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Monthly variations of unregulated brominated disinfection by-products in chlorinated water are correlated with total bromine

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第3期1卷 147-155页

作者： Christena Watts Jianxian Sun paul d.Jones Hui Peng john P.Giesy Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5B3Canada School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5C8Canada department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3H6Canada Zoology department Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5B4Canada department of Environmental Sciences Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798-7266USA

Brominated disinfection by-products(Br-dBPs)can form during the chlorination of drinking water in treatment plants(dWTP).Regulations exist for a small subset of Br-dBPs;however,hundreds of unregulated Br-dBPs have been detected,and limited information exists on their occurrence,concentrations,and seasonal ***,a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment(dIPIC-Frag)method were optimized to screen chlorinated waters for *** were 553 Br-dBPs detected with m/z values ranging from 170.884 to 497.0278 and chromatographic retention times from 2.4 to 26.2 *** MS2 information,structures for 40 of the 54 most abundant Br-dBPs were *** method was then applied to a year-long study in which raw,clear well,and finished water were analyzed *** 54 most abundant unregulated Br-dBPs were subjected to trend ***-dBPs with higher oxygen-to-carbon(O/C)and bromine-to-carbon(Br/C)ratios increased as water moved from the clear well to the finished stage,which indicated the dynamic formation of *** trends of unregulated Br-dBPs were compared to raw water parameters,such as natural organic matter,temperature,and total bromine,but no correlations were *** was found that total concentrations of bromine(TBr)in finished water(0.04–0.12 mg/L)were consistently and significantly greater than in raw water(0.013–0.038 mg/L,Pduction of bromine during the disinfection *** of TBr in treatment units,rather than raw water,were significantly correlated to 34 of the Br-dBPs atα?*** study provides the first evidence that monthly trends of unregulated Br-dBPs can be associated with the concentration of TBr in treated waters.

关键词： Natural organic matter Bromine Chlorination drinking water treatment High-resolution mass spectrometry

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The biological fate of the polymer nanocarrier material monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,L-lactic acid)in rat

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第4期11卷 1003-1009页

作者： Xiangjun Meng Zhi Zhang Jin Tong Hui Sun john paul Fawcett Jingkai Gu Research Center for drug Metabolism School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Beijing Institute of drug Metabolism Beijing 102209China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,L-lactic acid)(PEG-PLA)is a typical amphiphilic di-block copolymer widely used as a nanoparticle carrier(nanocarrier)in drug *** the in vivo fate of PEG-PLA is required to evaluate its overall safety and promote the development of PEG-PLA-based nanocarrier drug delivery ***,acquiring such understanding is limited by the lack of a suitable analytical method for the bioassay of *** this study,the pharmacokinetics,biodistribution,metabolism and excretion of PEG-PLA were investigated in rat after intravenous *** results show that unchanged PEG-PLA is mainly distributed to spleen,liver,and kidney before being eliminated in urine over 48 h mainly(>80%)in the form of its PEG *** study provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the in vivo fate of PEG-PLA which we anticipate will facilitate the scientifc design and safety evaluation of PEG-PLA-based nanocarrier drug delivery systems and thereby enhance their clinical development.

关键词： Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,L-lactic acid) Polymer Nanocarrier material Pharmacokinetics Biodistribution Metabolism Excretion Rat

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Ngaoundaba Crater Lake sediments,northern Cameroon:implications for provenance and trace metals status

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第5期40卷 718-738页

作者： Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa john SArmstrong-Altrin Gentry Calistus Fuh Thierry Bineli Betsi Tebogo Kelepile paul-desireNdjigui department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 812YaoundeCameroon Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y LimnologıaUnidad de Procesos Oceanicos y CosterosCircuito exterior s/n04510 MexicoD.F.Mexico department of Mining and Geological Engineering Botswana International University of Sciences and TechnologyPrivate Bag 16PalapyeBotswana

This study was conducted on the Ngaoundaba Crater Lake sediments to infer provenance,weathering conditions,organic matter accumulation,and trace metal *** Lake sediments were collected using a manual core sampler at 5 to 8 m water *** sediment cores from the littoral and center of the lake were analyzed for grain size distribution,water content(WC),organic matter content,mineralogy,and major and trace element *** Ngaoundaba sediments were classified as silt and sandy *** show high content in organic matter,which is more to the littoral than to the center of the lake,varying from 14.6%to 24%and21.2%to 40.8%,*** grain surface features identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)show both chemical and mechanical microtextures with subrounded to angular shape suggesting both proximal and distal *** lake sediments are composed of quartz,kaolinite,and hematite,with low amounts of feldspars,rutile,calcite,illite,and *** indices such as the chemical index of alteration(CIA),chemical index of weathering(CIW),and index of compositional variability(ICV)indicate moderate to intense chemical weathering in the source area and immature to mature *** geochemical composition indicates that the sediments were derived from felsic to intermediate igneous rocks,such as granitoids,and mafic alkali lavas like *** environmental risk assessment of trace metals obtained by enrichment factor(EF)and geo-accumulation index(I-geo)shows low contamination of the lake sediments.

