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Coactivation Does Not Contribute to Fatigue-Induced Decreases in Isokinetic Forearm Flexion and Extension Torque

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 314-321页

作者： Tyler J.Neltner john Paul v.Anders Robert W.smith Jocelyn E.Arnett Joshua L.Keller Terry J.Housh Richard J.Schmidt Glen O.johnson Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68510USA Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology(iLEAP) Department of HealthKinesiology and SportUniversity of South AlabamaMobileAL 36688USA

Purpose The present study examined the effects of a reciprocal,slow velocity forearm flexion and extension task on fatigue-induced changes in isokinetic torque,agonist and antagonist muscle activation,and coactivation ratios at slow and moderate *** Nine women(mean±SD:age=21.0±1.7 years;body mass=68.1±8.2 kg;height=167.4±7.2 cm)completed pre-testing for forearm flexion and extension isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180°/s,a fatiguing task of 50 maximal,recip-rocal,isokinetic muscle actions at 60°/s,and *** amplitude(AMP)of the electromyographic(EMG)signals from the biceps and triceps were simultaneously *** and EMG AMP were normalized to the corresponding values from the pre-testing peak torque *** measures ANOvAs and pairwise comparisons were used to identify mean changes in torque,EMG AMP,and coactivation *** The torque analyses indicated significant decreases from pre-to post-testing for forearm flexion(14.1%±5.0%;Pvements(24.7%±11.7%;Pvation ratios,there were no changes(P>0.05)from pre-to post-testing for either velocity or *** The torque responses were velocity-specific,with greater fatigability exhibited for forearm extension versus flexion at 60°/s,but no differences at 180°/*** parallel EMG AMP responses between the agonist and antagonist muscles for both velocities supported the lack of fatigue-induced changes in coactivation ***,our results demonstrated that fatigue-induced decreases in torque were not attributable to increases in antagonist activation or coactivation.

关键词： Coactivation Isokinetic Fatigue Forearm flexion Extension

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Influence of drying technique on chemical composition and ruminal degradability of subtropical Cajanus cajan L.

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 95-100页

作者： Lindokuhle S.Buthelezi john F.Mupangwa voster Muchenje Florence v.Nherera-Chokuda University of Fort Hare Department of Livestock and Pasture Science Agricultural Research Council Animal Production Institute

The experiment investigated the influence of forage drying methods on the dry-matter digestibility of foliage from Cajanus cajan varieties(ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 01514 and CIMMYT100/01). These leaves were harvested at week 20 of growth and either oven-or shade-dried and analysed for chemical components and rumen degradability. Three rumen fistulated lactating Holstein cows(430 ± 18 kg live weight) were used to evaluate ruminal degradation kinetics using in vitro and in sacco procedures. Samples were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h in vitro(Ⅳ Daisy^(Ⅱ)) procedure. In the in sacco procedure, samples were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h in the rumen of cows. Dry matter disappearance(DMD)data for both measures were fitted to the equation Y = a + b(1 -e^(-ct)), where b is the slowly degradable fraction and c is the degradation rate constant, to approximate rumen degradability characteristics of varieties. Shade dried leaves contained higher crude protein(CP)(P ven dried leaves. Oven drying method increased(P varieties. However, shade drying method gave the higher concentration of NDIN and ADIN. Drying technique had no effect(P > 0.05) on ash, neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) of varieties. Drying method did not affect(P > 0.05) calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) concentration in the forage dry matter. Drying method had no effect(P > 0.05) on b and c of all varieties during in vitro procedure. However, shade-drying method increased(P varieties during in sacco procedure. It was concluded that shade-drying, in contrast to oven-drying, would be the most suitable method as it improves the nutritive value of the forage for ruminants.

