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Glacier geoengineering to address sea-level rise:A geotechnical approach

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Advances in climate change Research 2020年第4期11卷 401-414页

作者： Andrew LOcKLEY Michael WOLOVIcK Bowie KEEFER Rupert GLADSTONE Li-Yun ZHAO john c.moore University college London(Bartlett School) LondonWC1H 0QBUK college of Global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China Manastee Road Galiano IslandBritish ColumbiaBC V0N 1P0Canada Arctic centre University of LaplandRovaniemi96101Finland Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai519082China

It is remarkable that the high-end sea level rise threat over the next few hundred years comes almost entirely from only a handful of ice streams and large *** occupy a few percent of ice sheets’***,spatially limited interventions at source may provide globally-equitable mitigation from rising *** streams control draining of ice sheets;glacier retreat or acceleration serves to greatly increase potential sea level *** various climatic geoengineering approaches have been considered,serious consideration of geotechnical approaches has been limited e particularly regarding *** study summarises novel and extant geotechnical techniques for glacier restraint,identifying candidates for further *** include draining or freezing the bed;altering surface albedo;creating obstacles:retaining snow;stiffening shear margins with ice;blocking warm sea water entry;thickening ice shelves(increasing buttressing,and strengthening fractured shelves against disintegration);as well as using regional climate engineering or local cloud seeding to cool the glacier or add *** all of these ideas are judged reasonable or feasible,and even fewer are likely to be found to be advisable after further *** describing and evaluating the potential and risks of a large menu of responses e even apparently hopeless ones e we can increase the chances of finding one that works in times of need.

关键词： climate intervention Targeted geoengineering Antarctica Greenland Glaciers Sea level rise

Delayed Antarctic melt season reduces albedo feedback

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 236-246页

作者： Lei Liang Huadong Guo Shuang Liang Xichen Li john c.moore Xinwu Li Xiao cheng Wenjin Wu Yan Liu Annette Rinke Gensuo Jia Feifei Pan chen Gong Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences International Research center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Arctic centre University of Lapland cAS center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen University Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz centre for Polar and Marine Research Department of Geography University of North Texas

Antarctica' s response to climate change varies greatly both spatially and *** melting impacts mass balance and also lowers surface *** use a 43-year record(from 1978 to 2020) of Antarctic snow melt seasons from space-borne microwave radiometers with a machine-learning algorithm to show that both the onset and the end of the melt season are being ***-causality analysis shows that melt end is delayed due to increased heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere at minimum sea-ice extent from warming *** onset is Granger-caused primarily by the turbulent heat flux from ocean to atmosphere that is in turn driven by sea-ice *** snowmelt season leads to a net decrease in the absorption of solar irradiance,as a delayed summer means that higher albedo occurs after the period of maximum solar radiation,which changes Antarctica's radiation balance more than sea-ice cover.

关键词： Antarctic ice sheet snowmelt season delay sea ice solar irradiance

Arctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation under the abrupt4xcO2 scenario

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第4期25卷 234-245页

作者： YU Xiaoyong Annette Rinke JI Duoying cUI Xuefeng john c.moore State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz centre for Polar and Marine Research PotsdamGermany

We analyze sea ice changes from eight different earth system models that have conducted experiment abrupt4xcO2 of the coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （cMIP5）. In response to abrupt quadrupling of cO2 from preindustrial levels, Arctic temperatures dramatically rise by about 10℃--16℃ in winter and the seasonal sea ice cycle and sea ice concentration are significantly changed compared with the pre-industrial control simulations （picontrol）. changes of Arctic sea ice concentration are spatially correlated with temperature patterns in all seasons and highest in autumn. changes in sea ice are associated with changes in atmospheric circulation patterns at heights up to the jet stream. While the pattern of sea level pressure changes is generally similar to the surface air temperature change pattern, the wintertime 500 hPa circulation displays a positive Pacific North America （PNA） anomaly under abrupt4xcO2-picontrol. This large scale teleconnection may contribute to, or feedback on, the simulated sea ice cover change and is associated with an intensification of the jet stream over East Asia and the north Pacific in winter.

关键词： Arctic sea ice atmospheric circulation ahrupt4xcO2

Atmospheric feedbacks on Arctic summer sea-ice anomalies in ensemble simulations of a coupled regional climate model

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Advances in Polar Science 2018年第3期29卷 156-164页

作者： Annette RINKE Dorthe HANDORF Wolfgang DORN Klaus DETHLOFF john c.moore Xiangdong ZHANG Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam 14473 Germany college of Global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China International Arctic Research center University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska 99775 USA

Ensemble simulations with the Arctic coupled regional climate model HIRHAM-NAOSIM have been analyzed to investigate atmospheric feedbacks to September sea-ice anomalies in the Arctic in autumn and the following winter. Different ＂low- minus high ice＂ composites have been calculated using selected model runs and different periods. This approach allows us to investigate the robustness of the simulated regional atmospheric feedbacks to detected sea-ice anomalies. Since the position and strength of the September sea-ice anomaly varies between the different ＂low- minus high ice＂ composites, the related simulated atmospheric patterns in autumn differ depending on the specific surface heat flux forcing through the oceaaa-atmosphere interface. However, irrespective of those autumn differences, the regional atmospheric feedback in the following winter is rather insensitive to the applied compositing. Neither the selection of simulations nor the considered period impacts the results. The simulated consistent large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern show-s a wave-like pattern with positive pressure anomaly over the region of the Barents/Kara Seas and Scandinavia/western Russia （＂Scandinavian-Ural blocking＂） and negative pressure anomaly over the East Siberian/Laptev Seas.

