检索结果-南通市图书馆

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 744-752页

作者： john d. williams Heidi M. Hartman Lori M. Spencer James O. Loiland USdA Agricultural Research Service Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center Pendleton USA Umatilla Soil & Water Conservation district Pendleton USA department Environmental Science and Regional Planning Washington State University Tri-Cities Richland USA district Conservationist (USdA-NRCS) Dillingham Field Office Dillingham USA

Riparian areas in dryland crop regions of the Intermountain Pacific Northwest have largely been converted to cropland or pasture during the last 140 years. Some formerly cultivated floodplains have become difficult to farm;enrollment of these lands into conservation programs provides the opportunity to use them as wildlife habitat and as buffer areas near streams. Our objective was to evaluate plant community development on an USdA Conservation Reserve Enhan- cement Program site in northeastern Oregon from when the plant was planted in 1999 through 2008. The research was designed as a descriptive study. We established permanent line-transects to quantify vegetation establishment and changes in species composition through time. We collected data in 2000-2001 and 2007-2008. Vegetation cover in 2000-2001 was 100%, dominated by tall wheatgrass. Living plant material cover decreased from 98% in 2000-2001 to 33% in 2007 and 68% in 2008;dead plant residue significantly increased and tall wheatgrass cover decreased. Native species were present in similar percentages from 2000 to 2008, although there was a shift from target to nontarget species. The 1999 seeding can be judged a success because of the ground cover provided and the establishment of one target species, tall wheatgrass. However, the increased ratio of dead to living plant material and shift to non-target annual weed species suggests that more active management (i.e., fire, grazing, or mowing) of the tall wheatgrass stand is needed to maintain its productivity and/or a healthy mix of multiple species.

关键词： Conservation Buffers Riparian Management Weed Control Plant Community

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Surface Modification on Ti-30Ta Alloy for Biomedical Application

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Engineering（科研） 2013年第9期5卷 707-713页

作者： Patricia Capellato Nicholas A.Riedel john d.williams Joao P.B.Machado Ketul C.Popat Ana P.R.Alves Claro department of Materials UNESP—Univ.Estadual PaulistaGuaratinguetaBrazil department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA Associated Laboratory of Sensors and Materials INPESao Jose dos CamposBrazil School of Biomedical Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA

Titanium and titanium alloys are currently being used for clinical biomedical applications due to their high strength, corrosion resistance and elastic modulus. The Ti-30Ta alloy has gotten extensive application as the important biomedical materials. The substrate surface of the Ti-30Ta alloy was altered either by chemical or topographical surface modification. The biocompatibility of an implant is closely related to its surface properties. Thus surface modification is one of effective methods for improving the biocompatibility of implants. The development status of biomedical materials has been summarized firstly, the biomedical application. In this study Ti-30Ta alloy surface was investigate as-casting (Group 1) modified with alkaline and heat-treatments in NaOH with 1.5M at 60°C for 24 hrs (Group 2), alkaline and heat-treatments with SBF-coatings by immersion in NaOH and SBFX5 for 24hrs (Group 3), anodization process was performed in an electrolyte solution containing HF (48%) and H2SO4 (98%) with the addition of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (dMSO) 35V for 40 min (Group 4) and ion beam etching with 1200 eV ions with a beam current of 200 mA for a 3 hrs etch (Group 5). SEM was used to investigate the topography, EdS the chemical composition, and surface energy was evaluate with water contact angle measurement. SEM results show different structure on the surface for each group. EdS spectra identified similarity on Group 1, 4 and 5. The results indicate for group 2 an amorphous sodium tantalate hydrogel layer on the substrate surface and for group 3 the apatite nucleation on substrate surface. The Group 4 shows unorganized and vertically nanotubes and Group 5 shows a little alteration in the topography on the substrate surfaces. Overall the contact angle shows Group 5 the most hydrophobic and Group 4 the most hydrophilic. The study indicates Group 3 and 4 with potential for biomedical application. The next step the authors need to spend more time to study group 3 and 4 in

关键词： Biocompatibility Ti-30Ta Alloy Alkali Treatment Heat Treatment Simulated Body Fluid Anodization Process Ion Beam Etching

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.williams department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Targeting TrkB–PSd-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： john Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

A Survey of Language-Based Approaches to Cyber-Physical and Embedded System development

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第2期20卷 130-141页

作者： Paul Soulier depeng Li john R. williams University of Hawaii Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical Systems （CPS） that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language- based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

关键词： cyber-physical systems embedded systems programming languages type systems

Increased Light, Moderate, and Severe Clear-Air Turbulence in Response to Climate Change

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 576-586页

作者： Paul d. williams department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to strengthen the vertical wind shears at aircraft cruising altitudes within the atmospheric jet streams. Such a strengthening would increase the prevalence of the shear instabilities that generate clear-air turbulence. Climate modelling studies have indicated that the amount of moderate-or-greater clear-air turbulence on transatlantic flight routes in winter will increase significantly in future as the climate changes. However,the individual responses of light,moderate,and severe clear-air turbulence have not previously been studied,despite their importance for aircraft operations. Here,we use climate model simulations to analyse the transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence response to climate change in five aviation-relevant turbulence strength categories. We find that the probability distributions for an ensemble of 21 clear-air turbulence diagnostics generally gain probability in their right-hand tails when the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is doubled. By converting the diagnostics into eddy dissipation rates,we find that the ensembleaverage airspace volume containing light clear-air turbulence increases by 59%(with an intra-ensemble range of 43%–68%),light-to-moderate by 75%(39%–96%),moderate by 94%(37%–118%),moderate-to-severe by 127%(30%–170%),and severe by 149%(36%–188%). These results suggest that the prevalence of transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence will increase significantly in all aviation-relevant strength categories as the climate changes.

关键词： turbulence climate change aviation jet stream

A Couple Nagging Interpretive difficulties in Zhuangzi Studies vis-à-vis William James on the Ethics and Psychology of Belief

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2019年第4期14卷 593-611页

作者： john Robert williams department of Philosophy National University of SingaporeSingapore 117570Singapore

The present article addresses two lingering questions in the interpretation of the Zhuangzi莊子—(a)How can one reconcile the scepticism of the Zhuangzi with its positive project(s)?and(b)Who can become a sagely person?The questions are addressed with reference to aspects of William James’accounts of the ethics and psychology of belief.

关键词： Zhuangzi William James scepticism ethics of belief psychology of belief sagely person