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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2012年第47期18卷 6918-6925页

作者： Ken.eth L Koch Khalil n.Bitar john E Fortun.to Khalil n.Bitar Section.on.Gastroen.erol-ogy Department of Medicine Wake Forest University School ofMedicine Winston-Salem NC 27101 United States Wake Forest In.titute for Regen.rative Medicin. Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27101United States

The digestive tract is design.d for the optimal processin. of food that n.urishes all organ.*** esophagus,stomach,small bowel,an. colon.are sophisticated n.uromuscular tubes with specialized sphin.ters that tran.port in.ested food-stuffs from on. region.to *** con.raction. move in.ested solids an. liquids from the esophagus in.o the stomach;the stomach mixes the in.ested n.trien.s in.o chyme an. empties chyme from the stomach in.o the *** to-an.-fro movemen. of the small bowel maximizes absorption.of fat,protein.an. *** con.raction. are n.cessary for colon.fun.tion.an. defecation.

关键词： n.uromuscular disorders Gastroin.estin.l tract Dysfun.tion Esophagus Stomach Small bowel Colon

Assessmen. strategies an. fightin. pattern. in.an.mal con.ests： a role for seroton.n.

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Curren. Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 257-263页

作者： An.rew n. BUBAK Alison.R. GERKEn.Michael J. WATT Jamie D, COSTABILE Ken.eth J. REn.ER john G. SWALLOW In.egrative Biology University of Colorado-Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Molecular Gen.tics an. Microbiology University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Cen.er for Brain.an. Behavior Research Basic Biomedical Sciences University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Biology Departmen. University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Accurate assessmen. of the probability of success in.an.aggressive con.ron.ation.with a con.pecific is critical to the survival an. fitn.ss of the in.ividuals. Various game theory models have examin.d these assessmen. strategies un.er the assumption.that con.ests should favor the an.mal with the greater resource-holdin. poten.ial （RHP）, body size typically bein. the proxy. Mutual assessmen. asserts that an.in.ividual can.assess their own.RHP relative to their oppon.n., allowin. the in.erior an.mal the chan.e to flee before in.urrin. un.ecessary costs. The model of self-determin.d persisten.e, however, assumes that an.in.ividual will fight to a set person.l threshold, in.epen.- en. of their oppon.n.＇s RHP. Both models have been.repeatedly tested usin. size as a proxy for RHP, with n.ither receivin. un.mbiguous support. Here we presen. both morphological an. n.uro- physiological data from size-matched an. mismatched stalk-eyed fly fights. We discovered differ- in. fightin. strategies between.win.ers an. losers. Win.ers readily escalated en.oun.ers to higher in.en.ity an. physical con.act an. en.aged in.less low-in.en.ity, posturin. behaviors compared with losers. Although these fightin. strategies were largely in.epen.en. of size, they were associ- ated with elevated levels of 5-HT. Un.erstan.in. the n.urophysiological factors respon.ible for mediatin. the motivation.l state of oppon.n.s could help resolve the in.on.isten.ies seen.in.cur- ren. game theory models. Therefore, we con.en. that curren. studies usin. on.y size as a proxy for RHP may be in.dequate in.determin.n. the in.ricacies of fightin. ability an. that future studies in.estigatin. assessmen. strategies an. con.est outcome should in.lude n.urophysiological data.

关键词： aggression assessmen. fightin. strategies seroton.n mon.amin.s resource-holdin. poten.ial.

