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Molecular Footprint of Kenya’s Gene Bank Repositories Based on the cp-Genome Signatures

American Journal of Molecular Biology 2018年第4期8卷 215-244页

作者： Okoth patrick Muoma john Omayio Dennis Barasa Mustafa Angienda Paul Department of Biological Sciences Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya Department of Zoology School of Physical and Biological Sciences Maseno University Private Bag Maseno Kenya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (MLS) Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya

While the mutational processes that subsume biological diversity can be revealed in great detail through phylogenetic inferencing using plastid markers, few studies document their use. Accurate phylogenic inference can provide a framework for addressing a host of important evolutionary questions including a context to reconstruct molecular evolution of an organism. Despite the obvious utility of plastid markers in illuminating biological enquiry, many important questions still abound. The use of cp-DNA gene sequence data for phylogenetic inference can have an enormous impact on plant phylogenetics and systematics. The repertoire of genetic diversity of Kenya’s Gene Bank repositories can be explored based on cp-genome signatures. This is because cp-DNA-based mutational changes are an important additional tool to the previous evidence available on plant evolution yet to be explored in biodiversity studies in Kenya. Taken together, these evolutionary changes can inspire development of realistic algorithms for phylogenetic inferencing based on molecular data. Phylogenetic reconstructions are at the very core of molecular evolution. Comparative sequence analyses of plastid markers can have utility beyond the study of phylogeny. The pattern of nucleotide substitution observed over evolutionary time can reflect functional constraints imposed due to natural selection. In line with this, it is possible to detect subtle anatomical variations associated with small fitness effects that can account for genetic diversity at varietal level. The lack of sequence information in Kenyan cowpea has limited the robust advancement of molecular markers use in dissecting diversity based on the putative plastid markers?[1]. The present study sought to generate and upscale novel technologies such as genomics, DNA barcoding and bio-informatics in understanding molecular diversity of cowpea accessions from the Gene Bank of Kenya and ecotypes. A total of 298 sequences of cowpea germplasm conser

关键词： DNA Barcoding Molecular Phylogeny Molecular Diversity Plastid Markers Genome Signatures Genotyping NCBI

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The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第4期55卷 294-388页

作者： William J. Lucas Andrew Groover Raffael Lichtenberger Kaori Furuta Shri-Ram Yadav Yk Helariutta Xin-Qiang He Hiroo Fukuda Julie Kang Siobhan M. Brady john W. patrick john Sperry Akiko Yoshida Ana-Flor López-Millan Michael A. Grusak Pradeep Kachroo Department of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California US Forest Service Pacific SW Res Stn Institute for Forest Genetics Institute of Biotechnology/Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research College of Life Sciences Peking University Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Biology Department University of Northern Iowa School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle Biology Department University of Utah Plant Nutrition Department Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC) USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture University of Kentucky

The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plants had major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general, through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increased stature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expanded range of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress has been made in terms of our understanding of the developmental and physiological programs involved in the formation and function of the plant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionary events that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of the genetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vascular development in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essentialfunctions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources （water, essential mineral nutrients, sugars and amino acids） to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support are next discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological properties controlling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role of the vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in terms of the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plant level. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future research are highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primary industry.

关键词： Evolution vascular development phloem xylem nutrient delivery long-distance communication systemic signaling.

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Assessing Weather Services for Rural Fishing and Farming Communities in Uganda

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第2期9卷 147-158页

作者： patrick Kibaya Ian G. Munabi Frank Annor john Baptist Kaddu Climate Change Adaptation Innovation (CHAI) Kampala Uganda Department of Anatomy School of Biomedical Sciences Makerere University College of Health Science Kampala Uganda Department of Water Resources Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Civil Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Zoology Entomology and Fisheries Sciences School of Biosciences Makerere University College of Natural Sciences Kampala Uganda

Climate-related hazards like drought are associated with loss of life and lead to food insecurity in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Food insecurity, which affects more than 220 million sub-Saharan Africans, manifests as starvation that leads to more than 50% of children under the age of 5-years presenting as underweight for age in many communities on the continent. This household survey reports the means by which rural fisher folk and farming communities in Uganda gained access to early warning meteorological information. The survey covered five districts across different climatic zones in Uganda and recruited a total of 405 respondents with an average age of 41 years (SD 16). Economic activity was used to categorize each of the five districts into farming (crops and livestock) and fishing areas. The results showed that most respondents were unaware of drought as one of the climate-related hazards. Compared to respondents from the fishing communities, the respondents from farming communities were more likely to be receiving weather-related information (P-value < 0.01). There were 204/405 (50.37%) female respondents who, compared to male respondents, were less likely to have access to weather information, less willing to pay for weather information, and less likely to have and/or own devices like a radio for receiving weather information. The survey demonstrated that: 1) there were gaps in the knowledge about climate-related hazards, 2) there is a need for additional interventions targeting fisher folk communities access timely weather information, and 3) introducing user paid access to weather information may increase climate-related gender-based disparities.

