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Prostate cancer upgrading or downgrading of.biopsy Gleason scores at radical prostatectomy:prediction of.regression to the mean"using routine clinical f.atures with correlating biochemical relapse rates

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Asian Journal of.Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 598-604页

作者： Muammer Altok Patricia Troncoso Mary f.Achim Surena f.Matin Graciela N Gonzalez john W Davis Department of.Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of.Pathology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of.Biostatistics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA.

Recommendations f.r managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important *** to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is of.en the ratio nale f.r costly imaging or genomic *** prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of.clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at *** May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Af.er exclusions,we identif.ed a GS 6 cohort of.374 patients and a GS 8cohort of.91 *** this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)*** GS 6,265(70.9%)of.374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible f.r AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of.which 57.9%were *** f.atures that predicted a>90%chanceof.upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum f.ci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.f.r GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was signif.cantly higher f.r single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of.GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown *** coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of.GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations.

关键词： biopsy down grade Gleas on score prostate cancer upgrade

Extra-skeletal manif.stations in mice af.ected by Clcn7-dependent autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 clinical and therapeutic implications

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Bone Research 2019年第2期7卷 195-209页

作者： Antonio Maurizi Mattia Capulli Annabel Curle Rajvi Patel Argia Ucci Juliana Alves Cotes Harriet Oxf.rd Shireen R. Lamandé john f. Bateman Nadia Rucci Anna Teti Department of.Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and University of.Melbourne MelbourneAustralia

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2) is a high-density brittle bone disease characterized by bone pain,multiple f.actures and skeletal-related events,including nerve compression syndrome and hematological *** demonstrated that in mice carrying the heterozygous Clcn7^G213R mutation,whose human mutant homolog CLCN7^G215R af.ects patients,the clinical impacts of.ADO2 extend beyond the skeleton,af.ecting several other *** hallmark of.the extra-skeletal alterations is a consistent perivascular f.brosis,associated with high numbers of.macrophages and lymphoid *** clinical inf.rmation in a small cohort of.patients conf.rms extra-skeletal alterations consistent with a systemic disease,in line with the observation that the CLCN7 gene is expressed in many ***2 mice also show anxiety and depression and their brains exhibit not only perivascular f.brosis but also β-amyloid accumulation and astrogliosis,suggesting the involvement of.the nervous system in the pathogenesis of.the ADO2 extra-skeletal ***-skeletal organs share a similar cellular pathology,conf.rmed also in vitro in bone marrow mononuclear cells and osteoclasts,characterized by an impairment of.the exit pathway of.the Clcn7 protein product,ClC7,through the Golgi,with consequent reduced ClC7 expression in late endosomes and lysosomes,associated with high vesicular pH and accumulation of.autophagosome ***,an experimental siRNA therapy,previously proven to counteract the bone phenotype,also improves the extra-skeletal *** results could have important clinical implications,supporting the notion that a systematic evaluation of.ADO2 patients f.r extra-skeletal symptoms could help improve their diagnosis,clinical management,and therapeutic options.

关键词： Extra-skeletal manif.stations dominant osteopetrosis implications

Predicting Ground Ef.ects of.Omnidirectional Antennas in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensor Network 2010年第12期2卷 879-890页

作者： john f. Janek Jef.rey J. Evans 不详

Omnidirectional antennas are of.en used f.r radio f.equency (Rf. communication in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Outside noise, electromagnetic interf.rence (EMI), overloaded network traf.ic, large obstacles (vegetation and buildings), terrain and atmospheric composition, along with climate patterns can degrade signal quality in the f.rm of.data packet loss or reduced Rf.communication range. This paper explores the Rf.range reduction properties of.a particular WSN designed to operate in agricultural crop f.elds to collect aggregate data composed of.subsurf.ce soil moisture and soil temperature. Our study, using simulation, anechoic and f.eld measurements shows that the ef.ect of.antenna placement close to the ground (within 10 cm) signi?cantly changes the omnidirectional transmission pattern. We then develop and propose a prediction method that is more precise than current practices of.using the f.iis and f.esnel equations. Our prediction method takes into account environmental properties f.r Rf.communication range based on the height of.nodes and gateways.