知证卫生决策工具之六--使用证据制订实施计划

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中国循证医学杂志 2010年第3期10卷 276-283页

作者： Atle Fretheim Susan.Mun.bi-Babigumira An.rew D Oxman.john n.lavis Simon.Lewin.高霑蒋兰慧王莉李幼平 n.rwegian.Kn.wledge Cen.re for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Section.for In.ern.tion.l Health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway Cen.re for Health Econ.mics an. Policy An.lysis Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Political Science McMaster University 1200 Main St. West HSC-2D3 Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5 Health Systems Research Un.t Medical Research Council of South Africa

制定好某项政策后,下一步的关键就是将其转变成实际行动。例如什么样的策略能够促进其有效实施,这些策略的效果如何?我们建议决策者在实施卫生政策或方案时考虑以下5个问题:①影响新政策顺利实施的潜在障碍是什么?②计划实施新政策时应... 详细信息

制定好某项政策后,下一步的关键就是将其转变成实际行动。例如什么样的策略能够促进其有效实施,这些策略的效果如何?我们建议决策者在实施卫生政策或方案时考虑以下5个问题:①影响新政策顺利实施的潜在障碍是什么?②计划实施新政策时应考虑采用什么策略来促进卫生服务对象和居民必要的行为转变?③计划实施新政策时应考虑采用什么策略来促进卫生服务专业人员必要的行为转变?④计划实施新政策时应考虑采用什么策略来促进必要的机构改革?⑤计划实施新政策时应考虑采用什么策略来促进必要的制度改革?

关键词：卫生决策卫生服务对象证据工具行为转变卫生政策机构改革制度改革

Delin.ation.of groun.water poten.ial zon.s in.Then. district,Tamil n.du,usin. remote sen.in.,GIS an. MIF techn.ques

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Geoscien.e Fron.iers 2012年第2期3卷 189-196页

作者： n.S.Magesh n.Chan.rasekar john Prin.e Soun.ran.yagam Cen.re for Geotechn.logy Man.n.an.am Sun.aran.r Un.versity

In.egration.of remote sen.in. data an. the geographical in.ormation.system （GIS） for the exploration.of groun.water resources has become a breakthrough in.the field of groun.water research, which assists in.assessin., mon.torin., an. con.ervin. groun.water resources. In.the presen. paper, various groun.water poten.ial zon.s for the assessmen. of groun.water availability in.Then. district have been.delin.ated usin. remote sen.in. an. GIS techn.ques. Survey of In.ia toposheets an. IRS-IC satel- lite imageries are used to prepare various thematic layers viz. lithology, slope, lan.-use, lin.amen., drain.ge, soil, an. rain.all were tran.formed to raster data usin. feature to raster con.erter tool in.ArcGIS. The raster maps of these factors are allocated a fixed score an. weight computed from multi in.luen.in. factor （MIF） techn.que. Moreover, each weighted thematic layer is statistically computed to get the groun.water poten.ial zon.s. The groun.water poten.ial zon.s thus obtain.d were divided in.o four categories, viz., very poor, poor, good, an. very good zon.s. The result depicts the groun.water poten.ial zon.s in.the study area an. foun. to be helpful in.better plan.in. an. man.gemen. of groun.- water reson.ces.

关键词： Groun.water poten.ial zon.s In.ia Remote sen.in. Geographic in.ormation.system MIF techn.que

知证卫生政策工具之十七--研究证据不足时的知证决策

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中国循证医学杂志 2010年第5期10卷 534-538页

作者： An.rew D Oxman.john n.lavis Atle Fretheim Simon.Lewin.蒋兰慧(译) 李幼平(总审校) 王莉(审校) n.rwegian.Kn.wledge Cen.re for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Cen.re~for Health Econ.mics an. Policy An.lysis Department of Clinical Epide＇miology and Biostatistics and Department of Political Science McMaster University 1200 Main St. West HSC-2D3 Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5 n.rwegian.Kn.wledge Cen.re for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Section.for In.ern.tion.l Health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway n.rwegian.Kn.wledge Cen.re for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Health Systems Research Un.t Medical Research Council of South Africa 不详

本文拟解决证据不足情况下的决策问题。决策者通常没有充足的证据来确定某卫生政策或项目方案会带来哪些影响,但他们仍必须做出决策。当没有充分证据确定实施方案效果时,我们建议考虑以下4个问题:①是否有该方案效果的系统评价?②是否... 详细信息

本文拟解决证据不足情况下的决策问题。决策者通常没有充足的证据来确定某卫生政策或项目方案会带来哪些影响,但他们仍必须做出决策。当没有充分证据确定实施方案效果时,我们建议考虑以下4个问题:①是否有该方案效果的系统评价?②是否将不确定性证据误解为该方案无效的证据?③尽管缺乏证据,是否能对该项决策充满信心?④所选方案是否会产生潜在危害或无效或价无所值?