关键词： Forages In vitro In sacco Degradation Drying methods

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Bioartificial liver assist devices in support of patients with liver failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2002年第1期1卷 18-25页

作者： john F.PatzerⅡ Roberto C.Lopez George v.Mazariegos john J.Fung From the Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute

Bioartificial liver assist devices (BALs) offer anopportunity for critical care physicians and transplantsurgeons to stabilize patients prior to orthotopic livertransplantation. Such devices may also act as a bridgeto transplant, providing liver support to patientsawaiting transplant, or as support for patients post liv-ing-related donor transplant. Four BAL devices thatrely on hepatocytes cultured in hollow fiber membranecartridges (Circe Biomedical HepatAssist (r), vitagenELADTM, Gerlach BELS, and Excorp Medical BLSS)are currently in various stages of clinical evalua-tion. Comparison of the four devices shows that severalunique approaches based upon the same overall systemarchitecture are possible. Preliminary results of theExcorp Medical BLSS Phase I safety evaluation at theUniversity of Pittsburgh, after treating four patients(F, 41, acetominophen-induced, two support periods;M, 50, Wilson's disease, one support period; F, 53, a-cute alcoholic hepatitis, two support periods; F, 24,chemotherapy-induced, one support period) are pre-sented. All patients presented with hypoglycemia andtransient hypotension at the start of extracorporealperfusion. Hypoglycemia was treated by Iv dextroseand the transient hypotension responded positively toIv fluid bolus. Heparin anticoagulation was used onlyin the second patient. No serious or adverse eventswere noted in the four patients. Moderate biochemicalresponse to support was noted in all patients. Morecomplete characterization of the safety of the BLSSrequires completion of the Phase I safety evaluation.

关键词： bioartificial liver acute liver failure hepatocytes

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Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands process affected water by mass spectrometry： A review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 497-507页

作者： Kevin A. Kovalchik Matthew S. MacLennan Kerry M. Peru john v. Headley David D.Y. Chen Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division Water Science and Technology Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon SK S7N 3H5 Canada

Naphthenic acids are a complex class of thousands of naturally occurring aliphatic and alicyclic carboxylic acids found in oil sands bitumen and in the wastewater generated from bitumen processing. Dozens of analytical methods have been developed for the semiquantification of total naphthenic acids in water samples. However, different methods can give different results, prompting investigation into the comparability of the many methods. A review of important methodological features for analyzing total naphthenic acids is presented and informs the design of future standard methods for the semi- quantification of total naphthenic acids using mass spectrometry. The design considerations presented are a synthesis of discussions from an Environment and Climate Change Canada （ECCC） led taskforce of 10 laboratory experts from government, industry and academia during April 2016 and subsequent discussions between University of British Columbia and ECCC representatives. Matters considered are： extraction method, solvent, pH, and temperature; analysis instrumentation and resolution; choice of calibration standards; use of surrogate and internal standards; and use of online or offline separation prior to analysis. The design considerations are amenable to both time-of-flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometers.

关键词： total naphthenic acids environmental samples oil sands process affected water polar organics mass spectrometry

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The Impact of Modern Biotechnology on Biocontrol and Medicinal Mushrooms

The Impact of Modern Biotechnology on Biocontrol and Medicin...

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第一届国际生物防治与生物技术研讨会

作者： john E smith Department of Bioscience University of Strathclyde UK

＜正＞Biotechnology can be considered as a group of useful,enabling techniques with wide and diverse application in industry,commerce and the *** is the controlled and deliberate application of simple biological agent...

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Condition Assessment Techniques for Aged Fixed-Type Offshore Platforms Considering Decommissioning:a Historical Review

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2020年第4期19卷 584-614页

作者： Mohamed Mubarak Abdul Wahab v.john Kurian Mohd Shahir Liew Do Kyun Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Administration Department Providence College of EngineeringChengannur 689122India Group of Marine Offshore and Subsea Technology School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea

In this study,the technical papers on structural condition assessment of aged fixed-type offshore platforms reported over the past few decades are *** ancillary related works are also *** numbers of researches are available in the area of requalification for life extension of offshore jacket *** of these studies involve reassessment of existing platforms by means of conducting pushover analysis,a static nonlinear collapse analysis method to evaluate the structure nonlinear behaviour and capacity beyond the elastic *** here,the failure mechanism and inherent reserve strength/capacity of the overall truss structure are *** method of doing reassessment is described clearly in the industry-adopted codes and standards such the API,ISO,PTS and NORSOK *** may help understand the structural behaviour of aged fixed offshore jacket structures for maintenance or decommissioning.

