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Prostate health index can stratify patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging to reduce prostate biopsies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 20-24页

作者： john shung-lai leung Wai-Kit Ma Brian Sze-Ho Ho Stacia Tsun-Tsun Chun Rong Na Yongle Zhan Chi-Yuen Ng Chi-Ho Ip Ada Tsui-Lin Ng Yiu-Chung Lam Division of Urology Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryPrincess Margaret HospitalHongKongChina

We aim to evaluate prostate health index as an additional risk-stratification tool in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance *** with biochemical or clinical suspicion of having prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in two tertiary centers(Queen Mary Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital,Hong Kong,China)between January 2017 and June 2022 were ***-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies were performed after prostate health index *** who only had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions were further stratified into four prostate health index risk groups and the cancer detection rates were *** of the 747 patients,47.3%had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions *** detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in this group was 15.0%.The cancer detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer had statistically significant differences:5.3%in prostate health index<25.0,7.4%in prostate health index 25.0-34.9,17.9%in prostate health index 35.0-54.9,and 52.6%in prostate health index≥55.0(P<0.01).Among the patients,26.9%could have avoided a biopsy with a prostate health index<25.0,at the expense of a 5.3%risk of missing clinically significant prostate *** health index could be used as an additional risk stratification tool for patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 *** could be avoided in patients with low prostate health index,with a small risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.

关键词： biopsy fusion biopsy magnetic resonance imaging prostate cancer prostate health index

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Interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 and its vaccines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第40期28卷 5801-5806页

作者： john S M leung Cardiothoracic Unit St.Paul’s HospitalHong KongChina

The whole world has been continuously afflicted by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic for the past 3 *** countries have tried many methods to control this virus infection with varying successes and *** gut microbiota is a biosystem spanning the entire length of the digestive tract and playing important roles in health and *** is much affected by *** return it also substantially impacts *** particular,the gut microbiota has established a bidirectional interaction with the COVID-19 vaccines,enhancing or reducing vaccine efficacy by virtue of its varying ***,COVID-19 vaccines also make a substantial impact on the gut microbiota,reducing its overall population and *** is hoped that by exploring and harnessing this bidirectional interaction we may break new ground and develop new methods to prevent and treat this formidable virus infection.

关键词： Gut microbiota COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine interactions Gut microbiota alterations

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Superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel M.S.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet Chung Tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang Sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan john K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau Man Chan Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam Masashi Mori Sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(IM)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(IM-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(IMCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNM[sum of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNM-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-CC,ID-CC,IM-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine

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Hepatitis C in the pediatric population: Transmission, natural history, treatment and liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11281-11286页

作者： Saira Khaderi Ross Shepherd john A Goss Daniel leung Division of Abdominal Transplantation Micheal E DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition Texas Children’s Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States

The number of children affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States is estimated to be between 23000 to 46000. The projected medical cost for children with HCV in the United States is upwards of 200 million over the next decade. The implementation of routine screening of blood supply has virtually eliminated transmission via transfusion and vertical transmission is now the most common mode of infection in children. Infections acquired during infancy are more likely to spontaneously resolve and fibrosis of the liver tends to increase with age suggesting slow progressive histologic injury. Anti-viral treatment may be warranted in children with persistently elevated liver enzymes or with significant fibrosis on liver biopsy. Current standard of care includes weekly pegylated interferon and ribavirin twice daily. Predictors of high sustained viral response include genotype 2 and 3 and low viral load in children with genotype 1 ( 90%). Only 34 pediatric patients were transplanted with hepatitis C between January 2008 and April 2013. The majority of pediatric patients were born prior to universal screening of blood products and, as of June 2013, there are only two pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C. Pediatric survival rates post-transplant are excellent but graft survival is noticeably reduced compared to adults (73.73% for pediatric patients at one year compared to 87.69% in adult patients). New safe potent, and all-oral effective antiviral therapies for recurrent HCV should help increase graft survival.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver transplantation Pediatric Infection Fibrosis Liver disease