关键词： Ngaoundaba Crater Lake Mineralogy Geochemistry Provenance Metal traces status

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Factors associated with increased incidence of severe toxicities following yttrium-90 resin microspheres in the treatment of hepatic malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第10期22卷 3006-3014页

作者： john d Roberson II Andrew M Mc donald Craig J Baden Chee paul Lin Rojymon Jacob Omer L Burnett III School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294-3412 United States department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35233 United States Center for Clinical and Translational Science University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35205 United States

AIM: To further define variables associated with increased incidences of severe toxicities following administration of yttrium-90 (90Y) ***: Fifty-eight patients undergoing 79 treatments were retrospectively assessed for development of clinical and laboratory toxicity incidence following 90Y administration. Severe toxicity events were defined using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 and defined as grade ≥ 3. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of different factors on the incidence of severe toxicity events. Multicollinearity was assessed for all factors with P ded due to multicollinearity were included in a multivariate logistic regression model for each measurement of severe ***: Severe (grade ≥ 3) toxicities occurred following 21.5% of the 79 treatments included in our analysis. The most common severe laboratory toxicities were severe alkaline phosphatase (17.7%), albumin (12.7%), and total bilirubin (10.1%) toxicities. decreased pre-treatment albumin (OR = 26.2, P = 0.010) and increased pre-treatment international normalized ratio (INR) (OR = 17.7, P = 0.048) were associated with development of severe hepatic toxicity. Increased pre-treatment aspartate aminotransferase (AST; OR = 7.4, P = 0.025) and decreased pre-treatment hemoglobin (OR = 12.5, P = 0.025) were associated with severe albumin toxicity. Increasing pre-treatment model for end-stage liver disease (MELd) score (OR = 1.8, P = 0.033) was associated with severe total bilirubin toxicity. Colorectal adenocarcinoma histology was associated with severe alkaline phosphatase toxicity (OR = 5.4, P = 0.043).CONCLUSION: Clinicians should carefully consider pre-treatment albumin, INR, AST, hemoglobin, MELd, and colorectal histology when choosing appropriate candidates for 90Y microsphere therapy.

关键词： Yttrium-90 microspheres Liver metastases Multivariate analysis Toxicity incidence Colorectal adenocarcinoma

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An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masry Michael J. Furlong Anthony R. Clarke john paul Cunningham School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia department of Economic development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, diachasmirnorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world＇s worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with host- infested artificial media within a ＂culturing bag,＂ which mimics a natural （fruit） oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collected d. kraussii, the culturing bag method was compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective ＂artificial fruits＂ attracting wild d. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild d. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.

关键词： Bactrocera biological control fruit fly mass rearing natural enemies Tephritidae wasp

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Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 241-250页

作者： paul Alexander JONES,Gillian Ruth MAY,Joyce Ann MCLUCKIE,Akinori IWASHITA,john SHARKEY Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medical Information Eli Lilly and Company Ltd Lilly House Priestley Road Basingstoke RG24 9NL UK Fujisawa Institute of Neurosdence division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd. 2-1-6 Kashima Yodogawa-ku Osaka 532-5814 Japan Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK

Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGd) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGd induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGd induced cell death, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMdA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%. The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors dEVd-CHO and z-VAd-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGd exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reductio

关键词： oxygen-glucose-deprivation caspase cortical necrosis.

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Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14105-14125页

作者： paul J Kennedy john F Cryan Timothy G dinan Gerard Clarke 1.15 Biosciences Institute Department of Psychiatry Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Alimentary Pharmabiotic CentreUniversity College CorkCork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Anxiety Tryptophan Abdominal pain Gastrointestinal motility Cognition

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Soil quality estimation using environmental covariates and predictive models:an example from tropical soils of Nigeria

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 946-967页

作者： Isong Abraham Isong Kingsley john paul Bassey Okon Peter Ikor Ogban Sunday Marcus Afu department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of CalabarCalabar PMB 1115Nigeria department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Faculty of AgrobiologyFoodand Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesKamýcká12916500 PragueCzech Republic

Background:Information addressing soil quality in developing countries often depends on results from small experimental plots,which are later extrapolated to vast areas of agricultural *** approach often results in misin-formation to end-users of land for sustainable soil nutrient *** objective of this study was to estimate the spatial variability of soil quality index(SQI)at regional scale with predictive models using soil–environmental ***:A total of 110 composite soil samples(0–30 cm depth)were collected by stratified random sampling schemes at 2–5 km intervals across the Cross River State,Nigeria,and selected soil physical and chemical properties were *** employed environmental covariates derived from a digital elevation model(dEM)and Senti-nel-2 imageries for our modelling *** measured soil quality using two approaches[total data set(TdS)and minimum data set(MdS)].Two scoring functions were also applied,linear(L)and non-linear(NL),yielding four indices(MdS_L,MdS_NL,TdS_L,and TdS_NL).Eleven soil quality indicators were used as TdS and were further screened for MdS using principal component analysis(PCA).Random forest(RF),support vector regression(SVR),regression kriging(RK),Cubist regression,and geographically weighted regression(GWR)were applied to predict SQI in unsampled ***:The computed SQI via MdS_L was classified into five classes:≤0.38,0.38–0.48,0.48–0.58,0.58–0.68,and≥0.68,representing very low(classⅤ),low(classⅣ),moderate(classⅢ),high(classⅡ)and very high(classⅠ)soil quality,*** model was robust in predicting soil quality(R^(2)=0.21,CCC=0.39,RMSE=0.15),while RF was a model with inferior performance(R^(2)=0.02,CCC=0.32,RMSE=0.15).Soil quality was high in the southern region and low in the northern *** soil quality class(>49%)and moderate soil quality class(>14%)dominate the study area in all predicted models ***:Structural stability index,sand content,soil oga