关键词： Omnidirectional Antenna Ground Ef.ects Wireless Densor Networks

Risk f.ctors f.r Hospitalization Due to Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients in Northeast Thailand

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Journal of.Diabetes Mellitus 2014年第3期4卷 165-171页

作者： Thuanjai Poosakaew Pattapong Kesssomboon john f. Smith Department of.Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Background: Hypoglycemia among diabetic patients is a major complication, which results in high morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization provides the inadequate patient care and management. Objective: The aim of.this study was to determine the potential risk f.ctors f.r hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. Method: In a case-control study, the cases were diabetic patients admitted due to hypoglycemia. Controls were diabetic patients admitted f.r other reasons. The cases and control subjects were recruited f.om the inpatient department of.the middle level hospital in Northeast Thailand. The total sample size was 360 patients who met the criteria and had been hospitalized. The number of.case was 90, and the number of.controls was 270. The data were analyzed by determining the adjusted odds ratio, and 95% conf.dence interval of.the ORs using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression model, f.ve variables were signif.cantly associated with hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients: 1) patients who received insulin injections (AOR = 20.75;95% CI: 4.7 - 91.41;p = 0.001);2) patients who did not carry sugar candy or a dessert with them at all times (AOR = 13.89;95% CI: 1.92 - 100.31;p = 0.01);3) patients with an occurrence of.hypoglycemia at least once a week at home(AOR = 8.83;95% CI: 2.58 - 30.20;p = 0.001);4) patients who were adjusted f.r doses of.medication on their own (AOR = 6.62;95% CI: 1.30 - 33.70;p = 0.02);and 5) patients who lacked knowledge did not understand the causes and symptoms of.low blood sugar (AOR = 7.97;95% CI: 1.97 - 32.22;p = 0.001). Conclusion: Receiving insulin injection and poor knowledge and self.care of.hypoglycemia prevention were the best predictors of.hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. These f.ctors need to be adequately addressed in order to provide better care and management to prevent hospitalization among diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Hypoglycemia Hospitalization Risk f.ctors

Antioxidant potentials of.various solvent extracts f.om stem bark of.<i>Enantia chlorantha</i>

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Journal of.Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第9期6卷 877-884页

作者： john O. Olanlokun Seun f. Akomolaf. Department of.Biochemistry Faculty of Science Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Laboratories f.r Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The stem bark of.Enantia chlorantha is commonly used f.r the treatment of.malaria and other ailments of.the human body such as cough and wound. The plant had been intensely studied f.r its antimicrobial activities and antipyretic properties. However, the ef.icacy and mechanisms of.action of.the plant remain unclear. Theref.re, the objective of.the present study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of.the various solvent extracts f.om stem bark of.Enantia chlorantha. In vitro antioxidant activity of.certain extracts of.stem bark of.Enantia chlorantha such as methanol extract (ME), n-hexane, chlorof.rm, ethylacetate, and aqueous f.actions (Hf. Cf. Ef.and Af.respectively) was evaluated using models of.DPPH radical scavenging activity, f.rric reducing property (f.AP), nitric oxide scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The inhibition of.lipid oxidation, total f.avonoids and phenolic contents of.the extracts were also determined using spectrophotometric methods. The result revealed the highest phenolic and f.avonoid contents in the methanol extract f.llowed by Af. Ef.and Cf.while Hf.contained the least concentration. f.ee radical scavenging potentials of.the extracts were f.und to be proportional to their respective phenolic and f.avonoid contents. Our results suggest that part of.the mechanisms through which the plant is used in f.lk medicine f.r the treatment of.stress related diseases such as malaria, and cough and wound may be through its antioxidant activity, DPPH, nitric oxide , hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities and reducing power.