关键词： Arctic climate atmosphere-sea ice feedback regional climate modeling Arctic atmosphere

Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase cγ-ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

chemistry the molecular science john W. moore, conrad L. Stanitski, Peter c. Jurs. 1st ed.

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Targeted Ptpn11 deletion in mice reveals the essential role of SHP2 in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal homeostasis

2002年

作者： john W. moore conrad L. Stanitski Peter c. Jurs.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Bone Research 2021年第1期9卷 75-85页

作者： Lijun Wang Huiliang Yang Jiahui Huang Shaopeng Pei Liyun Wang Jian Q.Feng Dian Jing Hu Zhao Henry M.Kronenberg Douglas c.moore Wentian Yang Department of Orthopedic Surgery Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island HospitalProvidenceRI 02903USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE DE19716USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M College of Dentistry3302 Gaston AveDallasTX 75246USA Department of comprehensive Dentistry Texas A&M College of Dentistry3302 Gaston AveDallasTX 75246USA Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA

The maturation and function of osteoblasts(OBs)rely heavily on the reversible phosphorylation of signaling *** date,most of the work in OBs has focused on phosphorylation by tyrosyl kinases,but little has been revealed about dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPases).SHP2(encoded by PTPN11)is a ubiquitously expressed ***11 mutations are associated with both bone and cartilage manifestations in patients with Noonan syndrome(NS)and metachondromatosis(Mc),although the underlying mechanisms remain ***,we report that SHP2 deletion in bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein-expressing(Bglap+)bone cells leads to massive osteopenia in both trabecular and cortical bones due to the failure of bone cell maturation and enhanced osteoclast activity,and its deletion in Bglap+chondrocytes results in the onset of enchondroma and osteochondroma in aged mice with increased tubular bone ***,SHP2 was found to be required for osteoblastic differentiation by promoting RUNX2/OSTERIX signaling and for the suppression of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting STAT3-mediated RANKL production by osteoblasts and *** findings are likely to explain the compromised skeletal system in NS and Mc patients and to inform the development of novel therapeutics to combat skeletal disorders.

关键词： skeletal homeostasis SHP2

Inertia response from full-power converter-based permanent magnet wind generators

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and clean Energy 2013年第1期1卷 26-33页

作者： john LIcARI Janaka EKANAYAKE Ian moore Institute of Energy Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK University of Peradeniya PeradeniyaSri Lanka

With a high penetration of wind turbines,the proportion of synchronous generation in the power system will be reduced at times,thus creating operating difficulties especially during frequency ***,it is anticipated that many grid operators will demand inertia response from wind *** this article,different ways for emulating inertia response in full-rated power converter-based wind turbines equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generators are *** control signals are added to the controller of the wind turbine to extract stored energy from the rotating mass and Dc-link *** in MATLAB/Simulink show that the inertia response is improved by adding a term proportional to the rate of change of frequency and by extracting the stored energy in the Dc-link capacitors.

关键词： Inertia response Frequency response Full-rated power converter Wind turbines

cascade degradation and electrocatalytic upcycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)to valued products

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 76-93页

作者： Xin Li Zirui Jiang Zongkui Kou john Wang Shiyou Zheng School of Materials and chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore

The global annual production of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)has reached 82 million tons,yet only a small fraction(less than 20%)is *** ultra-slow degradation rate of PET results in the accumulation of PET waste in the environment,causing serious plastic pollution and posing severe challenges to *** response,great efforts have been directed toward developing a cascade degradation and electrocatalytic upcycling strategy,which serves as a“waste-towealth”*** strategy involves electro-reforming PEThydrolyzed intermediates or using PET pyrolyzed products as electrocatalysts to generate high-value *** review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art strategies for the“degradation-electrocatalytic upcycling(De-eUp)”of PET ***,an introduction to the strategy is provided,categorizing it into two main frameworks:“pyrolysis-electrocatalytic upcycling”and“hydrolysis-electrocatalytic upcycling”.The section on“pyrolysis-electrocatalytic upcycling”delves into the degradation methods for designing derived carbon nanomaterials and their utilization as high-performance ***“hydrolysis-electrocatalytic upcycling”section discusses recent advancements in electro-reforming of PET hydrolyzed intermediates for the production of c_(1) and c_(2) *** review concludes by examining the challenges and future prospects in developing an efficient and economical PET upcycling *** is anticipated that this review will stimulate further progress in plastic waste valorization.

关键词： poly(ethylene terephthalate)waste electrocatalytic upcycling pyrolysis hydrolysis ethylene glycol oxidation reaction