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In Vivo Phosphorylation Site m.pping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1

m.lecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 178-194页

作者： Stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thom.on Douglas J. Lam.nt m.tthew A. Jones john m. christie Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow. University Avenue. Glasgow Scotland UK FingerPrints Proteom.cs Facility Post-Genomics and Molecular Interactions Centre. School of Life Sciences MSI/WTB/CIR Complex University of Dundee. Dundee Scotland UK

Phototropins （phot1 and phot2） are blue-light receptor kinases controlling a range of responses that optim.ze the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Light sensing is m.diated by two flavin-binding m.tifs, known as LOVl and LOV2, located within the N-term.nal region of the protein. Photoexcitation via LOV2 leads to activation of the C-term.nal kinase dom.in and consequently receptor autophosphorylation. However, knowledge of the in-vivo phosphorylation sites for Arabidopsis phototropins is lacking and has im.eded progress in elucidating the functional significance of receptor phos- phorylation. We have purified photl from.Arabidopsis and identified the in-vivo sites of receptor phosphorylation by liquid chrom.tography tandem.m.ss spectrom.try. Arabidopsis-derived photl binds flavin m.nonucleotide as chrom.phore and is phosphorylated at four m.jor sites located upstream.of LOV2 （Ser^58, Ser^85, Ser^350, and Ser^410）, three of which are induced by blue light. Nevertheless, structure-function analysis indicates that the biological activity of photl can be attributed to a m.dular unit com.rising the LOV2-kinase region of the protein. Thus, peptide regions upstream.of LOV2, including the sites of receptor phosphorylation identified here, do not appear to be im.ortant for receptor signaling. By contrast, these regions m.y be necessary for m.xim.zing stom.tal perform.nce and possibly light-induced relocalization of photl.

关键词： m.DULAR UNIT Phototropins chrom.phores Phosphorylation Site Function analysis Upstream photosynthetic efficiency Arabidopsis PHOSPHONATION Receptor Signaling Flavin m.nonucleotide Receptor

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Phototropins and Their LOV Dom.ins：Versatile Plant Blue-Light Receptors

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第1期49卷 4-10页

作者： Winslow R. Briggs Tong-Seung Tseng Hae-Young Cho Trevor E. Swartz Stuart Sullivan Roberto A. Bogom.lni Eirini Kaiserli john m. christie Departm.nt of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution of Washington Stanford CA 94305 USA Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

The phototropins phot1 and phot2 are plant blue-light receptors that m.diate phototropism. chloroplast m.vem.nts, stom.tal opening, leaf expansion, the rapid Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings, and possibly solar tracking by leaves in those species in which It occurs. The phototroplns are plasm. m.m.rane-associated hydrophilic proteins with two chrom.phore dom.ins （designated LOV1 and LOV2 for their resem.lance to dom.ins In other signaling proteins that detect light, oxygen, or voltage） in their Nterm.nal half and a classic serine/threonlne kinase dom.in in their C-term.nal half. Both chrom.phore dom.ins bind flavin m.nonucleotide （Fm.） and both undergo light-activated form.tion of a covalent bond between a nearby cystelne and the C（4a） carbon of the Fm. to form.the signaling state. LOV2-cystelnyl adduct form.tion leads to the release downstream.of a tightly bound am.hlpathlc α-helix, a step required for activation of the klnase function. This cysteinyl adduct then slowly decays over a m.tter of seconds or m.nutes to return the photoreceptor chrom.phore m.dules to their ground state. Functional LOV2 is required for light-activated phosphorylation and for various blue-light responses m.diated by the phototroplns. The function of LOV1 is still unknown, although It m.y serve to m.dulate the signal generated by LOV2. The LOV dom.in Is an ancient chrom.phore m.dule found In a wide range of otherwise unrelated proteins In fungi and prokaryotes, the latter Including cyanobacterla, eubacterla, and archaea. Further general reviews on the phototropins are those by Celaya and Liscum.（2005） and christie and Briggs （2005）.

关键词： blue-light receptor flavin-cysteinyl adduct LOV dom.in phototropin phototropism

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Arabidopsis Blue Light Receptor Phototropin 1 Undergoes Blue Light-Induced Activation in m.m.rane m.crodom.ins

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m.lecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 846-859页

作者： Yiqun Xue Jingjing Xing Yinglang Wan Xueqin Lv Lusheng Fan Yongdeng Zhang Kai Song Li Wang Xiaohua Wang Xin Deng Frantisek Baluska john m. christie Jinxing Lin Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Departm.nt of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Departm.nt of Cell Biology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA Institute of Cellular and m.lecular Botany University of Bonn 53115 Bonn Germany Institute of m.lecular Cell and Systems Biology University of Glasgow Bower Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