关键词： Inf.uenza Enantia chlorantha Phenolic Content Antioxidant Activity f.ee Radicals

Receptive Anal Intercourse and HIV Inf.ction

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World Journal of.AIDS 2017年第4期7卷 269-278页

作者： Gilbert R. Lavoie john f. f.sher Medical Institute f.r Sexual Health Austin Texas USA Department of.Inf.ctious Disease Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta Georgia USA

Objective: Inf.rm the public that receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is a key transmission route of.the human immunodef.ciency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. Method: The role of.receptive anal intercourse (RAI) in this epidemic will be examined using the f.llowing approach: 1) Risk comparison of.HIV transmission via RAI to the other major routes of.transmission. 2) HIV transmission risks of.RAI using some of.the present risk reduction techniques. 3) HIV inf.ction via anal intercourse among male youth. 4) HIV inf.ction via anal intercourse among women. Results: Of.the major transmission routes of.HIV, receptive anal intercourse has the highest transmission risk f.r acquiring HIV inf.ction. RAI is 2 times the risk of.needle-sharing during injection drug use (IDU) and 17 times the risk of.receptive vaginal intercourse. The estimated per act probability of.acquiring HIV f.om an inf.cted source by the exposure route of.RAI is high in most circumstances: 1) Condoms alone only partially reduce the high risk of.RAI. With the addition of.pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the risk is f.rther reduced. 2) When one or both partners are inf.cted with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), even with condom use, the risks are very high. With the addition of.PrEP the risks are reduced, but RAI still carries signif.cant risks. 3) With exposure to acute HIV (high viral load) the risks of.RAI are very high and remain signif.cant even with condom use and PrEP. Anal intercourse of.en begins in adolescence;both genders are at risk. Conclusion: Public knowledge of.the high transmission risks of.receptive anal intercourse may likely result in a downward trend of.new HIV inf.ctions and contribute to ending the epidemic.

关键词： HIV Transmission Risk Receptive Anal Intercourse Anal Intercourse STD Condom Use

Inf.ction Prevalence of.<i>Borrelia burgdorf.ri</i>in Ticks Collected f.om Songbirds in f.r-Western Canada

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Open Journal of.Animal Sciences 2015年第3期5卷 232-241页

作者： john D. Scott Lance A. Durden john f. Anderson Research Division Lyme Ontario Fergus Ontario Canada Department of.Biology Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA Department of.Entomology and Center f.r Vector Ecology and Zoonotic Diseases The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station New Haven CT USA

Worldwide, wild birds play a vital role in the dispersal of.ticks that harbour tick-borne pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorf.ri, the Lyme disease bacterium. Using PCR testing, we f.und 124 (31%) of.405 ticks (4 species), which were collected f.om 21 species of.birds in f.r-western Canada, to be inf.cted with B. burgdorf.ri. Transstadial transmission of.B. burgdorf.ri occurred f.om larva to nymph, plus nymph to adult, in the avian coastal tick, Ixodes auritulus, collected f.om songbirds in British Columbia (B.C). Collectively, all 3 motile lif. stages (larva, nymph, adult) of.this tick had an inf.ction prevalence of.31% f.r B. burgdorf.ri, which suggests vector competency. A Pacif.c Wren was highly inf.sted with I. auritulus immatures, and 20 (44%) of.45 ticks (2 nymphs, 43 larvae) were inf.cted with B. burgdorf.ri. This heavy inf.station shows the high potential to initiate a new population of.ticks and to disseminate Lyme spirochetes. Epidemiologically, B. burgdorf.ri-inf.cted I. auritulus larvae collected f.om the Spotted Towhee, Swainson’s Thrush, Pacif.c Wren, and f.x Sparrow suggest that these avian hosts act as reservoirs f.r B. burgdorf.ri. In this study, the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacif.cus, and Ixodes spinipalpis played a limited role in the enzootic transmission cycle of.B. burgdorf.ri along coastal B.C. We document the f.rst record of.I. spinipalpis on a bird in Alberta. Because songbirds widely disperse Lyme disease vector ticks, primary health providers and the general public must be vigilant that outdoors people may be bitten by B. burgdorf.ri-inf.cted ticks throughout f.r-western Canada.

