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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan Connolly Willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund C.john Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas v.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim Laszlo Szarka Harry van Loon victor M.velasco Herrera Richard C.Willson Hong Yan Weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comision de Investigaciones Cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway College of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(ACRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key Laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPCC reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

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Factor Analysis of Stream Sediment Geochemical Data from Onyami Drainage System, Southwestern Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第3期4卷 656-661页

作者： Ovie Odokuma-Alonge john Adeyinka Adekoya Department of Applied Geology The Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Geology University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

An R-mode quartimax rotated factor matrix was applied to a statistical study of stream sediment geochemical data from Onyami drainage system within Igarra area in southwestern Nigeria. the area is underlain by the gneiss-migmatite complex, the low grade supracrustal schist belts and the Pan-African granitoids which intruded both the gneiss-migmatite complex and the supracrustal units. A four-factor model which accounts for 76.49% of the total variance of the stream sediment geochemical data was established. Factor 1 (Sc-Ga-v-La-Ni-Co-Ag-Bi-Sr-Pb-Hf-Nb-Cu-Cr) probably defines an underlying complex granitic lithology with contributions from mafic and ultramafic rocks. Factor 2 (th-U) is attributable to a granitic lithology which reflects the parent rock as the influencing factor. Factor 3 (Mo-Nb-Zn) appears to define a minor sulphide mineralization associated with granitic rocks that intruded the schists and granite gneiss in the area. Factor 4 indicates the occurrence of gold and its pathfinder element, As, in the study area. this inference is consistent with the reported occurrence and mining of gold during the colonial era in Dagbala, which lies within the Onyami river catchment area.

关键词： Stream Sediment Survey Geochemistry Factor Analysis

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Multi-Flow Optimization Model for Design of a Shared Backup Path Protected Network

Multi-Flow Optimization Model for Design of a Shared Backup ...

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2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC 2008)

作者： Brody Todd john Doucette Dept.of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada T6G 2G8 and TRLabs7th Floor ECERF9107-116 Street NWEdmontonABCanada T6G 2V4

Designing optimal shared backup path protected networks is a difficult and time-consuming task,and considerable research has been done to develop near optimal heuristics and algorithms that will solve the SBPP model without extensive computing power,but by definition,such methods are *** paper introduces a slight modification to the SBPP problem that allows it to be optimally solved using conventional ILP *** allowing working and backup paths to follow multiple routes,the new SBPP model eliminates the numerous 1/0 variables in the conventional *** fundamental characteristics of SBPP remain intact,with the problem altering only slightly but it allows ILP solvers to find an optimal solution in a time measured in seconds to minutes compared to the days or longer needed for conventional models.

关键词： network restoration and protection,shared backup path protection,network design,network optimization,network reliability,network availability

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L1 Adaptive Controller with Additional Uncertainty Bias Estimation 25th

L1 Adaptive Controller with Additional Uncertainty Bias Esti...

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第25届中国控制与决策会议

作者： john Cooper Chengyu Cao Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

this paper presents an L1 adaptive controller with an additional approximator in the adaptive law. the new approximator is used to estimate biases in system uncertainties. the benefit of this approach is the ability to maintain performance with increased integration step-size. this is an important improvement because hardware sampling time is a limitation in any real-world application. the improvements of this design are verified in simulation using two different step-sizes, and comparing the results to the traditional L1 controller.

关键词： Adaptive Control Uncertainty Estimation

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Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe thorsten Blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell Larry B.Crowder Ashley L.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.Fujita Benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie v.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly john N.Kittinger Phillip S.Levin john M.Lynham Megan E.Mach Rebecca G.Martone Lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal F.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense Fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College London Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA Botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement

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Using yttrium as an indicator to estimate total rare earth element concentration:a case study of anthracite-associated clays from northeastern Pennsylvania