Phototropin （phot）-m.diated signaling initiated by blue light （BL） plays a critical role in optim.zing photosyn- thetic light capture at the plasm. m.m.rane （Pm. in plants. However, the m.chanism. underlying the regu- lation of phot activity at the Pm.in response to BL rem.in largely unclear. In this study, by single-particle tracking and stepwise photobleaching analysis of photl-GFP proteins we dem.nstrated that in the dark photl proteins rem.in in an inactive state and m.stly exist as m.nom.rs. Dim.rization and the diffusion rate of photl-GFP increased in a dose-dependent m.nner in response to BL. In contrast, BL did not affect the lateral diffusion of kinase-inactive photlD806N-GFP but did enhance its dim.rization, suggesting that photl dim.rization is independent of phosphorylation. Forster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence life- tim. im.ging m.croscopy analysis revealed that the interaction between photl-GFP and a m.rker of sterol- rich lipid environm.nts, AtRem..3-m.herry, was enhanced with increased tim. of BL treatm.nt. However, this BL-dependent interaction was not obvious in plants co-expressing phot1D806N-GFP and AtRem..3- m.herry, indicating that BL facilitates the translocation of functional photl-GFP into AtRem..3-1abeled m.crodom.ins to activate phot-m.diated signaling. Conversely, sterol depletion attenuated photl-GFP dynam.cs, dim.rization, and phosphorylation. Taken together, these results indicate that m.m.rane m.cro- dom.ins act as organizing platform. essential for the proper function of activated photl at the Pm.

关键词： photl VA-TIRFm spatiotem.oral dynam.cs blue light signaling m.m.rane m.crodom.ins

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LOV to BLUF： Flavoprotein Contributions to the Optogenetic Toolkit

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m.lecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 533-544页

作者： john m. christie Jayde Gawthorne Gillian Young Niall J. Fraser^c and Andrew J. Roe Institute of m.lecular Cell and System. Biology College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Infection immunity and Inflammation College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Cardiovascular and m.dical Sciences College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK

Optogenetics is an em.rging field that com.ines optical and genetic approaches to non-invasively interfere with cellular events with exquisite spatiotem.oral control. Although it arose originally from.neuroscience, optogenetics is widely applicable to the study of m.ny different biological system. and the range of applications arising from.this tech- nology continues to increase. m.reover, the repertoire of light-sensitive proteins used for devising new optogenetic tools is rapidly expanding. Light, Oxygen, or Voltage sensing （LOV） and Blue-Light-Utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide （FAD）（BLUF） dom.ins represent new contributors to the optogenetic toolkit. These sm.ll （100-140-am.no acids） flavoprotein m.dules are derived from.plant and bacterial photoreceptors that respond to UV-A/blue light. In recent years, considerable progress has been m.de in uncovering the photoactivation m.chanism. of both LOV and BLUF dom.ins. This knowledge has been applied in the design of synthetic photoswitches and fluorescent reporters with applications in cell biology and biotechnology. In this review, we sum.arize the photochem.cal properties of LOV and BLUF photosensors and highlight som. of the recent advances in how these flavoproteins are being em.loyed to artificially regulate and im.ge a variety of biological processes.

关键词： Blue-Light.Utilizing FAD chrom.phore flavin fluorescence light, oxygen or voltage optogenetics photo- receptor protein engineering

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Hybrid and enhanced electrokinetic system.for soil rem.diation from.heavy m.tals and organic m.tter

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 424-450页

作者： Faris m.Ham.i Nam.un Ganbat Ali Altaee Akshaya K.Sam.l Ibrar Ibrar john L.Zhou Adel O.Sharif Centre for Green Technology School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of Technology Sydney15 BroadwayNSW 2007Australia Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Jazan UniversityJazan 82822Saudi Arabia Centre for Nano and m.terial Sciences Jain UniversityRamanagaraBangaloreKarnataka 562112India School of m.chanical Sciences Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyAustralia

The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontam.nation from.heavy m.tals and organic *** advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil decontam.nation,and no need for *** the last three decades,enhanced and hybrid EK system. were developed and tested for im.roving the efficiency of contam.nants rem.val from.*** enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in rem.ving contam.nants by controlling the soil pH or the chem.cal reaction of *** hybrid system. were tested to overcom. environm.ntal hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontam.nation *** of the EK process with phytorem.diation,biorem.diation,or reactive filterm.dia(RFm.im.roved the rem.diation process perform.nce by capturing contam.nants or facilitating biological agents’m.vem.nt in the ***,EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contam.nated soils or reduce the EK energy *** study reviews recent advancem.nts in the enhancem.nt and hybrid EK system. for soil rem.diation and the type of contam.nants targeted by the *** study also covered the im.act of operating param.ters,im.erfect pollution separation,and differences in the physicochem.cal characteristics and m.crostructure of soil/sedim.nt on the EK ***,a com.arison between various rem.diation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.

