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Behavioral responses to spatial heterogeneity in endangered Ganges River dolphins(Platanista gangetica gangetica)

Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 67-76页

作者： Shambhu Paudel john l.Koprowski Usha Thakuri Yukiko Sasaki-Yamamoto Shiro Kohshima School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona1064 East Lowell StreetTucsonAZ85721USA Tribhuvan University Institute of ForestryPost Box:43PokharaNepal Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources University of WyomingBim Kendall House804 E Fremont StLaramieWY82072USA Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8203Japan

Globally,the threat of endangerment and extinction of small cetaceans was highlighted after the recent extinction of the Chinese River dolphin or Baiji(lipotes vexillifer).Species with a small population size and a limited geographic range,such as Ganges River dolphins(GRD),are more vulnerable to *** social and behavioral needs of cetaceans have been identified as potential factors increasing their vulnerability to human ***,little is known about how GRD adapt their behaviors and diel activity patterns to spatiotemporal *** this paper,we examined the underwater behavior of GRDs in Nepal by collecting echolocation clicks from three spatially stratified habitats in the Sapta Koshi River system over a six-month *** research found that GRDs behave differently in response to spatial heterogeneity,indicating diverse environmental requirements for GRD *** activity and duration varied across habitats but not across time of day,suggesting that GRD behaviors are likely to be regulated by habitat structure regardless of the time of ***,GRD consistently exhibited nocturnal activity peaks even when diurnal activity varied *** indicates that river dolphins may favor nocturnal refuges as a reaction to human disturbance in highly regulated *** human disturbances in conjunction with habitat heterogeneity can improve the persistence of riverine ***,we document behavioral and ecological information pertaining to GRD,which is essential to the formation of river dolphin recovery plans that link ecological perspectives to planning and management.

关键词： Ganges river dolphin Behavior Acoustic Ecology Nepal

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Configuration-Sensitive Molecular Sensing on Doped Graphene Sheets

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Nano Research 2010年第7期3卷 472-480页

作者： john Russell Petr Král Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

We show by molecular dynamics simulations that configuration-sensitive molecular spectroscopy can be realized on optimally doped graphene sheets vibrated by an oscillatory electric *** selectivity of the spectroscopy is achieved by maximizing Coulombic binding between the detected molecule and a specific nest,formed for this molecule on the graphene sheet by substituting selected carbon atoms with boron and nitrogen *** can detect binding of different isomers to the nest from the frequency shifts of selected vibrational modes of the combined *** an illustrative example,we simulate detection of hexanitrostilbene enantiomers in chiral nests formed on graphene.

关键词： Molecular sensing enantiomer graphene functionalization molecular dynamics

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Cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores in Cannabis sativa l.

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 131-140页

作者： George M.Stack Stephen I.Snyder Jacob A.Toth Michael A.Quade Jamie l.Crawford john K.McKay john Nicholas Jackowetz Ping Wang Glenn Philippe Julie l.Hansen Virginia M.Moore Jocelyn K.C.Rose lawrence B.Smart Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Plant Breeding Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Cirona labs GenevaNY 14456United States Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States

In the decades since the first cannabinoids were identified by scientists,research has focused almost exclusively on the function and capacity of cannabinoids asmedicines and intoxicants for humans and other *** little is knownabout the adaptive value of cannabinoid production,though several hypotheses have been proposed including protection from ultraviolet radiation,pathogens,and *** test the prediction that genotypeswith greater concentrations of cannabinoidswill have reduced herbivory,a segregating F2 population of Cannabis sativa was leveraged to conduct lab-and field-based bioassays investigating the function of cannabinoids in mediating interactions with chewing *** the field,foliar cannabinoid concentration was inversely correlated with chewing herbivore *** detached leaves,Trichoplusia ni larvae consumed less leaf area and grew less when feeding on leaves with greater concentrations of *** electron and light microscopy were used to characterize variation in glandular trichome ***-free genotypes had trichomes that appeared *** isolate cannabinoids from confounding factors,artificial insect diet was amended with cannabinoids in a range of physiologically relevant *** grew less and had lower rates of survival as cannabinoid concentration *** results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores.

关键词： function founding ultraviolet

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Familial aggregation of esophageal cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第21期136卷 2644-2646页

作者： Shuai li john lHopper Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVIC 3053Australia Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB18RNUK Precision Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3051Australia

Esophageal cancer has a substantial health burden in China,especially in the northern *** family history has been found to be associated with esophageal cancer risk,some quantitative aspects of the association remain unclear or imprecise,including the age-specific magnitude of familial aggregation,the risks associated with the number and type of affected relatives,and how the familial risk combines with other known risk factors.