关键词： Climate Change Resilience Early Warning Systems Gender Africa

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A Delphi Approach to the Selection of Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） for Resilience Enhancement for Dry Land Farmers in North-Western Nigeria

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2017年第8期7卷 383-395页

作者： Nugun patrick Jellason Richard N. Baines john S. Conway Royal Agricultural University Stroud Road Cirencester GL 7 6JS Gloucestershire England National Biotechnology Development Agency Lugbe Umar Musa Yar 'Adua Road Abuja 900107 Nigeria

An earlier baseline study （Jellason et al. in preparation） has identified some of the key challenges faced by farmers and from that, appropriate Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） have been selected for the environment the farmers find themselves in and based on a review of available literature. Farmer action plans for enhancing smallholder resilience, GHGs emission mitigation and food security for these dry lands were developed. Expert opinions on the applicability of the selected GAPs to inform farmer co-learning and to validate the suitability of these practices in a dry land context were sought through the Delphi study. Experts were also invited to offer suggestions for improvement of the training action plan. Two rounds of a modified Delphi survey were carried out with experts from diverse backgrounds and locations across the globe to solicit their opinion. Results show that experts＇ agreement was reached on most of the action plan items. The results and opinions obtained from the survey were reviewed and adapted into the action plan leading to the development of GAPs for the co-learning exercise.

关键词： Delphi technique good agricultural practices mitigation resilience dry lands food security

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To understand moxibustion from the biological effect of local thermal stimulation

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2016年第3期26卷 31-37,48页

作者：黄凯裕梁爽陆露 patrick john Morgan 张建斌南京中医药大学第二临床医学院中国南京210023

Moxibustion is one of treatment modalities in Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Its working mechanism is activated through heat-induced local thermal stimulation. By reviewing and compiling clear, scientific analysis of the biological and physiological effects from local thermal heat, the authors provides a coherent and systemic source to aid us to form an understanding of the mechanism of moxibustion’s promotion of qi and blood circulation throughout the body from local thermal stimulation. This has been done by a rigorous review of previous studies of the thermal effect on the body. The following presents the local, distal and systemic biological effects from local thermal stimulation while also discussing the similarities and differences between local thermal stimulation and moxibustion.

关键词： moxibustion rule local thermal stimulation the biological effect

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What did we learn from preparing for cross-border transmission of Ebola virus disease into a complex humanitarian setting-The Republic of South Sudan?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 106-107页

作者： Olushayo Oluseun Olu Richard Lako Joseph Francis Wamala patrick Otim Ramadan Caroline Ryan Ifeanyi Udenweze Kibebu Berta Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Sokemawu Michael Tukuru Henry john Gray Alex Chimbaru World Health Organization Ebola Virus Disease preparedness team JubaRepublic of South Sudan 不详

Background:Following the West Africa Ebola virus disease(EVD)outbreak(2013-2016),WHO developed a preparedness checklist for its member *** checklist is currently being applied for the first time on a large and systematic scale to prepare for the cross border importation of the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo hence the need to document the lessons learnt from this *** is more pertinent considering the complex humanitarian context and weak health system under which some of the countries such as the Republic of South Sudan are implementing their EVD preparedness *** text:We identified four main lessons from the ongoing EVD preparedness efforts in the Republic South ***,EVD preparedness is possible in complex humanitarian settings such as the Republic of South Sudan by using a longer-term health system strengthening ***,the Republic of South Sudan is at risk of both domestic and cross border transmission of EVD and several other infectious disease outbreaks hence the need for an integrated and sustainable approach to outbreak preparedness in the ***,a phased and well-prioritized approach is required for EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings given the costs associated with preparedness and the difficulties in the accurate prediction of outbreaks in such ***,EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings is a massive undertaking that requires effective and decentralized ***:Despite a very challenging context,the Republic of South Sudan made significant progress in its EVD preparedness drive demonstrating that it is possible to rapidly scale up preparedness efforts in complex humanitarian contexts if appropriate and context-specific approaches are *** research,systematic reviews and evaluation of the ongoing preparedness efforts are required to ensure comprehensive documentation and application of the lessons learnt for future EV

关键词： Lessons learnt Ebola virus disease Preparedness Complex humanitarian settings The Republic of South Sudan

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Excess Alcohol Use and Death among Tuberculosis Patients in the United States, 1997-2012

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第1期4卷 18-22页

作者： Tyson Volkmann patrick K. Moonan Roque Miramontes john E. Oeltmann Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta USA United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta USA

Rationale: Excess alcohol use (EAU) is associated with adverse TB treatment outcomes. Objective: We investigated the relationship between EAU and death among TB patients 15 years and older prescribed anti-TB treatment in the United States. Design: Using data reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System for 1997-2012, we calculated adjusted odds ratios and excess attributable risk percent for death among TB patients with reported EAU. Results: EAU was associated with death among patients younger than 65. The excess attributable risk percent for death among those with reported EAU for those younger than 65 was >35%. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce EAU in patients <65 years may reduce deaths.

