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Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5912-5917页

作者： Norma c McAvoy john N Plevris Peter c Hayes Department of Hepatology University of EdinburghRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic ***:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral *** January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic *** details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were *** thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection *** patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was *** haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin *** duration of follow up was also *** study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics ***:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per ***-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy ***-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy *** re-bleeding occurred in this ***:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Ectopic Varices Gastric varices, Portal hypertension Thrombin

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识别液态和固态水的四波段水指数及其在咸海流域的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第3期54卷 788-807页

作者：岳兵陈曦李赛博杜正平 john WILSON 杨筠慧焦毅蒙黄双燕周成虎中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km... 详细信息

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km^(2)到2百万km^(2)不等.因此,我们首先界定咸海流域、锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及它们的上、中、下游的边界,然后提出可识别液态水和固态水的四波段指数(ILSW),以解决传统水指数的误别偏差问题.ILSW基于绿色、红色、近红外和热红外波段反射值,是归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和地表温度(LST)的合成.验证结果显示,ILSW水指数在咸海流域的准确性远远超过其他指数.研究结果表明,南咸海的水域面积平均每年缩小963km^(2),而北咸海几乎没有变化;由于气候变暖,咸海流域上游常年冰雪面积有大幅度退缩趋势,阿姆河上游和锡尔河上游常年冰雪的退缩速率分别为年均6233和384km^(2)/a.气候变化和人类活动引起了严重的水亏问题.自20世纪90年代以来,水亏呈增长趋势,平均每年增长3.778亿m^(3).2011~2020年期间,整个咸海流域平均总水亏量为76.967亿m^(3),而锡尔河流域上游(咸海流域的一个组成部分)水盈余量为25.461亿m^(3).研究结果对制定咸海流域可持续发展战略具有重要意义.

关键词：咸海流域锡尔河流域阿姆河流域水指数水面积覆盖水亏缺气候变化

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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： john Meurig thomas Peter P.Edwards Peter J.Dobson Gari P.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz city for Science and Technology(KAcST)-Oxford centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals and Inorganic chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s college University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as Japan,South Korea and the People’s Republic of china,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

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Femoral impaction grafting

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第1期4卷 7-11页

作者： john A Scanelli thomas E Brown Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA 22908 United States

Femoral impaction grafting is a reconstruction option applicable to both simple and complex femoral component revisions. It is one of the preferred techniques for reconstructing large femoral defects when the isthmus is non-supportive. The available level of evidence is primarily derived from case series, which shows a mean survivorship of 90.5%, with revision or re-operation as the end-point, with an average follow-up of 11 years. The rate of femoral fracture requiring re-operation or revision of the component varies between several large case series, ranging from 2.5% to 9%, with an average of 5.4%.

关键词： Femoral impaction grafting Femoral revision Bone grafting Revision total hip arthroplasty Bone loss

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congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第5期14卷 552-557页

作者： Ruchi Sharma Abid Suddle Alberto Quaglia Praveen Peddu john Karani thomas Satyadas Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital Department of Radiology King's College Hospital central Manchester University Hospital Manchester Royal Infirmary

congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt,also known as Abernethy malformation, is a rare congenital malformation. It causes shunting of blood through a communication between the portal and systemic veins such as a patent ductus venous. We report 3 cases of Abernethy malformation complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, we comprehensively reviewed all previously reported cases and highlighted common features that may help in early diagnosis and appropriate *** with Abernethy malformation may have an increased propensity to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. All 5 previously reported cases, plus the three of our patients, have a type 1（complete） shunt suggesting a role for absent portal blood flow in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be sought for in cases with raised serum ammonia, hepatic encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis.