关键词： decision support system Geospatial technology Predictive model Remote sensing Soil quality

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Impact of a national basic skills in colonoscopy course on trainee performance: An interrupted time series analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3283-3292页

作者： Keith Siau James Hodson john T Anderson Roland Valori Geoff Smith paul Hagan Marietta Iacucci paul dunckley Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Royal College of PhysiciansLondon NW14LEUnited Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom department of Gastroenterology Gloucestershire Hospitals NHSFTCheltenham GL537ANUnited Kingdom department of Gastroenterology Imperial College NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW14LEUnited Kingdom Endoscopy department Derby Royal HospitalDerby GL13NNUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd The Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy basic skills in colonoscopy(BSC) course was introduced in 2009 to improve colonoscopy training within the United Kingdom, but its impact on trainee performance is *** To assess whether attendance of the BSC could improve colonoscopy *** Trainees awarded colonoscopy certification between 2011-2016 were stratified into 3 groups according to pre-course procedure count(d > 140).Study outcomes, comprising the unassisted caecal intubation rate(CIR) and the performance indicator of colonic intubation(PICI), were studied over the 50 procedures pre and post-course. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to detect step-change changes attributable to the *** A total of 369 trainees with pre-course procedure counts of d > 140(n = 130) were included. Over the 50 pre-course procedures,significant linear improvements in CIR were found, with average increases of 4.2,3.6 and 1.7 percentage points(pp) per 10 procedures performed in the d > 140 groups respectively(all P dures group saw a significant step-change improvement in CIR, increasing from 46% in the last pre-course procedure, to 51% in the first procedure post-course(P = 0.005). The CIR step-change was not significant in the 70-140(68% to 71%;P = 0.239) or > 140(86% to 87%;P = 0.354) groups. For PICI, significant step-change improvements were seen in all three groups, with average increases of 5.6 pp(P d 3.9 pp(P = 0.014) *** Attendance of the BSC was associated with a significant step-change improvement in PICI, regardless of prior procedural experience. However, CIR data suggest that the optimal timing of course attendance appears to be at earlier stages of training(dures).

关键词： Colonoscopy Training Course Competency development Skills Endoscopy

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Inhibition of Rgs10 Expression Prevents Immune Cell Infiltration in Bacteria-induced Inflammatory Lesions and Osteoclast-mediated Bone destruction

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Bone Research 2013年第3期1卷 267-281页

作者： Sen Yang Liang Hao Matthew McConnell Xuedong Zhou Min Wang Yan Zhang john d Mountz Michael Reddy paul d. Eleazer Yi-Ping Li Wei Chen department of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham Alabama USA The State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University department of Medicine University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham Alabama USA department of Periodontology University of Alabama at Birmingham School of DentistryBirmingham Alabama USA department of Endodontics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham Alabama USA

Regulator of G-protein Signaling 10 （Rgsl0） plays an important function in osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of Rgsl0 in immune cells and inflammatory responses, which activate osteoclasts in inflam- matory lesions, such as bacteria-induced periodontal disease lesions, remains largely unknown. In this study, we used an adeno-associated virus （AAV-） mediated RNAi （AAV-shRNA-Rgs10） knockdown approach to study Rgsl0＇s function in immune cells and osteoclasts in bacteria-induced inflammatory lesions in a mouse model of periodontal disease. We found that AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 mediated Rgs10 knockdown impaired osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, local injection of AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 into the periodontal tissues in the bacteria-induced inflammatory lesion greatly decreased the number of dendritic cells, T-cells and osteoclasts, and protected the periodontal tissues from local inflammatory damage and bone destruction. Importantly, AAV-mediated Rgs10 knockdown also reduced local expression of osteoclast markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that AAV- shRNA-Rgs10 knockdown in periodontal disease tissues can prevent bone resorption and inflammation simultaneously. Our data indicate that Rgsl0 may regulate dendritic cell proliferation and maturation, as well as the subsequent stimulation of T-cell proliferation and maturation, and osteoclast differentiation and acti- vation. Our study suggests that AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 can be useful as a therapeutic treatment of periodontal disease.

关键词： Rgs10 immune cell AAV-mediated RNAi knockdown gene therapy periodontal disease gingivalinflammation bone resorption

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