关键词： Strength of offshore platforms Reliability Jacket platform Fixed structure,oil and gas Fixed-type offshore platform Offshore structures

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An update on stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: cell death pathways as therapeutic targets

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2017年第2期3卷 98-105页

作者： Sydney Corey Shaila Ghanekar Jake Sokol john H.Zhang Cesar v.Borlongan Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine 12901 Bruce B.Downs Blvd Tampa Florida 33612 USA Departments of Anesthesiology Neurosurgery Neurology and Physiology Loma Linda University Medical Center 11234 Anderson St Loma Linda CA 92354 USA

Here,we compiled ten papers detailing recent strides in the field of stem cell therapy,which address critical issues relevant to pursuing this experimental treatment for clinical applications in brain *** include efficacy,safety,and mechanism of action underlying cell therapy,emerging technologies and combination pharmacotherapies with cell transplantation directed at improving the functional outcomes,and evaluation of key translational components of advancing novel therapeutics to the clinic,including the need for vis-a-vis comparisons with the gold standard of treatment post-injury (i.e.,physical rehabilitation).A bioethics paper is also incorporated here to further appreciate the current status of cell therapy in the community *** overall goal of this special volume is to provoke a meaningful assessment of the lessons we have learned in recent years and to use such knowledge to carefully translate safe and effective applications of cell therapy,and its mechanism of action for the treatment of neurological disorders.

关键词： Brain disorders Cell transplantation Safety Efficacy Mechanism Clinical trials Bioethics Biomaterials

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A tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream for directed neuronal replacement

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1327-1331页

作者： john C.O'Donnell Kritika S.Katiyar Kate v.Panzer D.Kacy Cullen Center for Brain Injury & Repair Department of Neurosurgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration & Restoration Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center School of Biomedical Engineering Drexel University Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania

New neurons are integrated into the circuitry of the olfactory bulb throughout the lifespan in the mamma- lian brain--including in humans. These new neurons are born in the subventricular zone and subsequently mature as they are guided over long distances via the rostral migratory stream through mechanisms we are only just beginning to understand. Regeneration after brain injury is very limited, and although some neuroblasts from the rostral migratory stream will leave the path and migrate toward cortical lesion sites, this neuronal replacement is generally not sustained and therefore does not provide enough new neurons to alleviate functional deficits. Using newly discovered microtissue engineering techniques, we have built the first self-contained, implantable constructs that mimic the architecture and function of the rostral migratory stream. This engineered microtissue emulates the dense cord-like bundles of astrocytic somata and processes that are the hallmark anatomical feature of the glial tube. As such, our living microtissue-en- gineered rostral migratory stream can serve as an in vitro test bed for unlocking the secrets of neuroblast migration and maturation, and may potentially serve as a living transplantable construct derived from a patient＇s own cells that can redirect their own neuroblasts into lesion sites for sustained neuronal replace- ment following brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. In this paper, we summarize the development of fabrication methods for this microtissue-engineered rostral migratory stream and provide proof-of-princi- ple evidence that it promotes and directs migration of immature neurons.

