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Consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection in children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5181-5194页

作者： Lucia Pacifico Caterina Anania john f Osborn flavia ferraro Claudio Chiesa Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University of Rome 324 I-00161 Rome Italy Department of Public Health Sciences Sapienza University of Rome I-00185 Rome Italy Department of Molecular Medicine National Research Council I-00133 Rome Italy

Although evidence is emerging that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining in all age groups, the understanding of its disease spectrum continues to evolve. If untreated, H. pylori infection is lifelong. Although H. pylori typically colonizes the hu-man stomach for many decades without adverse con-sequences, children infected with H. pylori can manifest gastrointestinal diseases. Controversy persists regarding testing (and treating) for H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and poor growth. There is evidence of the role of H. pylori in childhood iron deficiency anemia, but the results are not conclusive. The possibility of an inverse relationship between H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease, as well as childhood asthma, remains a controversial question. A better understanding of the H. pylori disease spectrum in childhood should lead to clearer recommendations about testing for and treating H. pylori infection in children who are more likely to develop clinical sequelae.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Children Gastrointestinal diseases Epigastric pain Anemia Growth retardation Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura

Prostate cancer upgrading or downgrading of biopsy Gleason scores at radical prostatectomy:prediction of"regression to the mean"using routine clinical features with correlating biochemical relapse rates

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 598-604页

作者： Muammer Altok Patricia Troncoso Mary f Achim Surena f Matin Graciela N Gonzalez john W Davis Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pathology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Biostatistics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA.

Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important *** to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is often the ratio nale for costly imaging or genomic *** prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at *** May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).After exclusions,we identified a GS 6 cohort of 374 patients and a GS 8cohort of 91 *** this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)*** GS 6,265(70.9%)of 374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible for AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of which 57.9%were *** features that predicted a>90%chanceof upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum foci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.for GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was significantly higher for single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown *** coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations.

关键词： biopsy down grade Gleas on score prostate cancer upgrade

Magnetic resonance studies of a gas-solids fluidised bed:Jet-jet and jet-wall interactions

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 617-622页

作者： Meenal Pore Daniel J.Holland Thusara C.Chandrasekera Christoph R.Müller Andrew J.Sederman john S.Dennis Lynn f.Gladden john f.Davidson Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） gave images of air jets from orifices in the distributor plate of a bed of poppy seeds. Attention focused on two features：（1） The interaction between nearby vertical jets from two, three or four orifices; （2） Wall effects, where one or more orifices created vertical jets near the vertical wall of the cylinder containing the particle bed. The results show that nearby jets are mutually attracted. Likewise a jet near a wall bends out of the vertical, towards the wall, for multiple adjacent jets, the jet lengths show dependence on orifice layout： the lengths are in reasonable agreement with published measurements, by other methods, for single jets. The MRI gives three-dimensional images of the single jets and of multiple jets, separate or merging.

关键词： fluidised bed MRI Jets Distributor design

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of MAfLD

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 939-946页

作者： Kathleen Clare john f.Dillon Paul N.Brennan Royal Alexandra Hospital PaisleyNHS Greater Glasgow and ClydePA29PNUK University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeDD19SYUK University of Edinburgh Edinburgh BioQuarter5 Little France DriveEH164UUUK

The pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAfLD)is complex and thought to be dependent on multiple parallel hits on a background of genetic *** evidence suggests that MAfLD progression is a dynamic two-way process relating to repetitive bouts of metabolic stress and inflammation interspersed with endogenous anti-inflammatory reparative *** MAfLD,excessive hepatic lipid accumulation causes the production of lipotoxins that induce mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticular stress,and over production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Models of MAfLD show marked disruption of mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative capacitance with impact on cellular processes including mitophagy,oxidative phosphorylation,and mitochondrial *** excess,ROS modify insulin and innate immune signaling and alter the expression and activity of essential enzymes involved in lipid *** can also cause direct damage to intracellular structures causing hepatocyte injury and *** select cases,the use of anti-oxidants and ROS scavengers have been shown to diminish the proapoptopic effects of fatty *** this link,endogenous anti-oxidant pathways have been a target of interest,with Nrf2 activation showing a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in models of *** hormone receptorβ(THRβ)agonists and nuclear peroxisome proliferationactivated receptor(PPAR)family have also gained interest in reducing hepatic lipotoxicity and restoring hepatic function in models of ***,the true interplay between the clinical and molecular components of MAfLD progression remain only partly *** recently,multiomics-based strategies are being adopted for hypothesis-free analysis of the molecular changes in *** profiling maps the unique genotype-phenotype associations in MAfLD and with various single-cell tran scriptome-based projects underway,there is hope of novel physiological insigh

关键词： fatty liver disease Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Reactive oxidation species Oxidative stress

Olfactory Dysfunction as an Early Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第5期33卷 515-525页

作者： Michelle E.fullard James f.Morley john E.Duda Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Olfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and often predates the diagnosis by years, reflecting early deposition of Lewy pathology, the histo- logic hallmark of PD, in the olfactory bulb. Clinical tests are available that allow for the rapid characterization of olfactory dysfunction, including tests of odor identification, discrimination, detection, and recognition thresholds, memory, and tests assessing the build-up of odor intensity across increasing suprathreshold stimulus concentrations. The high prevalence of olfactory impairment, along with the ease and low cost of assessment, has fostered great interest in olfaction as a potential biomarker for PD. Hyposmia may help differentiate PD from other causes of parkinsonism, and may also aid in the identification of ＂pre-motor＂ PD due to the early pathologic involvement of olfactory pathways. Olfactory function is also correlated with other non-motor features of PD and may serve as a predictor of cognitive decline. In this article, we summarize the existing literature on olfaction in PD, focusing on the potential for olfaction as a biomarker for early or differential diagnosis and prognosis.

关键词： Olfaction · Parkinson's disease · Biomarker ·Parkinsonism · Pathology

Artificial nesting habitats as a conservation strategy for turtle populations experiencing global change

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 209-221页

作者： john P.WNEK Walter f.BIEN Harold W.AVERY Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Diamondback terrapins(Malaclemys terrapin)inhabit estuaries in eastern USA and may tolerate salinity of seawater for short *** North American estuaries are adversely affected by anthropogenic impacts,such as pollution,dredging and invasion by non-native *** nesting areas have been altered or destroyed,causing terrapins to nest on roadsides and artificial islands made of dredged substrate from bottom *** by non-native plants may suppress development and reduce survival of *** Barnegat Bay,New Jersey,USA,there is a mosaic of natural and degraded terrapin nesting *** investigated the effects of dredge soil and shade on the hatching success of diamondback terrapins to determine whether nesting habitat could be increased by using dredged bottom *** year 1,unshaded nests in natural loamy-sand had the highest hatching success(55.2%),while nests in dredge soil produced no *** year 2,nests in unshaded loamy-sand had a hatching success of 85.3%,whereas those in dredge soil,aged 1 year,had a hatching success of 59.4%.Dredge soil improved as an incubation substrate after aging 1 year by the washout of *** temperatures were generally cool and produced mostly male *** dredge soil may provide suitable nesting substrates for diamondback terrapins if used after one year,and may be particularly beneficial if used for constructing islands that provide new nesting sites with reduced access of mammalian predators.

关键词： dredge estuarine turtles hatching success Malaclemys terrapin nesting ecology nest temperature nest substrate shade

Correlation between rpoB gene mutation in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and clinical rifabutin and rifampicin resistance for treatment of Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2723-2730页

作者： Daniel R Beckler Sammer Elwasila George Ghobrial john f Valentine Saleh A Naser Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences Center for Biomolecular Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville

