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Failure of P-selectin blockade alone to protect the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated blood-perfused rat liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第44期14卷 6808-6816页

作者： Samuel Wyllie Neal r Barshes Saul J Karpen john A Goss Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Liver Transplant Center LaboratoryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States

AIM： To determine if blockade of P-selectin in the isolated blood-perfused cold ex vivo rat liver model protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS： The effect of P-selectin blockade was assessed by employing an isolated blood-perfused cold ex vivo rat liver with or without P-selectin antibody treatment before and after 6 h of cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution. rESULTS： In our isolated blood-perfused rat liver model, pre-treatment with P-selectin antibody failed to protect the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury, as judged by the elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity. In addition, P-selectin antibody treatment did not significantly reduced hepatic polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation after 120 min of perfusion. Histological evaluation of liver sections obtained at 120 min of perfusion showed significant oncotic necrosis in liver sections of both ischemic control and P-selectin antibody-treated groups. However, total bile production after 120 rain of perfusion was significantly greater in P-selectin antibody-treated livers, compared to control livers. No significant difference in P-selectin and ICAM-1 mrNAs and proteins, GSH, GSSG, and nuclear NF-kB was found between control and P-selectin antibody-treated livers. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, we have shown that blockade of P-selectin alone failed to reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in the liver and protect hepatocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated blood-perfused cold-ex vivo rat liver model.

关键词： P-selectin Ischemia-reperfusion Antibody-blockade Liver rat

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome:An update

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 185-192页

作者： r Scott rector john P Thyfault Yongzhong Wei Jamal A Ibdah Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center andDepartments of Nutritional Sciences University of MissouriColumbia MO 65212 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center Universityof Missouri Columbia MO 65212 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center andDepartments of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 United States

Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary choices are leading to a weight gain epidemic in westernized countries, subsequently increasing the risk for developing the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is estimated to affect approximate 30% of the general US population and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. recent findings linking the components of the metabolic syndrome with NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be reviewed; in particular, the role of visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and adipocytokines in the exacerbation of these conditions. While no therapy has been proven effective for treating NAFLD/NASH, common recommendations will be discussed.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic syndrome Insulin resistance Cytokines Inflammation

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The challenge of biomimetic design for carbon-neutral buildings using termite engineering

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 154-162页

作者： john.r.J. French Berhan M. Ahmed (Shiday) Faculty of Science Health and Education University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC QId 4558 Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science The University of Melbourne 500 Yarra Boulevard Richmond Vic 3121 Australia

The main aim of this paper is to present humanity and termites as design partners in the creation of a new dimension of ecosystem understanding. The paper by Turner and Soar, Beyond biomimicry： What termites can tell us about realizing the living building＂（2008） opens up a new era in how we think of human habitations, not only on earth, but perhaps on other planets, and using the termite model as the comer stone of innovative engineering. We know that termites are masters of constructing ＇buildings＇ that meet all nutrition, energy, waste disposal needs, shelter, and food sources for many other animals and insects. We need to emulate the symbiotic abilities of termites to survive over time, for we all live on this symbiotic planet, and symbiosis is natural and common.

关键词： biomimicry ecosystem engineering living building symbiotic termites

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Cellular mechanisms regulating sperm-zona pellucida interaction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 88-96页

作者： Andrew T reid Kate redgrove r john Aitken Brett Nixon reproductive Science Group Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia ArC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle CaUaghan NSW 2308 Australia

For mammalian spermatozoa to exhibit the ability to bind the zona pellucida （ZP） they must undergo three distinct phases of maturation, namely, spermatogenesis （testis）, epididymal maturation （epididymis） and capacitation （female reproductive tract）. An impressive array of spermatozoa surface remodeling events accompany these phases of maturation and appear critical for recognition and adhesion of the outer vestments of the oocyte, a structure known as the ZP. It is becoming increasingly apparent that species-specific zona adhesion is not mediated by a single receptor. Instead, compelling evidence now points toward models implicating a multiplicity of receptor-ligand interactions. This notion is in keeping with emerging research that has shown that there is a dynamic aggregation of proteins believed to be important in sperm-ZP recognition to the regions of sperm that mediate this binding event. Such remodeling may in turn facilitate the assembly of a multimeric zona recognition complex （MZrC）. Though formation of MZrCs raises questions regarding the nature of the block to polyspermy, formation and assembly of such a structure would no doubt explain the strenuous maturation process that sperm endure on their sojourn to functional maturity.