关键词： esophageal cancer aggregation

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A data directory to facilitate investigations on worldwide wildlife trafficking

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Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 338-348页

作者： Meredith l.Gore Rowan Hilend Jonathan OPrell Emily Griffin john R.Macdonald Burcu B.Keskin Aaron Ferber Bistra Dilkina Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA Department of Supply Chain Management Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUSA Department of Information Sciences Statisticsand Management ScienceUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaUSA Operations and Information Management Division Babson CollegeWellesleyUSA Supply Chain Management Department of ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA Verterbi School of Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA

Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental *** exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered by a suite of data reuse *** describe a novel,open-access data directory on wildlife trafficking and a corresponding visualization tool that can be used to identify data for multiple purposes,such as exploring wildlife trafficking hotspots and convergence points with other crime,discovering key drivers or deterrents of wildlife trafficking,and uncovering structural *** searches,expert elicitation,and peer-reviewed publications were used to search for extant sources used by industry and non-profit organizations,as well as those leveraged to publish academic research *** open-access data directory is designed to be a living document and searchable according to multiple *** directory can be instrumental in the data-driven analysis of unsustainable illegal wildlife trade,supply chain structure via link prediction models,the value of demand and supply reduction initiatives via multi-item knapsack problems,or trafficking behavior and transportation choices via network interdiction problems.

关键词： Illegal wildlife trade supply chain operations management interdiction conservation

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Integration of the Coupled Orbit-Attitude Dynamics Using Modified Chebyshev-Picard Iteration Methods

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2016年第2期111卷 129-146页

作者： Xiaoli Bai john l.Junkins Rutgers The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJU.S.A Texas A&M College StationTXU.S.A

This paper presents Modified Chebyshev-Picard Iteration(MCPI)methods for long-term integration of the coupled orbit and attitude *** most orbit predictions for operational satellites have assumed that the attitude dynamics is decoupled from the orbit dynamics,the fully coupled dynamics is required for the solutions of uncontrolled space debris and space objects with high area-to-mass ratio,for which cross sectional area is constantly changing leading to significant change on the solar radiation pressure and atmospheric *** is a set of methods for solution of initial value problems and boundary value *** methods refine an orthogonal function approximation of long-time-interval segments of state trajectories iteratively by fusing Chebyshev polynomials with the classical Picard iteration and have been applied to multiple challenging aerospace *** the studies on integrating a torque-free rigid body rotation and a long-term integration of the coupled orbit-attitude dynamics through the effect of solar radiation pressure,MCPI methods are shown to achieve several times speedup over the Runge-Kutta 7(8)methods with several orders of magnitudes of better *** methods are further optimized by integrating the decoupled dynamics at the beginning of the iteration and coupling the full dynamics when the attitude solutions and orbit solutions are converging during the *** approach of decoupling and then coupling during iterations provides a unique and promising perspective on the way to warm start the solution process for the longterm integration of the coupled orbit-attitude ***,an attractive feature of MCPI in maintaining the unity constraint for the integration of quaternions within machine accuracy is illustrated to be very appealing.

关键词： Orbit propagation orbit-attitude dynamics Modified Chebyshev-Picard Iteration(MCPI)Methods

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ANAlYSIS OF COMPOSITE lAMINATE BEAMS USING COUPlING CROSS-SECTION FINITE ElEMENT METHOD

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2006年第12期27卷 1709-1718页

作者：姜文光 john l.Henshall School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004Hebei ProvinceP. R. China Department of Aerospace Engineering University of BristolBS8 1TRUK Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG1 4BUUK

Beams and plates manufactured from laminates of composite materials have distinct advantages in a significant number of applications. However, the anisotropy arising from these materials adds a significant degree of complexity, and thus time, to the stress and deformation analyses of such components, even using numerical approaches such as finite elements. The analysis of composite laminate beams subjected to uniform extension, bending, and/or twisting loads was performed by a novel implementation of the usual finite element method. Due to the symmetric features of the deformations, only a thin slice of the beam to be analysed needs to be modelled. Conventional threedimensional solid finite elements were used for the structural discretization. The accurate deformation relationships were formulated and implemented through the coupling of nodal translational degrees of freedom in the numerical analysis. A sample solution for a rectangular composite laminate beam is presented to show the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.

关键词： composite material beam coupling equation finite element method extension bending torsion

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Towards estimating shade response of bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)using field-based photosynthetic properties

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Grass Research 2022年第1期2卷 20-25,I0001-I0004页

作者： Jonathon l.Fox David Jespersen lisa l.Baxter john l.Snider Marc W.van Iersel Brian M.Schwartz Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia2360 Rainwater Rd.TiftonGA 31794USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia1109 Experiment St.GriffinGA 30223USA Department of Horticulture University of Georgia1111 Plant Science BuildingAthensGA 30602USA