关键词： Substance Use Mycobacterium Mortality Attributable Risk

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In VitroAnti-Diabetic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Bioactive Fractions Present in Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperiand a Polyherb

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 533-548页

作者： Mussie Sium patrick Kareru Beatrice Kiage-Mokua Kaushal Sood john Langley Julie Herniman Department of Chemistry College of Science Eritrea Institute of Technology Asmara Eritrea Department of Chemistry Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Food Science and Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre for Studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh India Department of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton UK

This paper reports the in vitro anti-diabetic profile of certain medicinal plants traditionally used in Eritrea for the management of type 2 diabetes. The crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperi, a Polyherb and their fractions were investigated. The in vitro screening of the crude extracts has generally elicited a dose dependent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities. M. dianthera displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.074 ± 0.032 mg/mL) at the highest concentration tested (0.800 mg/mL) relative to A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose (IC50: 0.37 ± 0.052, 0.56 ± 0.024 and 0.55 ± 0.029 respectively). The α-glucosidase inhibition activities of A. camperi and M. dianthera, except for the Polyherb and Acarbose, were significantly different (P < 0.05) at various ranges of concentrations (0.025 - 0.800 mg/mL). The percentage α-amylase inhibitions of M. dianthera, A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose, at the highest concentrations (0.800 mg/mL), were 78.3%, 15.9%, 16.4%, and 82.9% respectively. A. camperi and the Polyherb displayed lower α-amylase inhibitory activities (IC50: 1.72 ± 0.06 and 2.57 ± 0.07 mg/mL respectively) compared to Acarbose and M. dianthera (IC50: 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively). For the α-amylase inhibition activity, even at lower concentrations (0.025 mg/mL), there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among the values generated for all the extracts. The in vitro anti-diabetic screening of the fractions, at 0.800 mg/ml, displayed characteristic enzyme inhibition activities. Generally, the non-polar fractions showed higher enzyme inhibitory activities compared to the polar fractions. The most bioactive non-polar fractions, thus, were subjected to GC-MS analysis and presented various essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and benzoic acid derivatives in those plants.

关键词： Anti-Diabetic α-Glucosidase α-Amylase GC-MS Essential Oils Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

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How to Develop a Realist Evaluation to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Strategy in Community Care Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第3期9卷 243-258页

作者： john Mukulukulu Etshumba Dosithée Ngo Bebe patrick Kayembe Kalambay Fulbert Kwilu Nappa Kinshasa School of Public Health Management Department University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Kinshasa School of Public Health Chief of Management Department University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Kinshasa School of Public Health Chief of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Departement University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, the DRC ranks among countries with high infant mortality. To solve this problem, the Health Ministry has set up a programme: the use of integrated management childhood illness (IMCI) in community care sites (CCSs) managed by non-health professional persons known as community health workers (CHW). This approach has not yet been integrated into the health pyramid. This is why we chose the Realist Evaluation Approach to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme on Universal Access to care for children under 5 years of age in the DRC. Methods/design: To conduct this exploratory study which is essentially a descriptive case study, we applied the principles of a realist evaluation by context—mechanisms—effects explained in the conceptual framework. The preliminary theory of the programme was elaborated by data collection through a literature review coupled with semi-structured interviews with key informants who were managers of the government programme and technical and financial partners of the programme. Results: IMCI has been evaluated and shown its positive contribution in the reduction of global children mortality. In the DRC, summaries of data collection through a literature review coupled with semi-structured interviews showed the same result. However, under criticism, based on the data collected during this exploratory study, it is promisingly apparent that this programme will achieve the objectives assigned to it through the preliminary theory of the programme. Conclusion: The literature review corroborated the effectiveness of the IMCI programme. The application of this programme in CCS with non-health professionals who are Community Health Workers has been shown to be effective in the DRC. Based on this reality, it was possible to define the basis for a realist evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme in CCS.

关键词： IMCI in Community Care Sites Democratic Republic of the Congo Realist Evaluation

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Intraosseous Lipoma with Subsequent Esophageal Carcinoma Metastasis

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2012年第2期2卷 64-67页

作者： Singh Ramandeep Madewell john Rao Priya Bean Gregg Czerniak Czerniak Lin patrick Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Department of Orthopedic Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Department of Pathology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA

Background: This case report describes a well documented proximal femoral metadiaphysis intraosseous lipoma which later developed metastasis from a new esophageal cancer. Metastatic disease to benign conditions is a rare finding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic disease to an intraosseous lipoma. Case Description: The metastatic deposit was initially detected by plain-film radiography, performed to evaluate new onset right hip pain, as possible new cortical breakthrough with irregularity in the site of previously known proximal right femur intraosseous lipoma. Concurrent follow-up PET/CT study showed a new hypermetabolic focus within the known intraosseous lipoma indicating a new metastasis that was confirmed with an MRI as a new enhancing mass within the preexisting intraosseous lipoma. Subsequently, an MRI-guided biopsy and eventually surgical excision was performed providing the histological samples for radiologic-pathologic correlation. Purpose and Clinical Relevance: Clinicians need to be aware that unusual, complex patterns within benign lesions may be a reflection of unexpected conditions, such as insufficiency injury, malignant transformation and secondary metastatic disease, as exemplified by our case report.

关键词： Intraosseous Lipoma Esophageal Cancer MRI PET/CT Metastasis

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