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Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response

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Engineering 2022年第1期8卷 108-115页

作者： Xiaolei Wang Fengchang Wu Xiaoli Zhao Xiao Zhang Junyu Wang Lin Niu Weigang Liang Kenneth Mei Yee leung john P.Giesy State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution&Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada Department of Environmental Sciences Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many *** environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these *** study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future *** improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such *** specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning *** the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on *** the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected ***,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably *** recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

关键词： Public health emergency Public health emergency response system Environmental factors Prevention and control Viral infections

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Developing a coordinate-based strategy to support cognitive targeted prostate biopsies and correlative spatial-histopathological outcome analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第3期23卷 231-235页

作者： Keiran D Clement Lizzy Day Helen Rooney Matt Neilson Fiona Birrell Mark Salji Elizabeth Norm an Ross Clark Amit Patel john Morrison Hing Y leung Departm ent of Urology Queen Elizabeth University Hospital1345 Govan RdGlasgow G514TFUK Department of Urology Ayr University HospitalDalmellington RdAyr KA66DXUK CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research Garscube EstateBearsdenGlasgow G611BDUK lnstitute of Cancer Sciences University of GlasgowBearsdenGlasgow G611BDUK Department of Radiology NHS Greater Glasgow and ClydeGlasgow G514TFUK.

Lack of investment for magnetic resonance(MR)fusion systems is an obstacle to deliver targeted prostate biopsies within the prostate cancer diagnostic *** developed a coordinate-based method to support cognitive targeted prostate biopsies and then performed an audit on cancer detection and the location of *** each patient,the prostate is considered as two separate hemiprostates,and each hemiprostate is divided into 4×4×4 *** unit is therefore defined by a three-dimensional *** prospectively applied our coordinates approach to target 106 prostatic lesions in 93 *** 45(of 106;42.5%)lesions positive for cancer,27 lesions(60.0%)harbored clinically significant *** density was significantly higher in patients with proven cancer(median:0.264 ng ml^(-2))when compared to the noncancer group(median:0.145 ng ml-2;P=0.003,Wilcoxon ranksum test).Lesions with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System(PIRADS)score of 5 were found to have a cancer incidence of 65.2%,while PI RADS 4 and 3 lesions have a lower risk of cancer detection,as expected,at 37.3%and 31.3%,*** probability of a lesion being cancerous in our series significantly decreases as we go from the“apex-to-base”dimension(odds ratio[OR]:2.62,95%confidence interval[Cl]:1.55-4.44,P=0.00034).Our analysis also indicates that the probability of cancer decreases as the prostate volume increases(OR:1.03,95%Cl:1.01-1.05,P=0.00327).Based on this feasibility study,the use of coordinates to guide cognitive targeted prostate biopsies warrants future validation study in additional centers.

关键词： cognitive targeted prostate biopsies coordinates magnetic resonance imaging prostate cancer

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A review of computerized hospital layout modelling techniques and their ethical implications

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第3期9卷 498-513页

作者： Navid Jamali Ramsey K.leung Stephen Verderber john H.Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscapeand DesignUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Purpose:This paper reviews an area of interdisciplinary collaboration in the design of healthcare facilities that attempts to optimize hospital space-planning using automated statistical techniques from the discipline of Operations Research(OR).This review articulates Facility Layout Problems(FLPs)as a general class of OR ***,the review highlights limitations of these techniques,which necessitate an ethical and participatory engagement with computerized processes of healthcare ***/methodology/approach:An in-depth critical review was carried out,which revealed a number of common themes,collectively theorized as metamodeling processes,or models of models,through which various FLP modelling techniques can be challenged and debated in terms of their architectural viability,and ethical ***:This review provides a methodological basis for the further evaluation of computational *** was found that most of the reviewed studies are functionally focused on flow efficiency and,in general,do not consider broader contextual,relational,social,or salutogenic design ***/value:This review is the first on the subject written from an architectural *** can be used by a broad range of readers as its critical review of past and present hospital layout modelling techniques discusses their capabilities and *** such,it also enables them to consider ethical values while critiquing the epistemology of computational processes hidden beneath algorithmic outputs.

