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A review of organotin contamination in arctic and subarctic regions

Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 150-156页

作者： john r.kucklick Michael D.Ellisor National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences DivisionCharlestonSouth Carolina 29412USA Current Address:O2SI Smart Solutions an LGC Standards Company CharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Organotin(OT)compounds are of continued Arctic concern as they are still widely used despite the most well-studied OT,tributyl tin(TBT),being restricted from use on marine vessels to prevent fouling by marine *** highest OT concentrations found in Arctic fauna are in regions associated with human activity especially *** is an overall trend of declining butyl tin(BT)concentrations in Arctic fauna especially molluscs which are the subject of a limited number of long-term monitoring *** incidence of imposex has likewise generally declined in molluscs in response to declining TBT *** are a number of knowledge gaps in OT occurrence and transport in the Arctic that warrant continued ***,in particular octyl tins,are heavily used in the production of plastic,hence leaching from plastic may be an unrecognized source to Arctic *** review also found several studies reporting volatile tin species in the atmosphere suggesting atmospheric transport of volatile tins to the Arctic is *** to other more well know persistent organic pollutants,there are few reports of OTs in marine mammals and temporal tend studies are needed to define trends in BTs and search for the occurrence of other tin species.

关键词： continued Arctic volatile

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A review of halogenated natural products in Arctic,Subarctic and Nordic ecosystems

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 89-115页

作者： Terry F.Bidleman Agneta Andersson Liisa M.Jantunen john r.kucklick Henrik Kylin robert J.Letcher Mats Tysklind Fiona Wong Department of Chemistry UmeåUniversityLinnaeus v€ag 6SE-90187UmeåSweden Department of Ecology and Environmental Science UmeåUniversityLinnaeus v€ag 6SE-90187UmeåSweden UmeåMarine Sciences Centre SE-90571H€orneforsSweden Centre for Atmospheric research Experiments Environment and Climate Change Canada6248 Eighth LineEgbertONL0L 1N0Canada Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyHollings Marine Laboratory221 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSC29412USA Department of Thematic Studies e Environmental Change Link€oping UniversitySE-58183Link€opingSweden research Unit:Environmental Sciences and Management NortheWest UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaONK1A OH3 Canada Air Quality Processes research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoONM5H 5T4Canada

Halogenated natural products(HNPs)are organic compounds containing bromine,chlorine,iodine,and rarely *** comprise many classes of compounds,ranging in complexity from halocarbons to higher molecular weight compounds,which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to *** HNPs are biosynthesized by marine bacteria,macroalgae,phytoplankton,tunicates,corals,worms,sponges and other *** paper reviews HNPs in Arctic,Subarctic and Nordic ecosystems and is based on sections of Chapter 2.16 in the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program(AMAP)assessment Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern(AMAP,2017)which deal with the higher molecular weight *** is updated and expanded to include more Nordic *** of the chapter is devoted to“bromophenolic”HNPs,viz bromophenols(BPs)and transformation products bromoanisoles(BAs),hydroxylated and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers(OH-BDEs,MeO-BDEs)and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PBDDs),since these HNPs are most frequently *** discussed are 2,20-dimethoxy-3,30,5,50-tetrabromobiphenyl(2,20-dimethoxy-BB80),polyhalogenated 10-methyl-1,20-bipyrroles(PMBPs),polyhalogenated 1,10-dimethyl-2,20-bipyrroles(PDBPs),polyhalogenated N-methylpyrroles(PMPs),polyhalogenated N-methylindoles(PMIs),bromoheptyl-and bromooctyl pyrroles,(1r,2S,4r,5r,10E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro-5-(20-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane(mixed halogenated compound MHC-1),polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives(PBHDs)and polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCs).Aspects of HNPs covered are physicochemical properties,sources and production,transformation processes,concentrations and trends in the physical environment and biota(marine and freshwater).Toxic properties of some HNPs and a discussion of how climate change might affect HNPs production and distribution are also *** review concludes with a summary of research needs to better understand the role of HNPs as“chemicals of emerging Arct

关键词： Halogenated natural products(HNPs) Arctic Scandinavia Baltic sea Air Water Sediment Biota Physicochemical properties

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