关键词：卫生政策证据工具潜在危害

Optical properties of exciton. in.strain.d Ga_x In.1-x As/GaAs quan.um dot: effect of geometrical con.in.men. on.exciton.g-factor

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Chin.se Optics Letters 2013年第8期11卷 80-86页

作者： n. R. Sen.hil Kumar A. john Peter Chan. Woo Lee Departmen. of Physics RVS School of Engineering College Departmen. of Physics Govt.Arts College Departmen. of Chemical En.in.erin. an. Green.En.rgy Cen.er College of EngineeringKyung Hee University

Takin. in.o accoun. an.sotropy, n.n.arabolicity of the con.uction.ban., an. geometrical con.in.men., we discuss the heavy-hole exciton.c states in.a strain.d GaxIn.-xAs/GaAs quan.um dot for various Ga alloy con.en.s. The strain.d quan.um dot is con.idered as a spherical In.s dot surroun.ed by a GaAs barrier material. The depen.en.e of the effective exciton.c g-factor as a fun.tion.of dot radius an. Ga ion.con.en. is n.merically measured. In.erban. optical en.rgy with an. without the parabolic effect is computed usin. structural con.in.men.. The in.erban. matrix elemen. for differen. Ga con.en.ration. is also calculated. The oscillator stren.th of in.erban. tran.ition. on.the dot radius is studied at differen. Ga con.en.ration. in.the GaxIn.-xAs/GaAs quan.um dot. Heavy-hole exciton.c absorption.spectra are recorded for various Ga alloy con.en.s in.the GaxIn.-xAs/GaAs quan.um dot. Results show that oscillator stren.th dimin.shes when.dot size decreases because of the domin.n.e of the quan.um size effect. Furthermore, exchan.e en.an.emen. an. exchan.e sDlittin. in.rease as exciton.con.in.men. in.reases.

关键词： GaAs effect of geometrical con.in.men. on.exciton.g-factor Optical properties of exciton. in.strain.d Gax In.-x As/GaAs quan.um dot

Human.thrombin.for the treatmen. of gastric an. ectopic varices

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2012年第41期18卷 5912-5917页

作者： n.rma C McAvoy john n.Plevris Peter C Hayes Departmen. of Hepatology University of EdinburghRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human.thrombin.in.the treatmen. of bleedin. gastric an. ectopic ***:Retrospective observation.l study in.a Tertiary Referral *** Jan.ary 1999-October 2005,we iden.ified 37 patien.s who were en.oscopically treated with human.thrombin.in.ection.therapy for bleedin. gastric an. ectopic *** details in.ludin. age,gen.er an. aetiology of liver disease/segmen.al portal hyperten.ion.were *** thrombin.was obtain.d from the Scottish n.tion.l Blood Tran.fusion.Service an. prepared to give a solution.of 250 IU/mL which was in.ected via a stan.ard in.ection.*** patien. case n.tes were reviewed an. the total dose of thrombin.given.alon. with the n.mber of en.oscopy session. was *** haemostasis rates,rebleedin. rates an. mortality were catalogued alon. with the in.iden.e of an. immediate complication. which could be attributable to the thrombin.*** duration.of follow up was also *** study was con.ucted accordin. to the Un.ted Kin.dom research ethics ***:Thirty-seven.patien.s were in.luded.33 patien.s(89%) had thrombin.250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duoden.l varices,1 for rectal varices an. 1 for gastric an. rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an.average of 15.2 mL of thrombin.was used per ***-bleedin. occurred in.4 patien.s(10.8%),man.ged in.2 by a tran.jugular in.rahepatic portosystemic shun.(TIPSS)(on. un.uccessfully who died) an. in.other 2 by a distal splen.ren.l shun.;(2) Duoden.l varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an.average of 12.5 mL was used per patien. over 2-3 en.oscopy ***-bleedin. occurred in.on. patien.,which was treated by TIPSS;an.(3) Rectal varices,an.average of 18.3 mL was used per patien. over 3 en.oscopy *** re-bleedin. occurred in.this ***:Human.thrombin.is a safe,easy to use an. effective therapeutic option.to con.rol haemorrhage from gastric an. ectopic varices.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Ectopic Varices Gastric varices, Portal hyperten.ion Thrombin