AIM： To investigate overlapping regions of the rpoB gene previously involved with rifamycin resistance in M. tuberculosis and seek correlation between rpoB mutations in dinical MAP strains with susceptibility to RIf and RfB. METHODS： We designed a molecular-based PCR method for the evaluation of rifabutin （RfB） and rifampicin （RIf） resistance based on probable determinant regions within the rpoB gene of MAP, including the 81 bp variable site located between nucleotides 1363 and 1443. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） for RIf was also determined against 11 MAP isolates in attempt to seek correlation with rpoB sequences. RESULTS： We determined that MAP strain 18 had an MIC of 〉 30 mg/L and ≤ 5 mg/L for RIf and RfB respectively, and a significant and novel rpoB mutation C1367T, compared to an MIC of ≤ 1.0 mg/L for both drugs in the wild type MAP. The 30-fold increase in the MIC was a direct result of the rpoB mutation C1367T, which caused an amino acid change Thr456 to Ile456 in the drug＇s binding site. In addition, MAP strain 185 contained five silent rpoB mutations and exhibited an MIC comparable to the wild-type. Moreover, our in vitro selected mutation in MAP strain UCf5 resulted in the generation of a new resistant strain （UCf5-RIf16r） that possessed T1442C rpoB mutation and an MIC 〉 30 mg/L and 〉 10 mg/L for RIf and RfB respectively. Sequencing of the entire rpoB gene in MAP strains UCf4, 18, and UCf5-RIf16r revealed an rpoB mutation A2284C further downstream of the 81 bp variable region in UCf4, accounting for observed slight increase in MIC. In addition, no other significant mutations were found in strains 18 and UCf-RIf16r. CONCLUSION： The data clearly illustrates that clinical and in vitro-selected MAP mutants with rpoB mutations result in resistance to RIf and RfB, and that a single amino acid change in the beta subunit may have a significant impact on RIf resistance. Unconventional drug susceptibility testing such as our molecular approach wi

关键词： Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Crohn's disease Rifabutin Rifampicin rpoB Minimum inhibitoryconcentration

A case of enterolith small bowel obstruction and jejunal diverticulosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第4期9卷 883-884页

作者： Buhussan Hayee Hamed Noor Khan Talib Al-Mishlab john f McPartlin Department of Surgery William Harvey HospitalAshfordKent TN24U.K.

We reported a case of 79-year old woman with known large bowel diverticulosis presenting with small bowel obstruction due to stone impaction - found on plain abdominal *** studies demonstrated small bowel *** laparotomy, the gall bladder was normal with no stones and no abnormal communication with small bowel - excluding the possibility of a gallstone ileus. Analysis of the stone revealed a composition of bile pigments and calcium *** was a rare case of small bowel obstruction due to enterolith formation - made distinctive by calcification (previously unreported in the proximal small bowel).

关键词： Aged Calcinosis Diverticulum fecal Impaction female Humans Intestinal Obstruction Jejunal Diseases

fructose-sorbitol ingestion provokes gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with eating disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5295-5299页

作者： Noel friesen Ross D Hansen Suzanne f Abraham john E Kellow Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydney 2065Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydney 2065Australia

AIM:To evaluate gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and breath hydrogen responses to oral fructose-sorbitol(f-S) and glucose challenges in eating disorder(ED) ***:GI symptoms and hydrogen breath concentration were monitored in 26 female ED inpatients for 3 h,following ingestion of 50 g glucose on one day,and 25 g fructose/5 g sorbitol on the next day,after an overnight fast on each *** to f-S were compared to those of 20 asymptomatic healthy ***:f-S provoked GI symptoms in 15 ED patients and one healthy control(P f-S response) .A greater symptom response was observed in ED patients with a body mass index(BMI) ≤ 17.5 kg/m 2 compared to those with a BMI > 17.5 kg/m 2(P fferences in psychological scores,prevalence of functional GI disorders or breath hydrogen responses between patients with and without an f-S ***:f-S,but not glucose,provokes GI symptoms in ED patients,predominantly those with low *** findings are important in the dietary management of ED patients.

关键词： fructose Sorbitol Malabsorption syndromes functional gastrointestinal disorders Eating disorders Underweight