关键词： Hospital planning Floor layout problem Artificial intelligence Operations research Computational design Participatory design

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Dietary advanced glycation end-products aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 8026-8040页

作者： Christopher leung Chandana B Herath Zhiyuan Jia Sof Andrikopoulos Bronwyn E Brown Michael J Davies Leni R Rivera john B Furness Josephine M Forbes Peter W Angus Department of Medicine the University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergMelbourne Victoria 3084Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthAustin HospitalHeidelberg MelbourneVictoria 3084 Australia Heart Research Institute Newtown New South Wales 2042Austrulia University of Melbourne Victoria 3052Australia Metabolic Research Unit School of MedicineDeakin UniversityVictoria 3216Austrialia Glycation and Diabetes Complications Group Mater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia

AIM To determine if manipulation of dietary advanced glycation end product(AGE), intake affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) progression and whether these effects are mediated via RAGE. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat, high fructose, high cholesterol(HFHC) diet for 33 wk and compared with animals on normal chow. A third group were given a HFHC diet that was high in AGEs. Another group was given a HFHC diet that was marinated in vinegar to prevent the formation of AGEs. In a second experiment, RAGE KO animals were fed a HFHC diet or a high AGE HFHC diet and compared with wildtype controls. Hepatic biochemistry, histology, picrosirius red morphometry and hepatic mR NA were determined. RESULTS Long-term consumption of the HFHC diet generated significant steatohepatitis and fibrosis after 33 wk. In this model, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal content(a marker of chronic oxidative stress), hepatocyte ballooning, picrosirius red staining, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A gene expression were all significantly increased. Increasing the AGE content of the HFHC diet by baking further increased these markers of liver damage, but this was abrogated by pre-marination in acetic acid. In response to the HFHC diet, RAGE-/-animals developed NASH of similar severity to RAGE+/+ animals but were protected from the additional harmful effects of the high AGE containing diet. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells showed that AGEs increase cell proliferation and oxidative stress, providing a likely mechanism through which these compounds contribute to liver injury. CONCLUSION In the HFHC model of NAFLD, manipulation of dietary AGEs modulates liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis via a RAGE dependent pathway. This suggests that pharmacological and dietary strategies targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway could slow the progression of NAFLD.

关键词： Advanced glycation end-products Fructose Steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic fibrosis Oxidative stress

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Regional trauma system development in Shenzhen,China:an 8-year journey

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Military Medical Research 2022年第3期9卷 385-386页

作者： Gui-Xi Zhang Gilberto Ka Kit leung Chung Mau Lo Richard Kwong-Yin Lo john Wong Ronald V. Maier Eileen M.Bulger Joe King Man Fan Xiao-Bing Fu Chinese PLA Medical School Beijing100853China University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen518000China Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Li Ka ShingHong Kong999077China Harborview Medical Center SeattleWA98195USA Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing100853China

Dear Editor,Since the late 1980s, trauma in China has been identified as a major public health challenge, with trafic-related fatalities accounting for 80% of accidental deaths[1]. In 2019, Shenzhen had a total population of approximately 20 million, and from 2010 to 2017, both emergency medical services and the total number of trauma patients increased, with trauma accounting for 47.0% and 38.4% of all patients in 2010 and 2017, respectively[2,3]. This report describes the efforts to implement programs and establish a trauma system in Shenzhen, China.

关键词： system services accounting

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Stormwater Management in Hong Kong

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2002年第5期7卷 544-553页

作者： Keith R. Murrells john K.Y. leung Kermen K. Mok Drainage Services Department Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China

This paper presents the practice of stormwater management in Hong Kong. It gives an overview of the current situation as regards to the organization, policies and strategies, the technologies adopted, and the economics and financing aspects relevant to implementation of the management practices. The influencing factors and trends in future development of stormwater management are also discussed.

关键词： drainage services department Hong Kong SAR stormwater management (SWM)

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