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第4期7卷 652-661页

作者： Xiaojing Yang Daniel Kozar Daniel Gorski Anthony Marchese James Pagnotti Rusty Sutterlin Mohammad Rezaee Mark S.Klima Sarma v.Pisupati john and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and the EMS Energy Institute Center for Critical MineralsThe Pennsylvania State University110 Hosier BuildingUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Texas Mineral Resources Corporation.539 El Paso St Sierra BlancaTX 79851USA Pagnotti Enterprises 46 Public SquareWilkes-BarrePA 18701USA Inventure Renewables Inc161625th Avenue.TuscaloosaAL 35401USA

this study demonstrated using yttrium(Y)as an indicator to estimate the total rare earth element and Y contents(REY)in coal-associated samples and to facilitate selection of samples with high REY assays in a fast and inexpensive *** than 10 anthracite-associated samples were collected from each of three Pennsylvanian sites(sites B,J and C)based on thorium gamma ray logging suggesting high REY *** samples from each site were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the rare earth distribution patterns and to establish the site-specific linear equations of Y and *** Y contents of the remaining samples were measured by a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer,and the REY values were estimated based on the site-specific linear equation developed earlier.R-squared values above 0.70 were obtained for all the estimation equations from all three sites on both a whole sample basis and an ash ***,ash content has been widely used as an indicator of high REY *** may not be applicable for a specific *** B in this study is an example where ash contents could not be statistically correlated with REY,so using Y for estimation is more *** demonstrated sample screening process is suitable for samples from sites that share more similar distribution patterns(either MREY or LREY or HREY)as well as for samples from sites that share multiple distribution patterns(LREY/MREY/HREY)depending on the desirable *** demonstrated process lowers the analytical cost from$70 to 80 dollars per sample to$10-15 per sample while significantly reducing the processing time and acid consumption for ICP *** is particularly true when a relatively large sample size is involved,for example,100 samples from one site analyzed by ICP-MS/OES.

关键词： Rare earth elements XRF analysis Correlations Prediction ICP analysis

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variability in growth characteristics for different genotypes of Eucalyptus tereticornis (sm.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 487-491,525页

作者： Kumar A Luna RK Parveen Kumar v Division of Genetics and Tree Propagation Forest Research Institute Research & Development Circle Punjab State Forest Department

Eighteen clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis （sm.） were evaluated for three years by adopting randomized block design for various growth parameters at Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India and compared with two checks. Significant variations were recorded for height, diameter at breast height （DBH） and clear bole height （CBH）. the broad sense heritability was low to moderate for both height and CBH. the genetic gain for height and CBH increased substantially pe se with the increase in age of trees. the average genetic gain for thres years was recorded maximum for height （159.60%） followed by DBH （110.97%） and CBH （70.34%）. Clone 17 attained maximum DBH over other genotypes for second and third year followed by clones 14 and 11. Clone 5 showed an upward trend for DBH and maintained its superiority for CBH as the age of the tree increased. Similarly, clone 11 changed its ranking from 9th to 8th to 3rd for DBH and from 9th to 4th to 2nd for CBH, respectively for the age of one, two and three years. Nonetheless, clones 6 and 10 per- formed poorly for all the characters studied. Clones 17, 14 and 5 were found to be the most promising clones for commercial deployment.

关键词： Eucalyptus tereticornis clones heritability genetic advance genetic gain

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Late Palaeogene emplacement and late Neogene-Quaternary exhumation of the Kuril island-arc root (Kunashir island) constrained by multi-method thermochronometry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 211-220页

作者： J.De Grave F.I.Zhimulev S.Glorie G.v.Kuznetsov N.Evans F.vanhaecke B.McInnes Department of Geology and Soil Science Mineralogy and Petrology Research Unit Ghent University Ghent Belgium Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia Tectonics Resources and Exploration (TraX) Department of Earth Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia john De Laeter Center for Isotope Research Applied Geology/Applied Physics Curtin University Perth Australia Department of Analytical Chemistry Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Unit Ghent University Ghent Belgium