关键词： rostral migratory stream glial tube astrocyte neuroblast brain injury neural repair neural regeneration tissue engineering

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Specific features of Eu^(3+) and Tb^(3+) magnetooptics in gadolinium-gallium garnet (Gd_3Ga_5O_(12))

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 776-782页

作者： Uygun v. valiev john B. Gruber 付德君 vasiliy O. Pelenovich Gary W. Burdick Mariya E. Malysheva Faculty of Physics National University of Uzbekistan Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Physics Wuhan University Department of Physics Andrews University

We reported magnetooptical properties of Eu3＋（4f（6）） and Tb3＋（4f（8）） in single crystals of Gd3Ga5O12 （GGG）, Y3Ga5O12 （YGG）, and Eu3＋（4f（6）） in Eu3Ga5O12 （EuGG） for both ions occupying sites of D2 symmetry in the garnet structure. Absorption, luminescence, and magnetic circular polarization of luminescence （MCPL） spectra of Tb3＋ in GGG and YGG and absorption and magnetic circular dichroism （MCD） of Eu3＋ in EuGG were studied. The data were obtained at 85 K and room temperature （RT）. Magnetic susceptibility of Eu3＋ in EuGG was also measured between 85 K and RT. The magnetooptical and magnetic susceptibility data were modeled using the wavefunctions of the crystal-field split energy （Stark） levels of Eu3＋ and Tb3＋ occupying D2 sites in the same garnets. The results reported gave a precise determination of these Stark level assignments and confirmed the symmetry labels （irreducible representations） of the closely-spaced Stark levels （quasi-doublets） found in the 5D1 （Eu3＋） and 5D4 （Tb3＋） multiplets. Ultraviolet （Uv） excitation （300 nm） of the 6PJ and 6IJ states of Gd3＋ in the doped GGG crystals led to emission from 5D4 （Tb3＋） and 5D1 and 5D0 （Eu3＋） through radiationless energy transfer to the 4f（n–1）5d band of Tb3＋ and to Uv quintet states of Eu3＋. The temperature-dependent emission line shapes and line shifts of the magnetooptical transitions excited by Uv radiation suggested a novel way to explore energy transfer mechanisms in this rare-earth doped garnet system.

关键词： magnetic circular polarization of luminescence magnetic circular dichroism absorption quantum qutting energy transfer magnetic susceptibility rare earths

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Co-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles:Structural,Morphological,Optical,Magnetic and Antibacterial Studies

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第11期30卷 1108-1117页

作者： N.Mohamed Basith J.Judith vijaya L.john Kennedy M.Bououdina S.Jenefar v.Kaviyarasan Catalysis & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryLoyola College (Autonomous) P.G.& Research Department of Chemistry The New College (Autonomous) Materials Division School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology (VIT) UniversityChennai Campus Nanotechnology Centre University of BahrainPO Box 32038Bahrain Department of Physics College of ScienceUniversity of BahrainPO Box 32038Bahrain Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras

Un-doped and Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles （NPs） with different weight ratios （0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% of Co） were synthesized by a facile and rapid microwave-assisted combustion method using urea as a fuel. The prepared NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high resolution scanning electron microscopy （HR-SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX）, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS）, photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry （vSM）. XRD patterns refined by the Rietveld method indicated that Co-doped ZnO had a single pure phase with wurtzite structure suggesting that Co^2＋ ions would occupy Zn^2＋ ionic sites within the ZnO crystal lattice. Interestingly, the morphology was found to convert substantially from grains to nanoparticles with close-packed periodic array of hexagonal-like shape and then into randomly distributed spherical NPs with the variation of Co-content. The optical band gap estimated using DRS was found to be red-shifted from 3.22 ev for the un-doped ZnO NPs then decrease up to 2.88 ev with increasing Co-content. PL spectra showed a strong green emission band thus confirming the formation of pure single ZnO phase. Magnetic studies showed that Co-doped ZnO NPs exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism （RTFM） and that the saturation magnetization attained a maximum value of 2.203 × 10^-3 emu/g for the highest Co-content. The antibacterial studies performed against a set of bacterial strains showed that the 2.0 wt% Co-doped ZnO NPs possessed a greater antibacterial effect.

关键词： Nanoparticles Optical properties Ferromagnetism Antibacterial activity

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