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Responses of Earthworms to Organic Matter at Different Stages of Decomposition

Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 382-388页

作者： LI Jian-Xiong ZHANG Wei-Xin LIAO Chong-hui YANG Yue-Ping FU Sheng-Lei Guangdong Entomological Institute Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510260 （China） Institute of Ecology South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 （China） Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

This study was conducted to examine the responses of earthworms to soil organic matter and litter at different decomposition stages and their contributions in litter decomposition processes in southern subtropical areas of China. Two plantations were selected as the study sites: Site I was dominated by the exotic endogeic earthworm species Ocnerodrilus occidentalis; Site II was dominated by epigeic species Amynthas corticis. After the fallen litter and earthworms were removed or expelled, four treatments were set up as: reserving the top soil (0–5 cm, equal to H layer) (H), removing the top soil and adding fresh litter (Le), removing the top soil and adding semi-decomposed litter (Li), and a control with no top soil nor any litter (ck). Five randomized blocks that were enclosed with nylon nets on the top were set up in each site, and then the four treatments were arranged randomly in each block. After 2–3 months, earthworms were collected using the formalin method. The results showed that Ocnerodrilus occidentalis preferred Treatment H though it was found in Treatments Le and Li as well; Amynthas corticis preferred Treatment Li though sometimes it also appeared in Treatment H; and Amynthas sp., another epigeic species, was mainly present under Treatment Le and only appeared in Treatment H occasionally. These findings confirmed that earthworm species belonging to different ecological groups had different responses to organic matter at different decomposition stages. The impacts of earthworm communities dominated by O. occidentalis mainly appeared at the later periods of litter decomposition.

关键词： decomposition stage earthworm litter soil organic matter

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Methylprednisolone accelerate chest computed tomography absorption in COVID-19:A three-centered retrospective case control study from China

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第2期10卷 426-436页

作者： Lan Lin Dan Xue Jin-Hua Chen Qiong-Ying Wei Zheng-hui Huang Department of Respiratory Medicine Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Medical Administration Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

BAckGROUND Based on the results of some large randomized controlled trials(RCTs)confirmed the efficacy of corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),corticosteroids have been included in World Health Organization guidelines,but remain *** To investigate the efcacy and safety of low-to-moderate dose(30 to 40 mg/d)short-term methylprednisolone for COVID-19 *** The clinical data of 70 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antiviral therapy with Arbidol for 7-10 d before admission but had no obvious absorption on chest computed tomography(CT)imaging were retrospectively ***(as the control group)and methylprednisolone(as the corticosteroid group)were given respectively after *** treatment,chest CT was reexamined to evaluate the absorption of pulmonary ***,we evaluated and compared the lymphocyte count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleukin-6(IL-6),serum ferritin,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase-MB(ck-MB),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and D-dimer levels,and also analyzed the incidence of toxic and side *** All patients in the corticosteroid group had varying degrees of CT absorption,which was significantly better than that in the control group(CT obvious absorption rate:89.47%vs 12.5%,Pck-MB,hs-CRP and D-dimer levels all improved gradually,indicating that both Arbidol and methylprednisolone therapy were contributed to improving the condition of COVID-19 *** corticosteroid regimen did not prolong the clearance time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** were no severe adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding,secondary severe infection,hypertension,diabetic ketoacidosis,ment

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 Corticosteroid Methylprednisolone Treatment

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Al-induced proteomics changes in tomato plants over-expressing a glyoxalase I gene

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2114-2128页

作者： Xudong Sun hui Li Santosh Thapa Sasikiran Reddy Sangireddy Xiaobo Pei Wei Liu Yuping Jiang Shaolan Yang Dafeng hui Sarabjit Bhatti Suping Zhou Yong Yang Tara Fish Theodore W.Thannhauser Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences College of AgricultureTennessee State University3500 John A Merritt BlvdNashvilleTN 37209USA College of Horticulture Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongP.R.China R.W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Glyoxalase I(Gly I)is the first enzyme in the glutathionine-dependent glyoxalase pathway for detoxification of methylglyoxal(MG)under stress *** tomato‘Money Maker’plants overexpressing tomato SlGlyI gene(tomato unigene accession SGN-U582631/Solyc09g082120.3.1)were generated and homozygous lines were obtained after four generations of *** this study,SlGlyI-overepxressing line(GlyI),wild type(WT,negative control)and plants transformed with empty vector(ECtr,positive control),were subjected to Al-treatment by growing in Magnavaca’s nutrient solution(pH 4.5)supplemented with 20μM Al3+ion *** 30 days of treatments,the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of plants from Al-treated conditions decreased significantly compared to the non-treated conditions for all the three *** compared across the three lines,root fresh and dry weight of GlyI was significant higher than WT and ECtr,whereas there was no difference in shoot *** basal 5mm root-tips of GlyI plants expressed a significantly higher level of glyoxalase activity under both non-Al-treated and Al-treated conditions compared to the two control *** Al-treated condition,there was a significant increase in MG content in ECtr and WT lines,but not in GlyI *** proteomics analysis using tandem mass tags mass spectrometry identified 4080 quantifiable proteins and 201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in roottip tissues from GlyI,and 4273 proteins and 230 DEPs from *** Al-down-regulated DEPs were classified into molecular pathways of gene transcription,RNA splicing and protein biosynthesis in both GlyI and ECtr *** Alinduced DEPs in GlyI associated with tolerance to Al3+and MG toxicity are involved in callose degradation,cell wall components(xylan acetylation and pectin degradation),oxidative stress(antioxidants)and turnover of Al-damaged epidermal cells,repair of damaged DNA,epigenetics,gene transcription,and prote