Shade tolerance is a highly desirable trait when breeding new bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)lines,but current screening methods can take many years to *** is a clear need for large-scale turfgrass breeding programs to reliably,accurately,and quickly predict shade tolerance in their *** objectives of this research were to:(i)build custom chambers to reproducibly estimate photosynthetic characteristics from turfgrass canopies at different light intensities and(ii)determine which photosynthetic characteristics are indicative of past shade performance.A custom-built chamber was constructed to determine average photosynthetic characteristics for the whole plant by studying the turfgrass canopy at natural leaf angles for light *** tolerant(11-T-56)and shade sensitive(Tifway)bermudagrass cultivars were used to examine the effectiveness of the chamber within an array of photosynthetic characteristics when the grasses were grown in full-sun and 73%shade *** compensation point,chlorophyll content,quantum yield,dark respiration rate,and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were evaluated in this *** on the results of this study,the authors recommend that light compensation point or maximum quantum yield be further evaluated as an accurate indicator of shade tolerance when performed in the field on spring days with grasses grown in full sun or 73%shade *** Rd rates and ambient temperatures on spring days appear to minimize unexplained variance in the data,which would allow researchers to better detect genotypic differences during this season.

关键词： breeding field estimating

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Functional recovery and muscle atrophy in pre-clinical models of peripheral nerve transection and gap-grafting in mice:effects of 4-aminopyridine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 439-444页

作者： Jung Il lee M A Hassan Talukder Zara Karuman Anagha A.Gurjar Prem Kumar Govindappa Jagadeeshaprasad M.Guddadarangaiah Kristen M.Manto Grant D.Wandling john P.Hegarty David l.Waning john C.Elfar Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational ScienceThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Korea University Guro HospitalSeoulSouth Korea Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA

We recently demonstrated a repurposing beneficial effect of 4-aminopyridine(4-AP),a potassium channel blocker,on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush injury in ***,this effect of 4-AP is unknown in nerve transection,gap,and grafting *** evaluate and compare the functional recovery,nerve morphology,and muscle atrophy,we used a novel stepwise nerve transection with gluing(STG),as well as 7-mm irreparable nerve gap(G-7/0)and 7-mm isografting in 5-mm gap(G-5/7)models in the absence and presence of 4-AP *** surgery,sciatic functional index was determined wee kly to evaluate the direct in vivo global motor functional *** 12 weeks,nerves were processed for whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging,and tibialis anterior muscles were harvested for wet weight and quantitative histomorphological analyses for muscle fiber crosssectional area and minimal Feret's *** post-injury sciatic functional index values in STG and G-5/7 models were significantly greater than those in the G-7/0 model.4-AP did not affect the sciatic functional index recovery in any *** to STG,nerve imaging revealed more misdirected axons and distorted nerve architecture with *** muscle weight,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter were significantly smaller in G-7/0 model compared with STG and G-5/7,4-AP treatment significantly increased right TA muscle mass,cross-sectional area,and minimal Feret's diameter in G-7/0 *** findings demonstrate that functional recovery and muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury are directly related to the intervening nerve gap,and 4-AP exerts diffe rential effects on functional recove ry and muscle atrophy.

关键词： 4-aminopyridine functional recovery muscle atrophy nerve gap nerve grafting nerve imaging nerve transection

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Altered serotonin metabolism in Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 knockout mice protects against diet-induced hepatic fibrosis

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liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 214-226页

作者： Jessica M.Ferrell Matthew Dilts Zachary Stahl Shannon Boehme Sabita Pokhrel Xinwen Wang john Y.l.Chiang Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Background and aims:Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome can trigger the progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis,which is a major public health *** acids regulate metabolic homeostasis and inflammation in the liver and gut via the activation of nuclear farnesoid X receptor(Fxr)and the membrane receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(Tgr5).Tgr5 is highly expressed in the gut and skeletal muscle,and in cholangiocytes and Kupffer cells of the ***5 is implicated in the mediation of liver and gut inflammation,as well as the maintenance of energy ***,we used a high fat,high fructose,and high sucrose(HFS)diet to determine how bile acid signaling through Tgr5 may regulate metabolism during the progression from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and *** and methods:Female C57Bl/6J control wild type(WT)and Tgr5 knockout(Tgr5^(-/-))mice were fed HFS(high fat(40%kcal),high fructose,and 20%sucrose water)diet for 20 *** phe-notypes were characterized through examination of bile acid synthesis pathways,lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways,and fibrosis and inflammation ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice were more glucose intolerant when fed HFS diet,despite gaining the same amount of weight as WT ***5^(-/-)mice accumulated significantly more hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides on HFS diet compared to WT mice,and gene expression of lipogenic genes was significantly *** cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7a1)gene expression was consistently elevated in Tgr5^(-/-)mice,while oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7b1),sterol 27-hydroxylase(Cyp27a1),Fxr,and small heterodimer partner(Shp)were downregulated by HFS ***,hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Tgr5^(-/-)mice fed HFS diet,which may be due to altered se-rotonin signaling in the ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice may be protected from high fat,high sugar-

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD) liver fibrosis Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Serotonin(5-HT) High fat,high fructose,and high sucrose (HFS)

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