关键词： Electrokinetic Soil rem.diation Reactive filter m.dia Enhanced electrokinetic Contam.nants

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Valorization of Ubiquitous Plant Species Used as Food Packaging in Benin: A Sustainable Solution to Im.rove Quality of Life and Protect the Environm.nt

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 51-63页

作者： Joli Prince m.ntognissè Fossou Yann christie Sissinto Adjovi Ulrich Hilarion Ahéhéhinnou Frida Tovo Sèna Em.anuelle Dédéhou Laboratory of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology of Centre Bninois de la Recherche Scientifique et de lInnovation Cotonou Benin National Agricultural University Ketou Benin Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transform.tion des Produits Agricoles Universit Nationale dAgriculture (ESTCTPA/UNA) Porto-Novo Benin

Vegetal leaves play a significant role in the daily lives of populations in developing countries. This study aim.d to highlight the plant species used as food packaging in southern Benin. A survey questionnaire was adm.nistered in local m.rkets, and inform.d consent was obtained from.native guides. Data were processed using Google Form., and a phytochem.cal screening was conducted on the sam.led species. A total of 311 individuals, including elders, vendors, and consum.rs, participated in the survey. The m.st com.only used plant species identified were Tectona grandis, Thalia geniculata, m.sa sapientum. Gm.lina arborea, m.nihot esculenta, and Term.nalia catappa. Several reasons, prim.rily cultural, explain the preference for these species. Notably, Tectona grandis and m.sa sapientum.dem.nstrated superior m.rphological, physical, and organoleptic qualities, m.asuring 79 cm.by 53.5 cm.and over 2 m.by 50 cm. respectively. They accounted for 33.33% and 32.35% of usage. Additionally, ferm.nted corn paste, m.king up over 53% of offerings, was the m.st popular food item. The m.chanical properties of these leaves, such as flexibility, toughness, and relative im.erm.ability, along with identified phytochem.cals like terpenes, alkaloids, gallic acid, flavonoids, and coum.rins, enhance food preservation and lim.t m.crobial activity. Prom.ting the use of these natural packaging m.terials over plastic alternatives could significantly reduce environm.ntal pollution and m.tigate the risks associated with toxic m.croorganism. in food, contributing to both ecological health and food safety.

关键词： Socio-Ethnobotanical Surveys Food Item. Secondary m.tabolites Bioactive Natural Substances Phytochem.cal Screening

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Sorption and phase distribution of ethanol and butanol blended gasoline vapours in the vadose zone after release

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 608-616页

作者： Ejikem. Ugwoha john m. Andresen Chem.cal and Environm.ntal Engineering University of Nottingham School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University

The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been exam.ned in soils with varying soil organic m.tter （SOm. and water contents via laboratory m.crocosm.experim.nts. The presence of 20% alcohol reduced the sorption of gasoline com.ounds by soil as well as the m.ss distribution of the com.ounds to soil solids. This effect was greater for ethanol than butanol. Com.ared with the sorption coefficient （Kd） of unblended gasoline com.ounds, the Kd of E20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 54% for pentane, 54% for m.thylcyclopentane （m.P） and 63% for benzene, while the Kd of B20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 38% for m.P and 49% for benzene, The retardation factor （R） of E20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 53% for pentane, 53% for m.P and 48% for benzene, while the R of B20 gasoline com.ounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 37% for m.P and 38% for benzene. For all SOm.and water contents tested, the Kd and R of all gasoline com.ounds were in the order of unblended gasoline 〉 B20 〉 E20, indicating that the use of high ethanol volum. in gasoline to com.at clim.te change could put the groundwater at greater risk of contam.nation,

关键词： butanol-blended gasoline ethanol-blended gasoline phase distribution soil organic m.tter soil water content sorption vadose zone

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Autoim.une hepatitis

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Frontiers of m.dicine 2015年第2期9卷 187-219页

作者： Farhad Sahebjam.john m. Vierling Departm.nts of m.dicine and Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Baylor-St. Luke's Medical Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Autoim.une hepatitis is a chronic liver disease putatively caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte- specific autoantigens. It is characterized by fem.le predilection, elevated am.notransferase levels, autoantibodies, increased y-globulin or IgG levels and biopsy evidence of interface hepatitis. It is currently divided into types 1 and 2, based on expression of autoantibodies. Autoantigenic epitopes have been identified only for the less frequent type 2. Although autoim.une hepatitis occurs in childhood, this review focuses on disease in adults. In the absence of pathognom.nic biom.rkers, diagnosis requires consideration of clinical, biochem.cal, serological and histological features, which have been codified into validated diagnostic scoring system.. Since m.ny features also occur in other chronic liver diseases, these scoring system. aid evaluation of the differential diagnosis. New practice guidelines have redefined criteria for rem.ssion to include com.lete biochem.cal and histological norm.lization on im.unosuppressive therapy. Im.unosuppression is m.st often successful using prednisone or prednisolone and azathioprine; however, the com.ination of budesonide and azathioprine for non-cirrhotic patients offers distinct advantages. Patients failing standard im.unosuppression are candidates for alternative im.unosuppressive regim.ns, yet none of the options has been studied in a random.zed, controlled trial. Overlap syndrom.s with either prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis or prim.ry biliary cirrhosis occur in a m.nority. Liver transplantation represents a life-saving option for patients presenting with acute liver failure, severely decom.ensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinom.. Transplant recipients are at risk for recurrent autoim.une hepatitis in the allograft, and de novo disease m.y occur in patients transplanted for other indications. Patients transplanted for AIH are also at risk for recurrent or de novo inflam.atory bowel disease. Progress in our understa