关键词： expressing transformed roots

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Comparative transcriptome analyses shed light on carotenoid production and plastid development in melon fruit

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 1229-1241页

作者： Noam Chayut hui Yuan Yuval Saar Yi Zheng Tianhu Sun Xuesong Zhou Anna Hermanns Elad Oren Adi Faigenboim Maixia hui Zhangjun Fei Michael Mazourek Joseph Burger Yaakov Tadmor Li Li Department of Vegetable Research ARONewe Ya’ar Research CenterP.O.Box 1021Ramat Yishay 30095Israel Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Plant Breeding and Genetics Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Boyce Thompson Institute IthacaNY 14853USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Present address:john Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK

Carotenoids,such asβ-carotene,accumulate in chromoplasts of various fleshy fruits,awarding them with colors,aromas,and *** Orange(CmOr)gene controlsβ-carotene accumulation in melon fruit by posttranslationally enhancing carotenogenesis and repressingβ-carotene turnover in *** isomerase(CRTISO)isomerizes yellow prolycopene into red lycopene,a prerequisite for further metabolism intoβ-*** comparatively analyzed the developing fruit transcriptomes of orange-colored melon and its two isogenic EMS-induced mutants,low-β(Cmor)and yofi(Cmcrtiso).The Cmor mutation in low-βcaused a major transcriptomic change in the mature *** contrast,the Cmcrtiso mutation in yofi significantly changed the transcriptome only in early fruit developmental *** findings indicate that melon fruit transcriptome is primarily altered by changes in carotenoid metabolic flux and plastid conversion,but minimally by carotenoid composition in the ripe *** of the differentially expressed genes into functional groups revealed an association between fruit carotenoid metabolic flux with the maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus in fruit ***,large numbers of thylakoid localized photosynthetic genes were differentially expressed in low-β.CmOR family proteins were found to physically interact with light-harvesting chlorophyll a–b binding proteins,suggesting a new role of CmOR for chloroplast maintenance in melon *** study brings more insights into the cellular and metabolic processes associated with fruit carotenoid accumulation in melon fruit and reveals a new maintenance mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus for plastid development.

关键词： apparatus orange metabolism

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Soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of soil CO_2 efflux before and after tillage in a wheat field of Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 79-86页

作者： Hongxing Zhang Xiaoke Wang Zongwei Feng Junzhu Pang Fei Lu Zhiyun Ouyang Hua Zheng Wenzhao Liu Dafeng hui State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Shaanxi 722400 China Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd. Nashville TN 37209 USA

As a conventional farming practice, tillage has lasted for thousands of years in Loess Plateau, China. Although recent studies show that tillage is a prominent culprit to soil carbon loss in croplands, few studies have investigated the influences of tillage on the responses of soil CO2 efflux （SCE） to soil temperature and moisture. Using a multi-channel automated CO2 efflux chamber system, we measured SCE in situ continuously before and after the conventional tillage in a rain fed wheat field of Loess Plateau, China. The changes in soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of SCE, denoted by the Q10 value and linear regression slope respectively, were compared in the same range of soil temperature and moisture before and after the tillage. The results showed that, after the tillage, SCE increased by 1.2-2.2 times; the soil temperature sensitivity increased by 36.1%-37.5%; and the soil moisture sensitivity increased by 140%-166%. Thus, the tillage-induced increase in SCE might partially be attributed to the increases in temperature and moisture sensitivity of SCE.

