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iSeeBetter: Spatio-temporal video super-resolution using recurrent generative back-projection networks

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Computational Visual media 2020年第3期6卷 307-317页

作者： Aman Chadha john Britto m.mani Roja Department of Computer Science Stanford University450 Serra MallStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering University of MumbaiMumbaiMaharashtra 400032India

Recently,learning-based models have enhanced the performance of single-image superresolution(SISR).However,applying SISR successively to each video frame leads to a lack of temporal *** neural networks(CNNs)outperform traditional approaches in terms of image quality metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity(SSIm).On the other hand,generative adversarial networks(GANs)offer a competitive advantage by being able to mitigate the issue of a lack of finer texture details,usually seen with CNNs when super-resolving at large upscaling *** present i See Better,a novel GAN-based spatio-temporal approach to video super-resolution(VSR)that renders temporally consistent super-resolution videos.i See Better extracts spatial and temporal information from the current and neighboring frames using the concept of recurrent back-projection networks as its ***,to improve the"naturality"of the superresolved output while eliminating artifacts seen with traditional algorithms,we utilize the discriminator from super-resolution generative adversarial *** mean squared error(mSE)as a primary loss-minimization objective improves PSNR/SSIm,these metrics may not capture fine details in the image resulting in misrepresentation of perceptual *** address this,we use a four-fold(mSE),perceptual,adversarial,and total-variation loss *** results demonstrate that i See Better offers superior VSR fidelity and surpasses state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： networks resolution projection

Lynch syndrome and Lynch syndrome mimics: The growing complex landscape of hereditary colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9253-9261页

作者： john m Carethers Elena m Stoffel Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) was previously synonymous with Lynch syndrome; however,identification of the role of germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair(mmR) genes has made it possible to differentiate Lynch syndrome from other conditions associated with familial colorectal cancer(CRC). Broadly,HNPCC may be dichotomized into conditions that demonstrate defective DNA mmR and microsatellite instability(mSI) vs those conditions that demonstrate intact DNA mmR. Conditions characterized by mmR deficient CRCs include Lynch syndrome(germline mmR mutation),Lynch-like syndrome(biallelic somatic mmR mutations),constitutional mmR deficiency syndrome(biallelic germline mmR mutations),and sporadic mSI CRC(somatic biallelic methylation of mLH1). HNPCC conditions with intact DNA mmR associated with familial CRC include polymerase proofreading associated polyposis and familial colorectal cancer type X. Although next generation sequencing technologies have elucidated the genetic cause for some HNPCC conditions,others remain genetically undefined. Differentiating between Lynch syndrome and the other HNPCC disorders has profound implications for cancer risk assessment and surveillance of affected patients and their at-risk relatives. Clinical suspicion coupled with molecular tumor analysis and testing for germline mutations can help differentiate the clinical mimicry within HNPCC and facilitate diagnosis and management.

关键词： Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer Lynch s

Understanding cost data collection tools to improve economic evaluations of health interventions

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第4期4卷 214-222页

作者： john m Chapel Guijing Wang Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention CDCAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

micro-costing data collection tools often used in literature include standardized comprehensive templates,targeted questionnaires,activity logs,on-site administrative databases,and direct *** tools are not mutually exclusive and are often used in *** tool has unique merits and limitations,and some may be more applicable than others under different *** application of micro-costing tools can produce quality cost estimates and enhance the usefulness of economic evaluations to inform resource allocation decisions.A common method to derive both fixed and variable costs of an intervention involves collecting data from the bottom up for each resource consumed(micro-costing).We scanned economic evaluation literature published in 2008-2018 and identified micro-costing data collection tools *** categorized the identified tools and discuss their practical applications in an example study of health interventions,including their potential strengths and *** economic evaluations of health interventions provide valuable information for justifying resource allocation decisions,planning for implementation,and enhancing the sustainability of the ***,the quality of intervention cost estimates is seldom addressed in the *** cost data forms the foundation of economic evaluations,and without reliable estimates,evaluation results,such as cost-effectiveness measures,could be *** this project,we identified data collection tools often used to obtain reliable data for estimating costs of interventions that prevent and manage chronic conditions and considered practical applications to promote their use.

