,n=4),duodenal carcinoma(Duo,n=3),chronic pancreatitis(CP,n=115),and biliary calculous disease(Calc,n=27).Median CA19-9 levels(U/ml)were:PCa,653;CCa,408;Duo,403;Calc,27;CP,19;Neu,10.5;Amp,8(reference range:0-37).The CA19-9 levels were significantly greater for malignant than for benign disease,could differentiate PCa from CCa/Duo,and were significantly higher in unresectable than in resectable *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)for CA19-9 were 84.9%,69.7%,67.7%and 86.1%,respectively.A ROC analysis provided an area under the curve for CA19-9 of 0.871(0.820-0.922),giving an optimal CA19-9 of 70.5 U/ml for differentiating benign from malignant *** this cut-off,the sensitivity was 82.1%,while specificity,PPV and NPV improved to 85.9%,81.3%and 86.5%,*** sta

关键词： CA19-9 antigen pancreatic disease biliary tract disease malignant benign

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Salt Marshes in the Intertidal Zone of China during 1985-2019

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 284-298页

作者： Guangwei Chen Runjie Jin Zhanjiang Ye Qi Li Jiali Gu Min Luo Yongming Luo George Christakos James morris Junyu He Dan Li Hengwei Wang Li Song Qiuxuan Wang Jiaping Wu Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Ocean Academy Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Baruch Institute for Marine&Coastal Sciences University of South CarolinaSC 29208USA

This study mapped the areal extent,identified the species composition,and analyzed the changes of salt marshes in the intertidal zone of China during the period 1985–*** the aid of the cloud platform of the Google Earth Engine,we selected Landsat 5/8 and Sentinel-2 images and used the support vector machine classification method to extract salt marsh information for the years of 1985,1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,and *** major species of salt marshes:Phragmites australis,Suaeda spp.,Spartina alterniflora,Scirpus mariqueter,Tamarix chinensis,Cyperus malaccensis,and Sesuvium portulacastrum were *** results showed that salt marshes are mainly distributed in Liaoning,Shandong,Jiangsu,Shanghai,and Zhejiang,with varying patterns of shrinking,expansion,or wavering in different *** distribution of salt marshes has declined considerably from 151,324 ha in 1985 to 115,397 ha in 2019,a drop of 23.7%.During the same period,the area of native species has dropped 95.4%from 77,741 ha to 3,563 ha for Suaeda *** 45.1%from 60,511 ha to 33,193 ha for ***;on the contrary,the area of exotic species,***,has exhibited a sharp rise from just 99 ha to 67,527 *** the past 35 years,the driving factors causing salt marsh changes are mainly land reclamation,variations in water and sand fluxes,and interspecific competition and succession of salt marsh *** results provide fundamental reference information and could form the scientific basis for formulating policies for the conservation and utilization of salt marsh resources in China.

关键词： driving Zone Mapping