关键词： soil CO2 efflux Loess Plateau moisture sensitivity temperature sensitivity tillage wheat field

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Peanut drying:Effects of various drying methods on drying kinetic models,physicochemical properties,germination characteristics,and microstructure

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 447-458页

作者： Yongkang Xie Yawen Lin Xingyi Li hui Yang Junhao Han Chaojie Shang Aiqing Li Hongwei Xiao Fengyin Lu Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai UniversityNational&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of StorageProcessing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic ProductsThe Fresh Food Storage and Processing Technology Research Institute of Liaoning Provincial UniversitiesJinzhou 121013China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083PR China

The current work aims to explore the suitable drying technique for peanut pods which can be used for seeds or edible *** drying methods,namely naturally-open sun drying as the control check(ck),hot air drying(HAD),pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),and radio frequency combined hot air drying(RF-HAD),were employed to dry peanut pods,and their effects on the nutritional quality attributes in terms of protein,fat,fatty acid contents,etc.,germination characteristics,microstructure,color,texture,acid value and peroxide value of peanuts were *** models of peanuts drying with four drying methods were also *** to the statistical parameters including the determination coefficient(R^(2))、root mean square error(RMSE)and chi-square value(v^(2)),theWeibull model was best for predicting the moisture ratio change kinetics of peanuts during its four drying *** were significant differences in physicochemical indexes of peanut by different drying methods(p<0.05).Fat and oleic acid contents under RF-HAD were significantly higher than those by the other three drying *** with the naturally-open sun drying,RF-HAD reduced drying time by 76.70%and the microstructure of RF-HAD peanuts produced larger and more *** RF-HAD kept better comprehensive nutritional quality,but the germination rate was reduced by 27.80%.PVD could maintain good nutritional quality and germination rate among these mechanical drying ***,PVD had a longer drying time of 9.5 h than RF-HAD and HAD,and the microstructure of pulsed vacuum dried peanuts showed dense structure and less *** air-dried peanut kernel held the highest protein(28.75%),fatty acids contents(26.11%)and germination rate(88.00%).However,peanut kernel dried by HAD showed poor qualities,such as high acid value,peroxide value and large color *** findings indicated RF-HAD was a promising drying technique for edible peanuts regarding the higher drying rate

关键词： Peanut Drying Mathematical model Nutritional quality Microstructure Germination rate

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Generation of human/rat xenograft animal model for the study of human donor stem cell behaviors in vivo

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第19期13卷 2707-2716页

作者： Yan Sun Dong Xiao Xing-Hua Pan Ruo-Shuang Zhang Guang-hui Cui Xi-Gu Chen Center of Experimental Animals Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong Province China Institute of Comparative Medicine and Center of Experimental Animals Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong Province China Clinic Experimental Department Kunming General Hospital Chengdu Military District of PLA Kunming 650032 Yunnan Province China

AIM： TO accurately and realistically elucidate human stem cell behaviors in vivo and the fundamental mechanisms controlling human stem cell fates in vivo, which is urgently required in regenerative medicine and treatments for some human diseases, a surrogate human-rat chimera model was developed. METHODS： Human-rat chimeras were achieved by in utero transplanting low-density mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood into the fetal rats at 9-11 d of gestation, and subsequently, a variety of methods, including flow cytometry, PCR as well as immunohistochemical assay, were used to test the human donor contribution in the recipients. RESULTS： Of 29 live-born recipients, 19 had the presence of human CD45^＋ cells in peripheral blood （PB） detected by flow cytometry, while PCR analysis on genomic DNA from 11 different adult tissues showed that 14 selected from flow cytometry-positive 19 animals possessed of donor-derived human cell engraftment in multiple tissues （i.e. liver, spleen, thymus, heart, kidney, blood, lung, muscle, gut and skin） examined at the time of tissue collection, as confirmed by detecting human 132- microglobulin expression using immunohistochemistry. Tn this xenogeneic system, the engrafted donor-derived human cells persisted in multiple tissues for at least 6 mo after birth. Moreover, transplanted human donor cells underwent site-specific differentiation into ck18-positive human cells in chimeric liver and CEHS-positive human cells in chimeric spleen and thymus of recipients. CONCLUSION： Taken together, these findings suggest that we successfully developed human-rat chimeras, in which xenogeneic human cells exist up to 6 mo later. This humanized small animal model, which offers an in vivo environment more closely resembling to the situations in human, provides an invaluable and effective approach for in vivo investigating human stem cell behaviors, and further in vivo examining fundamental mechanisms controlling human stem cell fates in the fut

关键词： Human umbilical cord blood-derived cells In utero xenogeneic transplantation Human-rat chimeras Embryonic microenvironment In vivo model

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Influence of moisture on the growth and biomass allocation in Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 93-101页

作者： SHAN LiShan ZHANG XiMing WANG YouKe WANG hui YAN HaiNong WEI Jiang XU Hao Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Forestry Department Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Economy and Development Reform Committee of Tianshan District Urumqi 830000China Institute of Desertification Control Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceYinchuan 750002China