关键词： estimates mutually cost

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Autoimmune hepatitis

Frontiers of medicine 2015年第2期9卷 187-219页

作者： Farhad Sahebjam john m. Vierling Departments of medicine and Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Baylor-St. Luke's Medical Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease putatively caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte- specific autoantigens. It is characterized by female predilection, elevated aminotransferase levels, autoantibodies, increased y-globulin or IgG levels and biopsy evidence of interface hepatitis. It is currently divided into types 1 and 2, based on expression of autoantibodies. Autoantigenic epitopes have been identified only for the less frequent type 2. Although autoimmune hepatitis occurs in childhood, this review focuses on disease in adults. In the absence of pathognomonic biomarkers, diagnosis requires consideration of clinical, biochemical, serological and histological features, which have been codified into validated diagnostic scoring systems. Since many features also occur in other chronic liver diseases, these scoring systems aid evaluation of the differential diagnosis. New practice guidelines have redefined criteria for remission to include complete biochemical and histological normalization on immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppression is most often successful using prednisone or prednisolone and azathioprine; however, the combination of budesonide and azathioprine for non-cirrhotic patients offers distinct advantages. Patients failing standard immunosuppression are candidates for alternative immunosuppressive regimens, yet none of the options has been studied in a randomized, controlled trial. Overlap syndromes with either primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis occur in a minority. Liver transplantation represents a life-saving option for patients presenting with acute liver failure, severely decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplant recipients are at risk for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis in the allograft, and de novo disease may occur in patients transplanted for other indications. Patients transplanted for AIH are also at risk for recurrent or de novo inflammatory bowel disease. Progress in our understa

关键词： autoimmune hepatitis autoantibodies diagnosis immunological diseases drug-induced liver injury therapy immunosuppression outcomes hepatocellular carcinoma liver transplantation

Heterogeneity across the murine small and large intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15216-15232页

作者： Rowann Bowcutt Ruth Forman maria Glymenaki Simon Richard Carding Kathryn Jane Else Sheena margaret cruickshank Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Department of microbiology New York University Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme Institute of Food Research and the Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East Anglia

The small and large intestine of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) have evolved to have discrete functions with distinct anatomies and immune cell *** importance of these differences is underlined when considering that different pathogens have uniquely adapted to live in each region of the ***,different regions of the GIT are also associated with differences in susceptibility to diseases such as cancer and chronic *** large and small intestine,given their anatomical and functional differences,should be seen as two separate immunological ***,this distinction is often ignored with findings from one area of the GIT being inappropriately extrapolated to the *** largely on the murine small and large intestine,this review addresses the literature relating to the immunology and biology of the two sites,drawing comparisons between them and clarifying similarities and *** also highlight the gaps in our understanding and where further research is needed.

关键词： Large intestine Small intestine Epithelial Immune microbial

Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6338-6347页

作者： Sheena m.cruickshank Nicholas R English Peter J Felsburg Simon R Carding Institute of molecular and Cellular Biology Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Clinical Science

AIm： Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells （DC） in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic DC. mETHODS： Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient （IL2-/-） mice that develop colitis. RESULTS： In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type i myeloid （CD11c^＋, CD11b^＋, B220, CD8） DC made up the largest （40-45%） population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, and had high endooltic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes （mLN）. The majority （〉85%） of DC in the colon and mLN of IL2./ mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of mHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, DEC 205, and CCR5 molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature DC. CONCLUSION： These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon.

关键词： Colonic dendritic cells Interleukin 2 Colitis

Tiger conservation in the Year of the Tiger,2010

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 283-284页

作者： john m.GOODRICH Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkNYUSA

Since the last Year of the Tiger in 1998,the world’s tiger(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)population has declined by nearly 50%,the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis Hilzheimer,1905)may be extinct,tigers have all but disappeared from Cambodia and most of Laos,and tigers were extirpated from two of India’s premier reserves,Panna and Sariska(Walston et al.2010).Analyses of available habitat in 2006 demonstrated that tiger range had contracted 93%in the past 150 years(Dinerstein et al.2007).But as field conservationists began to search the remaining 7%,a more alarming trend become clear:many areas with good habitat were devoid of tigers due to unchecked poaching of tigers and their *** high black-market value of tigers-primarily fueled by the Traditional Chinese medicine market-makes the conservation challenges more similar to those of rhinos than of other big cats.