the Kuril islands constitute a volcanic island arc-trench system, stretching from eastern Hokkaido （Japan） to Kamchatka （Russia） along the northwestern Pacific subduction system, the current arc consists of several volcanic islands mainly with Neogene basement and capped by several, predominantly andesitic, active subduction stratovolcanoes, Kunashir Island is the southwestern-most island of the arc, just off the Hokkaido coast and represents the study area in this paper. the island is composed of a Lower Complex of mainly late Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks, covered by an Upper Complex of younger （basaltic） andesitic lava flows and tuffs on which currently four active volcanic edifices are built. In the Lower Complex sub-volcanic and deeper-seated intrusives of the so-called Prasolov and Dokuchaev magmatic complexes are found, More differentiated, tonalitic-granodioritic rocks were collected from these small intrusive bodies. An early Oligocene zircon LA-ICP-MS U/Pb age of 31 Ma for the Prasolov Complex was obtained, showing that the basement of Kunashir Island is older than previously thought. thermochronometry （apatite fission-track and U-th-sm/He and zircon U-thJHe analyses） further shows that the magmatic basement of the island was rapidly exhumed in the Pleistocene to present levels in a differential pattern, with He-ages ranging from 1.9 to 0.8 Ma. It is shown that the northern section of the island was hereby exhumed more intensely.

关键词： Kuril island arc Kunashir island Northwest pacific thermochronometry Zircon U-Pb dating

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双荷电类矢量轻子的衰变

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河南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第5期46卷 33-36页

作者：李文君苏培庆 Ng john N 河南师范大学物理与材料科学学院河南新乡453007 加拿大粒子加速器中心理论组加拿大温哥华V6T2A3

标准模型单态标量粒子Φ是Higgs Portal标量模型的重要组成部分,可与Higgs耦合.Higgs的发现有助于单态标量粒子Φ的研究.增加满足标准模型规范对称性并能和Φ耦合的双荷电类矢量轻子,有助于Φ在LHC或者未来的环形对撞机上的探测.本文在... 详细信息

标准模型单态标量粒子Φ是Higgs Portal标量模型的重要组成部分,可与Higgs耦合.Higgs的发现有助于单态标量粒子Φ的研究.增加满足标准模型规范对称性并能和Φ耦合的双荷电类矢量轻子,有助于Φ在LHC或者未来的环形对撞机上的探测.本文在标准模型中加入了一个标准模型单态标量粒子和一个双荷电类矢量轻子二重态,研究了这些双荷电类矢量轻子的衰变.结果表明:双荷电类矢量轻子二重态只与e_R耦合时,这些衰变过程D^-→e^-+h^0(Z^0),Δ^(--)→e^-+W^-和Δ_L^(--)→W^-D_L^(*-)→W^-e_R^-h^0可以发生,其中,D^-→e^-h^0衰变占主要地位.由于D^-和Δ^(--)质量劈裂很小,所以D^-→Δ^-W^+衰变是运动学禁戒的.

关键词：双荷电类矢量轻子衰变宽度分支比

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Petrochemistry of volcanic and Plutonic Rocks in Loei Province, Loei-Petchabun Fold Belt, thailand

Petrochemistry of Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks in Loei Provin...

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第五届全国计算机数学学术会议

作者： Kamonporn Kromkhun Graham Baines Peangta Satarugsa john Foden Geology and Geophysics School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Geotechnology Department of Technology Khon Kaen University

the petrography and geochemistry of Permo-Triassic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Loei-Phetchabun Fold Belt located in Amphoe Wang Sa Phung and Maung areas, Loei Province were *** intermediate igneous rocks have calc-alkaline affinities and are characterized by moderately fractionated LREEs and relatively flat HREEs with negative Eu anomalies. Both volcanic and plutonic samples display positive Rb, th, Ce, sm and Y anomalies and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. the geochemical data indicate that fractional crystallization of plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, titanite and apatite and/or magma mixing were important processes during the generation of these igneous rocks. therefore, the data indicate magmatism at an east-dipping continent-ocean subduction zone where a former ocean between the Indochina and Sibumasu blocks was subducted beneath the Indochina block. Available geochronology data indicate that subduction was active from at least 244-230 Ma. the subduction-derived melts were probably contaminated by the overlying continental crust.

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