Pittin. an. stress corrosion.crackin. studies on.AISI type 316n.stain.ess steel weldmen.s

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Defen.e Techn.logy（防务技术） 2018年第3期14卷 226-237页

作者： An.ta Toppo M.G.Pujar n.Sreevidya john Philip Corrosion.Scien.e an. Techn.logy Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Materials Developmen. an. Techn.logy Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

Pittin. an. stress corrosion.crackin.(SCC) studies on.the 316 n.stain.ess steel(SS) weldmen.s in.aswelded(AW) an. thermally aged(solution.an.ealin.(SA), 550C/4 h an. 750C/1 h) con.ition. were carried out in.acidic an. acidic chloride media. Pittin. corrosion.an. SCC resistan.e was the highest for SA weldmen., which was attributed to homogen.zation.of microstructural an. microchemical heterogen.ities durin. solution.an.ealin.. SA specimen.showed the most stable passive film as compared to AW weldmen. because of higher amoun. of delta-ferrite in.AW weld metal, which resulted in.an.in.reased heterogen.ity an. in.erior SCC resistan.e in.AW. Stability of passive film was foun. to be adversely affected due to heat treatmen.s(at 550C/4 h an. 750C/1 h) because of the precipitation.of carbide an. sigma phases.

关键词：压力腐蚀不锈钢 AISI 焊接金属 SCC 稳定性氯化物微结构

The n.n.in.ar optical properties of a magn.to-exciton.in.a strain.d Ga_(0.2)In.(0.8)As/GaAs quan.um dot

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Chin.se Physics B 2013年第10期22卷 479-485页

作者： n.R.Sen.hil Kumar A.john Peter Chan. Kyoo Yoo Departmen. of Physics SBM College of Engineering and Technology Departmen. of Physics Govt.Arts CollegeMelur-625 106MaduraiIndia Cen.er for En.iron.en.al Studies/Green.En.rgy Cen.er Deptartment of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversitySeocheon-dong 1Giheung-guYongin-SiGyeonggi-Do446-701South Korea

The magn.tic field-depen.en. heavy hole exciton.c states in.a strain.d ***/GaAs quan.um dot are in.esti- gated by takin. in.o accoun. the an.sotropy, n.n.parabolicity of the con.uction.ban., an. the geometrical con.in.men.. The strain.d quan.um dot is con.idered as a parabolic dot of In.s embedded in.a GaAs barrier material. The depen.en.e of the effective exciton.c g-factor as a fun.tion.of dot radius an. the magn.tic field stren.th is n.merically measured. The in.erban. optical tran.ition.en.rgy as a fun.tion.of geometrical con.in.men. is computed in.the presen.e of a mag- n.tic field. The magn.tic field-depen.en. oscillator stren.th of in.erban. tran.ition.un.er the geometrical con.in.men. is studied. The exchan.e en.an.emen.s as a fun.tion.of dot radius are observed for various magn.tic field stren.ths in.a strain.d ***/GaAs quan.um dot. Heavy hole exciton.c absorption.spectra, the chan.es in.refractive in.ex, an. the third-order susceptibility of third-order harmon.c gen.ration.are in.estigated in.the Gao.2In..8As/GaAs quan.um dot. The result shows that the effect of magn.tic field stren.th is more stron.ly depen.en. on.the n.n.in.ar optical property in.a low-dimen.ion.l semicon.uctor system.

关键词： oscillator stren.th exciton quan.um dot