关键词： habitat Panthera checked

Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy: a review

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 59-69页

作者： john S.m.Chang Department of Ophthalmology Hong Kong Sanatorium&Hospital8/FLi Shu Pui BlockPhase II2 Village RoadHappy ValleyHong KongChina

Background:Astigmatic keratotomy(AK)remains an accessible means to correct surgically induced or naturally occurring *** advantages of femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy(FSAK)over conventional methods have been recognized *** text:This review evaluates the efficacy,complications,and different methods of FSAK for correction of astigmatism in native eyes and those that underwent previous penetrating keratoplasty(PKP).The penetrating and intrastromal FSAK(IFSAK)techniques can reduce post-keratoplasty astigmatism by 35.4%to 84.77%and 23.53%to 89.42%,*** native eyes,the penetrating and IFSAK techniques reduce astigmatism by 26.8%to 58.62%and 36.3%to 58%respectively,implying that the magnitude of the astigmatic reduction is comparable between the two FSAK ***,IFSAK offers the additional advantages of almost no risk of infection,wound gape,and epithelial *** use of nomograms,anterior-segment optical coherence tomography,and consideration of posterior cornea and corneal biomechanics are helpful to enhance the efficacy and safety of *** complications of FSAK in eyes that underwent PKP include overcorrection,visual loss,microperforations,infectious keratitis,allograft rejection,and *** reported difficulties in native eyes include overcorrection,anterior gas breakthrough,and suction ***:In eyes that underwent PKP,FSAK effectively reduces high regular or irregular astigmatism,with rare and manageable ***,the drawbacks of the procedure include the potential loss of visual acuity and low *** native eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery,IFSAK is a good choice to correct low astigmatism(matism from the posterior cornea needs to be considered in the nomograms for native eyes undergoing refractive cataract *** further improve the efficacy of FSAK,more large-scale ra

关键词： Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy Post-keratoplasty astigmatism Astigmatism correction Refractive surgery

Recent advances in extraction of antioxidants from plant by-products processing industries

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第1期1卷 61-81页

作者： m.Selvamuthukumaran john Shi Department of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology Institute of TechnologyHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia Guelph Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphOntario N1G 5C9Canada

The by-products obtained from plant processing industries are the cheap source of bioactive compounds especially *** of bioactive compounds can be obtained by using conventional and non-conventional *** efficiency of any conventional method mainly depends on the choice of *** major challenges of conventional extraction are longer extraction time,requirement of costly and high purity solvent,evaporation of the huge amount of solvent,low extraction selectivity,and thermal decomposition of thermolabile *** overcome these limitations of conventional extraction methods,new and promising extraction techniques are *** techniques are referred as non-conventional extraction ***,in this review,some of the most promising techniques such as ultrasoundassisted extraction,pulsed electric field extraction,enzyme-assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,pressurized liquid extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,pressurized low-polarity water extraction,and molecular distillation were *** process systems along with industrial applications for non-conventional method of antioxidants extraction were discussed,and the comparative efficacies of different extraction methods were *** conventional technologies by non-conventional ones for the extraction of valuable compounds from plant by-products processing industries has several advantages,which includes reduction of the processing time,energy consumption,and the uses of harmful and expensive solvents and increase in the extraction *** and development of hybrid methods should be investigated,while considering plant material characteristics and choice of compounds in *** choice of standard methods also influences the measurement of extraction *** increasing economic significance of bioactive compounds and commodities rich in these bioactive compounds may lead to find out more sophi

关键词： Antioxidants Extraction Non-conventional methods Plant by-products Pulsed electric field extraction Ultrasoundassisted extraction