关键词： Abernethy malformation congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt congenital absence of portal vein patent ductus venosus hepatocellular carcinoma

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An electrochemical process that uses an Fe^0/TiO2 cathode to degrade typical dyes and antibiotics and a bio-anode that produces electricity

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 25-32页

作者： chaojie Jiang Lifen Liu john c. crittenden Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China School of civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this study a new water treatment system that couples （photo-） electrochemical catalysis （PEc or Ec） in a microbial fuel cell （MFc） was configured using a stainless-steel （SS） cathode coated w th Fe / TiO2. We examined the destruction of methylene blue （MB） and tetracycline. Fe^0/TiO2 was prepared using a chemical reduction-deposition method and coated onto an SS wire mesh （500 mesh） using a sol technique. The anode generates electricity using microbes （bio-anode）. connected via wire and ohmic resistance, the system requires a short reaction time and operates at a low cost by effectively remowng 94% MB （initial concentration 20 mg·L^-1） and 83% TOc/TOco under visible light illumination （50 W; 1.99 mW·cm^-2 for 120 rain, MFc-PEc）. The removal was similar even without light irradiation （MFc-Ec）. The EEo of the MFc-PEc system was approximately 0.675 kWh·m^-3. order-l whereas that of the MFc-Ec system was zero. The system was able to remove 70% cOD in tetracycline solution （initial tetracycline concentration 100 mg·L^-1） after 120 min of visible light illumination; without light, the removal was 15% lower. The destruction of MB and tetracycline in both traditional photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis systems was notably low. The electron spinresonance spectroscopy （ESR） study demonstrated that. OH was formed under visible light, and. 02 was formed without light. The bio-electricity-activated O2 and ROS （reactive oxidizing species） generation by Fe^0/TiO2 effectively degraded the pollutants. This cathodic degradation improved the electricity generation by accepting and consuming more electrons from the bio-anode.

关键词： Bio-anodePhotocatalytic cathode Fe^0/TiO2 ESRDye and antibioticsAdvanced oxidation

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and severe obesity:Fundoplication or bariatric surgery?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3757-3761页

作者： Vivek N Prachand john c Alverdy center for the Surgical Treatment of Obesity Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

Increases in the prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have paralleled one another over the past decade, which suggests the possibility of a linkage between these two processes. In both instances, surgical therapy is recognized as the most effective treatment for severe, refractory disease. current surgical therapies for severe obesity include (in descending frequency) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, while fundoplication remains the mainstay for the treatment of severe GERD. In several large series, however, the outcomes and durability of fundoplication in the setting of severe obesity are not as good as those in patients who are not severely obese. As such, bariatric surgery has been suggested as a potential alternative treatment for these patients. This article reviews current concepts in the putative pathophysiological mechanisms by which obesity contributes to gastroesophageal reflux and their implications with regards to surgical therapy for GERD in the setting of severe obesity.

关键词： Morbid obesity Gastroesophageal reflux disease Fundoplication Bariatric surgery Gastric bypass Sleeve gastrectomy

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Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： Rebecca K Grant William M Brindle Mhairi c Donnelly Pauline M Mcconville thomas G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri john N Plevris The centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact onan individual’s quality of life. comorbidities are high amongst patients and lifeexpectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to reviewthe literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were performed on PubMed to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetamol overdose. coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be *** is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to latediagnosis and increased mortality. clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with *** levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential toensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease Mental health

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Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li john c. crittenden School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China crittenden and Associates Beijing 100102 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proceedings contained 28 abstracts that discussed the start-of-the art applications of sustainable chemical engineering [1]. We summarized topics that were discussed in the 28 abstracts using the non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topics＂ were synthesized without reading the abstracts. Here we will not discuss the algorithm of NMF in detail because of the space limitation and please refer to references for the description of NMF [2,3]. Topic modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstracts increases.

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The omentum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第2期6卷 169-176页

作者： cameron Platell Deborah cooper john M.Papadimitriou john c.Hall Department of Surgery the University of Western Australia Departments of Pathology the University of Western Australia

INTRODUcTIONThe word omentum derives from the ancientEgyptians who,when embalming human bodies,used to assess their'omens'by looking at thevariations in what we recognise today as ***(128-199 AD)thought that therole of the omentum was to warm the *** was on the basis of a gladiator who had anomental resection after a stab injury and sufferedgreatly from cold for the rest of his life.A

关键词： omentum peritonitis macrophage neutrophil lymphocytes mesothelium adhesions omentectomy

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