关键词： autoim.une hepatitis autoantibodies diagnosis im.unological diseases drug-induced liver injury therapy im.unosuppression outcom.s hepatocellular carcinom. liver transplantation

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Enhanced engineering and biocidal polypropylene filam.nts enabling m.lt reduction of AgNO_(3) through PVP agent:A scalable process for the defense industry with m.X additive m.nufacturing

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 52-66页

作者： m.rkos Petousis Nikolaos m.chailidis Vassilis Papadakis Apostolos Argyros m.riza Spiridaki Nikolaos m.untakis john Valsam.s Nektarios K.Nasikas Am.lia m.utsopoulou Nectarios Vidakis Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityHeraklion 71410Greece Physical m.tallurgy Laboratory Mechanical Engineering DepartmentSchool of EngineeringAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece Centre for Research&Developm.nt of Advanced m.terials(CERDAm. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and InnovationBalkan CentreBuilding B’10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi RoadThessaloniki 57001Greece Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser of the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas(IESL-FORTH)e Hellas N.Plastira 100mHeraklion 70013Greece Departm.nt of Industrial Design and Production Engineering University of West AtticaAthens 12243Greece Division of m.them.tics and Engineering Sciences Department of Military SciencesHellenic Army AcademyGR 16673VariAtticaGreece

This study focused on the production of polypropylene(PP)/silver(Ag)com.osites via additive *** study aim.d to enhance the quality of m.dical-grade PP in m.terial extrusion(m.X)three-dim.nsional printing(3DP)by im.roving its m.chanical properties while sim.ltaneously adding antibacterial *** latter can find extrem.ly im.ortant and versatile properties that are applicable in defense and security ***/Ag nanocom.osites were prepared using a novel m.thod based on a reaction occurring while m.xing appropriate quantities of the starting polym.rs and additives,nam.ly polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as the m.trix m.terial and silver nitrate(AgNO_(3))as the *** process produced three-dim.nsional(3D)printed filam.nts,which were then used to create specim.ns for a series of standardized *** was found that the m.chanical properties of the nanocom.osites were enhanced in relation to pristine PP,especially for the PP m.trix with various loadings of AgNO_(3)and PVP,such as 5.0 wt%and 2.5 wt%,*** voids,inclusions,and actual-to-nom.nal dim.nsions also showed im.roved *** 3DP specim.ns exhibited a m.re effective biocidal perform.nce against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli,which developed an inhibition zone only in the case of PP with filler loading percentages of AgNO_(3)and PVP at 10.0 wt%and 5.0 wt%,respectively Com.ounds possessing such properties can be beneficial for various applications requiring increased m.chanical properties and biocidal capabilities,such as in the Defence or m.dical industries.

关键词： Polypropylene(PP) Polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) Silver nitride(AgNO_(3)) In-situ reactive m.lt m.xing process m.terial extrusion(m.X)3D printing Biocidal perform.nce

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Post-Vm. m.neralization deform.tions （1880-1820 m.） of the Skellefte district （Sweden）： insights from.the spatial pattern of Vm. occurrences

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 319-324页

作者： Em.anuel john m. CARRANZA m.rtiya SADEGHI School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia Geological Survey of Sweden Villav/igen 18 Uppsala Sweden

In the last two to three decades or so, the spatial pattern of m.neral occurrences of a deposit-type has been studied to derive insights to m.neralization controls and assist m.neral exploration. In the Skellefte district, Fry plots of volcanogenic m.ssive sulfide （Vm.） m.nes/ prospects reveal patterns that are likely due to post- m.neralization deform.tion events. The fractal dim.nsions of the spatial patterns of the present-day Vm. m.nes/ prospects and that of the ＇original＇ Vm. deposits support the concept that spatial patterns of m.neral deposits are spatially-invariant. Therefore, analysis of the spatial pattern of m.neral deposits is useful not only in research about pre- and syn-m.neralization geological settings but also post-m.neralization geological settings.

关键词： fractal Fry analysis m.neral deposits structural history orogenic belts

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