关键词： capacitation fertilization spermatozoa sperm-zona pellucida interaction

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From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry john P.Cunningham Anthony r.Clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

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Glacial-interglacial productivity contrasts along the eastern Arabian Sea:Dominance of convective mixing over upwelling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 913-925页

作者： Kumar Avinash Busnur r.Manjunath P.john Kurian Earth System Science Organization National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean ResearchMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Marine Geology Mangalore University

The western continental margin of India is one of the highly productive regions in the global *** productivity is induced by upwelling and convective mixing during the southwest and northeast monsoons *** the importance of high primary productivity,a sediment core was collected below the current oxygen minimum zone（OMZ） from the southwestern continental margin of *** was dated by AMS radiocarbon and as many as 60 paleoclimate/paceoceanographic proxies,such as particle size,biogenic components,major,trace and rare earth elements（rEEs） which were measured for the first time to determine sources of sediment,biogeochemical processes operating in the water column and their variations since the last glacial cycle.r-mode factor analysis of comprehensive data indicates that the dominant regulator of paleoproductivity is the southwest monsoon wind induced *** paleoproductivity related factors identified are the marine biogenic component and biogenic detritus（as an exported component from the water column added to the bottom sediment）.All paleoproductivity components increased significantly during the marine isotope stage-1（MIS-1）compared to those accumulated from MIS-4 to *** second group of factors identified are the terrigenous sediments with heavy minerals like zircon and *** terrigenous sediment,in particular,increased during MIS-2 when the sea-level was lower;however,the heavy mineral component fluctuated over time implying pulsed inputs of *** diagenetic fraction and reducing component are the third group of factors identified which varied with time with increased accumulation during the MIS *** primary productivity along the southwestern continental margin of India seems to have been controlled principally by the upwelling during the southwest monsoon season that was weaker from MIS-4 to MIS-2,as relative to that during the *** contrast,increased glacial productivity noticed in se

关键词： Paleoproductivity Upwelling Convective mixing Terrigenous sedimentation Western continental margin of India

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Tribo-charging of binary mixtures composed of coarse and fine particles in gas-solid pipe flow

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 101-109页

作者： Haifeng Wang Farzam Fotovat Xiaotao T. Bi john.r. Grace Department of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology. Xuzliou 221166 China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Azadi Avenue P.O. Box 11365-9465 Tehran Iran Fluidization research Centre Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia. Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of adding fines on the tribo-charging of coarse glass beads. Four types of fines, i.e., copper, stainless steel, uncoated and silver-coated fine glass beads, mixed w让h 240-830 μm glass beads were conveyed by air through a stainless-steel spiral pipe acting as a tribo-charger. regardless of the type or electrical conductivity of the fine particles tested, adding small amounts of fines (up to 10wt%) to coarse glass beads resulted in a sharp increase in the mass and surface charge densities of the particles. In gen eral, the profiles of the mass and surface charge den sides of the fine-coarse particle mixtures as a function of the mixture composition were determined by the relative magnitude of contact potential differences and the total surface areas of all the comp on ents. The domi nant particle tri bo-electrification mecha nism switched from coarse particle-wall con tacts to fine particle-wall contacts when the fines weight percentage in the mixture exceeded 10%. A model was developed to predict the mass charge density of bi nary mixtures as a function of the mixture composition.

关键词： Tribo-charging Electrostatics Fine particles Binary mixture Gas-solid flow

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Cognitive Linguistics and the Teaching of Grammar

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四川外语学院学报 2005年第5期21卷 10-17页

作者： john.r. Taylor University of Otago New Zealand

This article introduces some of the main themes in CL, with special focus on the role of constructions and idioms, and the way in which constructions and idioms are motivated. It is argued that a language can, in fact, be regarded as a very large set of idioms and constructions. This view contrasts with the more traditional view, that a language can be analyzed as a dictionary and a grammar . Some conclusions are drawn for foreign language pedagogy, and for the design of learning aids for language students.

关键词：语法教学高等教育英语教学认知语言学

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Global assessment of nitrogen fertilizer:The SCOPE/IGBP Nitrogen Fertilizer rapid Assessment Project

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 759-766页

作者： Arvin r.Mosier J.Keith Syers john.r.Freney Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL 32611USA Mae Fah Luang University Chaiang rai Thailand CSIrO Plant Industry ACT 2601 Australia

Nitrogen (N) availability is a key role in food and fiber production. Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human *** continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems, significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems. There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment. Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment, and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer *** address this important issue, a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer (NFrAP) was conducted by SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) during late 2003 and early 2004. This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI). As part of this assessment, a successful international workshop was held in Kampala, Uganda on 12 -16 January, 2004. This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems, with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the *** of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China. The results of the assessment are presented in a book (SCOPE 65)which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer.

关键词： crop production, environmental quality, nitrate leaching, soil fertility.

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Investigating the Effect of Fatigue on Fracturing resistance of rocks

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第10期6卷 1310-1318页

作者： Nazife Erarslan David john williams Geoteehnical Engineering Centre School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia

There is no doubt that an understanding of brittle rock fracturing is a key element in the solution of many engineering problems that involve rock structures. Some rock structures such as bridge and dam abutments and foundations, and tunnel walls, undergo both static and cyclic loading caused by drilling and blasting, and vehicle-induced vibrations. This type of loading often causes rock to fail at a lower than its static strength due to the effect of rock fatigue. A series of laboratory diametrical compression tests was performed on Brisbane tuff disc specimens to investigate their mode-I fracture toughness response to static and cyclic loading, as a function of the applied load. Both the static and cyclic loading tests were carried out on CCNBD （cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc） rock specimens. In the tests described herein, the reduction in fracture toughness under dynamic cyclic loading was found to be up to 48% of the static fracture toughness. Contrary to the static tests, the cyclic tests produced much more crushed material in front of the tip of the chevron notched crack.

关键词： Fracture toughness rock fatigue CCNBD SEM (scanning electron microscope)

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