The authors studied the effects using three different levels of irrigation on the growth and biomass allocation in H. ammodendron and T. ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway. The three irrigation amounts were 35 (ck), 24.5 (treatment 1), and 14 (treatment 2) kg·ind. plant-1·once-1, respectively. The results show that (1) the vertical depth of the two seedlings’ root increased with lower levels of irrigation showing that the two species adapted to decreased irrigation by root elongation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, and the vertical root depth of H. ammodendron under treatment 2 was notably higher than ck. (2) Compared with ck, the belowground biomass of treatment 1 and 2 both showed a significant increase as follows: H. ammodendron seedlings in- creased by 14.51% and 37.03% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively, while T. ramosissima seedlings increased by 68.19% and 25.78% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively. This means that H. ammoden- dron seedlings were more adapted to the conditions in treatment 2 while T. ramosissima seedlings were better adapted to treatment 1 conditions. (3) When compared with ck, the fine root bomass of these two species all exhibited some increase under both treatments, and ANOVA analysis showed that the biomass of deep layer root of the two species under treatment 2 was notably higher than ck and treatment 1. This should help seedlings to more effectively absorb soil water from deep layers during dry conditions. (4) The root-shoot ratio was different for these two species. For H. ammodendron seed- lings, the root-shoot ratio was less than 1, while for T. ramosissim seedlings it was larger than 1. The root-shoot ratio of H. ammodendron seedlings increased with decreasing levels of irrigation, and that of T. ramosissim seedlings also increased under treatment 2. (5) With decreasing levels of irrigation, due to the difference of species, the growth variation of aboveground indexes was also di

关键词： Haloxylon ammodendron Tamarix ramosissima belowground biomasses root-shoot ratio

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Differential Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Turnover Related Enzyme Activities to Wheat Straw Incorporation in Subtropical China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 169-183页

作者： Wei Dai Kaikai Fang hui Gao Jun Wang Petri Penttinen Zhimin Sha Linkui Cao School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Microbiology College of ResourcesSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China

Soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions and C turnover related enzyme activities are essential for nutrient *** is because they are regarded as important indicators of soil fertility and *** measured the effects of wheat straw incorporation on SOC fractions and C turnover related enzyme activities in a paddy field in subtropical *** samples were collected from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths after rice *** total SOC concentrations were higher in the high rate of wheat straw incorporation treatment(NPKS2)than in the not fertilized control(ck)(Pck and the fertilized treatment without straw(NPK)(Pck in all soil layers(Pck in the 0-10 cm layer(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that the formation of the SOC,WSOC,HWSOC,MBC,and EOC was mostly enhanced by the cellulase and invertase activities(P<0.05).Therefore,the high rate of wheat straw incorporation may be recommended to increase soil C pool levels and soil fertility in subtropical paddy soils.

关键词： Wheat straw incorporation soil organic carbon fractions soil carbon turnover related enzymes paddy soil subtropical China

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Stenting as a bridge to surgery in obstructing colon cancer:Longterm recurrence pattern and competing risk of mortality

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第2期15卷 64-76页

作者： Aik Yong Chok Yun Zhao hui Jun Lim Yvonne Ying Ru Ng Emile john Kwong Wei Tan Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Department of Group Analytics Singapore Health ServicesSingapore 168582Singapore

BAckGROUND Stenting as a bridge to curative surgery(SBTS)for obstructing colon cancer(OCC)has been associated with possibly worse oncological *** To evaluate the recurrence patterns,survival outcomes,and colorectal cancer(CRC)-specific death in patients undergoing SBTS for *** Data from 62 patients undergoing SBTS at a single tertiary centre over ten years between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively *** outcomes were recurrence patterns,overall survival(OS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and CRC-specific *** and CSS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier *** risk analysis with cumulative incidence function(CIF)was used to estimate CRC-specific mortality with other cause-specific death as a competing ***-Gray regressions were performed to determine prognostic factors of CRC-specific *** and multivariate subdistribution hazard ratios and their corresponding Wald test P values were *** 28 patients(45.2%)developed metastases after a median period of 16 *** the 18 patients with single-site metastases:Four had lung-only metastases(14.3%),four had liver-only metastases(14.3%),and 10 had peritoneum-only metastases(35.7%),while 10 patients had two or more sites of metastatic disease(35.7%).The peritoneum was the most prevalent(60.7%)site of metastatic involvement(17/28).The median follow-up duration was 46 mo.26(41.9%)of the 62 patients died,of which 16(61.5%)were CRC-specific deaths and 10(38.5%)were deaths owing to other causes. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS probabilities were 88%, 74%, and 59%;1-, 3-, and5-year CSS probabilities were 97%, 83%, and 67%. The highest CIF for CRC-specific death at 60 mowas liver-only recurrence (0.69). Liver-only recurrence, peritoneum-only recurrence, and two ormore recurrence sites were predictive of CRC-specific *** peritoneum was the most common metastatic site among patients undergoing SBTS. Liveronlyrecurrence, peritoneum-only recurrence, an

关键词： Obstructing colon cancer Colorectal cancer Endoscopic stenting Competing risk analysis Survival Recurrence Peritoneal metastasis

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