关键词： Ticks Ixodes auritulus Ixodes pacif.cus Ixodes spinipalpis Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorf.ri Songbird Bird Parasitism Inf.ction Prevalence

Magnetic resonance studies of.a gas-solids f.uidised bed:Jet-jet and jet-wall interactions

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 617-622页

作者： Meenal Pore Daniel J.Holland Thusara C.Chandrasekera Christoph R.Müller Andrew J.Sederman john S.Dennis Lynn f.Gladden john f.Davidson Department of.Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK Department of.Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） gave images of.air jets f.om orif.ces in the distributor plate of.a bed of.poppy seeds. Attention f.cused on two f.atures：（1） The interaction between nearby vertical jets f.om two, three or f.ur orif.ces; （2） Wall ef.ects, where one or more orif.ces created vertical jets near the vertical wall of.the cylinder containing the particle bed. The results show that nearby jets are mutually attracted. Likewise a jet near a wall bends out of.the vertical, towards the wall, f.r multiple adjacent jets, the jet lengths show dependence on orif.ce layout： the lengths are in reasonable agreement with published measurements, by other methods, f.r single jets. The MRI gives three-dimensional images of.the single jets and of.multiple jets, separate or merging.

关键词： f.uidised bed MRI Jets Distributor design

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of.MAf.D

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Journal of.Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 939-946页

作者： Kathleen Clare john f.Dillon Paul N.Brennan Royal Alexandra Hospital PaisleyNHS Greater Glasgow and ClydePA29PNUK University of.Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeDD19SYUK University of.Edinburgh Edinburgh BioQuarter5 Little France DriveEH164UUUK

The pathogenesis of.metabolic-associated f.tty liver disease(MAf.D)is complex and thought to be dependent on multiple parallel hits on a background of.genetic *** evidence suggests that MAf.D progression is a dynamic two-way process relating to repetitive bouts of.metabolic stress and inf.ammation interspersed with endogenous anti-inf.ammatory reparative *** MAf.D,excessive hepatic lipid accumulation causes the production of.lipotoxins that induce mitochondrial dysf.nction,endoplasmic reticular stress,and over production of.reactive oxygen species(ROS).Models of.MAf.D show marked disruption of.mitochondrial f.nction and reduced oxidative capacitance with impact on cellular processes including mitophagy,oxidative phosphorylation,and mitochondrial *** excess,ROS modif. insulin and innate immune signaling and alter the expression and activity of.essential enzymes involved in lipid *** can also cause direct damage to intracellular structures causing hepatocyte injury and *** select cases,the use of.anti-oxidants and ROS scavengers have been shown to diminish the proapoptopic ef.ects of.f.tty *** this link,endogenous anti-oxidant pathways have been a target of.interest,with Nrf. activation showing a reduction in oxidative stress and inf.ammation in models of.*** hormone receptorβ(THRβ)agonists and nuclear peroxisome prolif.rationactivated receptor(PPAR)f.mily have also gained interest in reducing hepatic lipotoxicity and restoring hepatic f.nction in models of.***,the true interplay between the clinical and molecular components of.MAf.D progression remain only partly *** recently,multiomics-based strategies are being adopted f.r hypothesis-f.ee analysis of.the molecular changes in *** prof.ling maps the unique genotype-phenotype associations in MAf.D and with various single-cell tran scriptome-based projects underway,there is hope of.novel physiological insigh

关键词： f.tty liver disease Metabolic-associated f.tty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Reactive oxidation species Oxidative stress